Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
2 views

MLL100_LecturePhaseTransformations

Uploaded by

Ishita Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

MLL100_LecturePhaseTransformations

Uploaded by

Ishita Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

MLL100: Introduction to

Materials Science & Engineering


3-0-2

Instructor: K. S. N. Vikrant
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Office: Block-3, 3B-25
Email id: ksnvikrant@iitd.ac.in
Phase transformations

The phases present in a material may undergo change as a function of


temperature and pressure. Such changes are called phase
transformations G as f(T)
Solidification
process

Decrease in Gibbs free


energy

Homogeneous &
Heterogeneous
Formation of critical Atoms
nucleus by statistical surrounding the
fluctuation critical particle

Critic
al
partic
le
Diffuse jump of a
surrounding atom
to the critical
particle makes it a
nucleation
Question for thought

What do the or r *

depend on?
Dependence of on temperature

One assumption would be that close to melting point


latent heat of fusion (Δh) and change in entropy (ΔS) do
not vary much with the temperature
Driving force for
solidification

g
Dg (T)

gL gS

T Tm T
Df + 4p r g

2
Df1*
+ 4 p r 2g
Df2*

r 2* r 1* r

T2 < T1
Tm

*
Decreasing Df
D T
n g
a si
cre
In

Decreasing r *
Df →

r →
Question for thought

As the degree of supercooling increases, do


the nucleation rate as well always increase?

No, because the thermal energy decreases and this control


the nucleation rate
Heterogeneous nucleation

Nucleation is often aided by some preexisting


surfaces, e.g., container walls, inclusions, grain
boundaries etc.

Such nucleation is called HETEROGENEOUS


NUCLEATION
b

d
Consider the nucleation of b from L on a wall of the containe

Interfacial Energies
L gLb
b Alens gLb
q Created

gLd gbd
Created Acircle gbd

d Lost Acircle gLd

Surface tension force balance

Vlens = ph2(3r-h)/3Alens = 2prhh = (1-Cosq)r


rcircle = r Sinq
Similar to homogenous nucleation…

Note that only one interfacial energy is coming along


with the contact angle

Comparison between homogenous and heterogeneous sites


Effect of contact angle

Df*hetero / Df*homo → Df*hetero (0o) = 0


Df*hetero (180o) = Df*homo
no barrier to nucleation
no benefit
Df*hetero (90o) = Df*homo/2

Complete wetting Partial wetting No wetting

q (degrees) → Product phase is not


interacting with surface
Artific
ial
Rain

by
Cloud
Seedi
ng

You might also like