Algebra Review

A Variable is a placeholder which can take any value.

A Constant is a symbol which takes on only one value.

A Term is a constant, a variable, or a combination of constants and variables.

For example, 7.76, 3x, xyz, 5z/x, 0.992x are terms.

An Expression is a collection of one or more terms.

For example, 9, 9xy, 6x + x/3, 8yz - 2x are expressions.

 Algebra Review

Term : 3x2 Term : y3

 Addition of Algebraic Expressions

(x2 - 3x + 5) + (4x2 + 6x – 3)
 DRILL 1 Problems

1. 9a2b + 3c + 2a2b + 5c
 DRILL 1 Problems

2. 14m2n3 + 6m2n3 + 3m2n3

 DRILL 1 Problems

5. 3ac2 + 2b2c + 7ac2 + 2ac2 + b2c

 Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

(5x2 + 4y2 + 3z2) – (4xy + 7y2 – 3z2 + 1)

 Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions : DRILL 1 Problems

7. 3x3y2 – 4xz – 6x3y2

 DRILL 1 Problems

9. 7b3 – 4c2 – 6b3 + 3c3

 Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions

(y2) (5) (6y2) (yz) (2z2)

 Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions

(4x2 + 3y) (6xz2)

 Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions

(5y + z +1) (y2 + 2y)

 DRILL 1 Problems

11. 5p2t * 3p2t

 DRILL 1 Problems

12. (2r + s) 14r

 DRILL 1 Problems

13 (4m + p) (3m – 2p) .

 Division of Algebraic Expressions

(6xyz2) / (2y2z)
 Division of Algebraic Expressions

(2x2 + x + 6) / (x + 1)
 DRILL 1 Problems

16. (x2 + x – 6) / (x – 2)
 DRILL 1 Problems

18. (3p2 + pq – 2q2) / (p + q)

 Factorization

Factorization is the process of writing an expression in terms of its factors.

For eg., Factorization of 20 is :

For eg., Factorization of x2 + x – 6 is :

 Formulas for Factorization

a(c + d) = ac + ad

(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2

(a + b)(a + b) = (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a – b)(a – b) = (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

 Formulas for Factorization

(a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd

Two Special Cases of the above :

(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab (ax + b)(cx + d) = acx 2 + ab + b2
 Examples

Factor 4 – 16x2
 Simplify

3x2 + 2x2 - 4x2 5axy2 – 7axy2 – 3xy2

An important formula
Simplify
 Simplify : DRILL 2 Problems

1. 16b2 – 25z2
 DRILL 2 Problems

2. x2 – 2x – 8
 DRILL 2 Problems

3. 2c2 + 5cd – 3d2

 DRILL 2 Problems

9. m2p2 + mpg – 6g2

 EQUATIONS

An equation is defined as a statement saying that two separate expressions are equal.

3x + y + x + 2y = 15.

A solution to an equation is/are value(s) of the variable(s) that makes/make the equation true.

For example, x = 3, y = 1 is a solution to the above equation.

Equations with exactly the same solutions are called equivalent equations.

For eg., 3x + y + x + 2y = 15 and 3y – 15 = – 4x are equivalent equations.

Note : Performing the same operation on both sides of an equation using the same will result in a new equation
that is equivalent to the original equation.

For example, if LHS = RHS is the original equation, we can write :

Addition or Subtraction
Multiplication or Division
Raising to a power
Taking reciprocal
Solve : 3x – 8 = 7x + 8 Verification:
 Linear Equations in One Variable

ax + b = 0.

Solving a Linear Equation:

 Solving a Linear Equation:

A) If the equation has unknowns on both sides of the equation, put similar terms on the same side.

For example,
 Solving a Linear Equation:

B) If the equation has fractions, cross multiply and then use procedure A) shown on previous slide.

For example,
 Solving a Linear Equation:

C) If there are radicals, raise both sides to an appropriate power and then use the procedure A) shown on previous slide.

