Second Semester

(3rd & 4th Quarters)

RESEARCH IN DAILY
LIFE/ PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
 LESSON 1:
Part I:
Nature of Inquiry &
Research
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
 Research is an organized investigation and
study of materials and sources to create
facts and reach new inferences. Research has
come up with developing appropriate solutions to
improve the individual’s quality of life. Although it
may take place in a different setting and may use
different methods, scientific research is
universally a systematic and objective search for
reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010).
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
 Research is a verified
approach of thinking and employing
legalized instruments and steps to
obtain a more adequate solution to a
problem that is otherwise impossible to
address under ordinary means (Crawford,
as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995).
RESEARCH CAN BE CATEGORIZED INTO TWO:

 Basic Research. This is the type of

research that is a purely direct
application but increasing the nature
of understanding about the problem. It
develops the scientific theories to be
more understandable to the readers.
RESEARCH CAN BE CATEGORIZED INTO TWO:

 Applied Research. It is a
type of research that needs an
answer to a specific question. It
provides solutions and validation
in order to apply to the real
setting.
 LESSON 1:
Part II:
Characteristics,
Processes, & Ethics of
Research
Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the
major characteristics of research:

1. EMPIRICAL - is based on observations and experiments

of theories.
2. SYSTEMATIC - follows orderly and sequential
procedures, based on valid procedures and principles.
3. CONTROLLED - in research, all variables, except those
that are tested/ experimented on, are kept constant.
4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS - refers to a search for facts,
answers to questions and solutions to problems.
Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the
major characteristics of research:

5. ANALYTICAL - shows analytical procedures in

gathering the data, whether historical,
descriptive, and or case study.
6. OBJECTIVE - it is unbiased and logical. All
findings are logically based on real-life situations.
7. ORIGINAL WORK - it requires its own
examination and produces the data needed to
complete the study.
Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the
following are involved in the research
processes:
1.DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM: What is the
problem?
2.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: What
evidence is already presented?
3.FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How are we going
to find/look for the answer to questions being
studied?
4.RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the study be
shown and with what population?
Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the
following are involved in the research
processes:

5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready to

gather the data? Where do we find the
data?
6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the data
answer the research queries?
7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What are the
implications of the results?
According to Resnik, 2007, ethical norms are significant in
conducting research studies as explained in the following:
 First, ethics promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and
credibility. It also fosters values that are essential to
collaborative work.
 Second, ethical norms help individuals to be accountable in
every act that the researcher/s undertake.
 Third, ensure that researchers are held accountable to the
public.
 Lastly, an ethical norm in research also needs public
awareness. This can be evaluated by the researcher before
conducting the study because this may help a certain
population in an area once the study is completed.
 ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH, RESNIK, 2007
Honesty. Maintain all communication. Data should
not be faked.
Objectivity. Avoid biases in experimental designs,
data analysis, interpretation, expert testimony, and
other aspects of research.
Integrity. Keep your promises and agreements.
Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and negligence.
Openness. Share data, results, ideas and tools. Be
open to criticism and new ideas.
 ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH, RESNIK, 2007
Confidentiality. Protect confidential
communication.
Responsible Publication. Avoid duplicating
publications.
Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate,
mentor, and advise others.
Respect Colleagues. Treat all peers fairly.
Social Responsibility. Strive to promote social
good. Avoid social harm.
 ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH, RESNIK, 2007
Non – Discrimination. Avoid discrimination against
colleagues or students on the basis of sex, races,
ethnicity, and or others.
Legality. Be informed and obey relevant laws and
institutional governmental policies.
Respect of Intellectual Property. Give proper
acknowledgment or credits to all researchers.
Human Subject. Minimize risks that involve human
lives, dignity, and privacy.
 LESSON 1:
Part III:
Qualitative &
Quantitative Research
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE
- is the “naturalistic method RESEARCH - is a positivist
of research which deals with scientific method which
the concern of human refers to a general set of
difficulty by discovering it orderly discipline
straightly.” (Beck, 2004) procedures to acquire
It is concerned with information (Beck, 2004).
the experiences, Mostly, it is concerned
understanding and words of with numbers and
the individual. measurement.