For example,
Solve : 2(x + 3) = (3x + 5) – (x – 5)
Solve : 2(2y/3 + 5) + 2(y + 5) = 130
 DRILL 3 Problems

3. x/3 + 3 = x/2
 DRILL 3 Problems

4. 0.4x + 1 = 0.7x – 2
 Linear Equations in Two Variables

ax + by = c
System of Linear Equations in Two Variables
 Methods to Solve System of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Method 1) Addition or Subtraction

Solve : x + 2y = 8;
3x + 4y = 20.
 Methods to Solve System of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Method 2) Substitution

Solve : x + 2y = 8;
3x + 4y = 20.
 Methods to Solve System of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Method 3) Graph

Solve : x + 2y = 8;
3x + 4y = 20.
Solve :

2x + 3y – 4z = – 8;
x + y – 2z = – 5;
7x – 2y + 5z = 4.
 DRILL 4 Problems

1. Solve: 3x + 4y = – 2;
x – 6y = – 8.
 DRILL 4 Problems

2. Solve: 2x + y = – 10;
– 2x – 4y = 4.
 DRILL 4 Problems

10. Solve: 6x – 3y = 1;
– 9x + 5y = – 1.
 Quadratic Equations

Quadratic Equation in variable x.

 Quadratic Equations

Roots of a Quadratic Equation.

 Quadratic Equations

Methods to find Roots of a Quadratic Equation.

A) Direct Solution

Solve: x2 = 9.
 Quadratic Equations

Methods to find Roots of a Quadratic Equation.

B) Factoring

Solve: x2 – 5x + 4 = 0.
 Quadratic Equations

Methods to find Roots of a Quadratic Equation.

C) Completing Squares

Solve: x2 – 12x + 8 = 0.
 Quadratic Equations

Solve: x2 + 8x + 15 = 0.
 Quadratic Equations

Solve by factoring : 2x2 + 3x = 0.

 Quadratic Equations

Solve by factoring : y2 – 2y – 3 = y – 3.
 Quadratic Equations

Solve by factoring : z2 – 2z – 3 = 0.
 Quadratic Equations

Solve by factoring : 2m2 – 11m – 6 = 0.

 DRILL 5 Problems

1. Solve: x2 – 2x – 8 = 0.
 DRILL 5 Problems

1. Solve: x2 – 2x – 8 = 0.
 DRILL 5 Problems

2. Solve: x2 + 2x – 3 = 0.
 DRILL 5 Problems

2. Solve: x2 + 2x – 3 = 0.
 DRILL 5 Problems

3. Solve: x2 – 7x = – 10.
 DRILL 5 Problems

3. Solve: x2 – 7x = – 10.
 DRILL 5 Problems

9. Solve: 6x2 – x – 2 = 0.
 DRILL 5 Problems

10. Solve: 12x2 + 5x = 3.

Absolute Value Equations
 Absolute Value Equations

Solve : | 5 – 3x | = 7.
 Absolute Value Equations

Solve : | 2x – 6 | = | 4 – 5x |
 DRILL 6 Problems

1. Solve: |4x – 2| = 6.
 DRILL 6 Problems

2. Solve: |3 – y/2| = –7.

 DRILL 6 Problems

4. Solve: |5x| – 7 = 3.
 Inequalities

An inequality is a statement where the value of one quantity or expression is

greater than { } , less than { } , greater than or equal to { } ,less than or equal to { } OR
not equal to { } that of another.
 Inequalities

The solution of a given inequality in one variable x consists of all values of x for which the inequality is true.
 Inequalities

EXAMPLE

x>2

EXAMPLE

5>x 2
 Inequalities

Properties of Inequalities
 Inequalities

Properties of Inequalities
 Inequalities

Properties of Inequalities
 Inequalities

Properties of Inequalities
 Inequalities

Solve 2x + 5 > 9.
 Inequalities

Solve 4x + 3 < 6x + 8.
 DRILL 7 Problems

2. x/2 – 3 1.
 DRILL 7 Problems

4. – 6 < 2r/3 + 6 2.
 Ratios and Proportions

The ratio of two numbers x and y written x : y is the fraction x / y where y 0.

 Ratios and Proportions

A proportion is an equality of two ratios.

 Ratios and Proportions

Solve the proportion

 Ratios and Proportions

Find the ratios of x : y : z from the equations

7x = 4y + 8z, 3z = 12x + 11y.

Ratios and Proportions
Ratios and Proportions
 DRILL 8 Problems

4. Four out of every five students at West High take a Mathematics course. If the enrolment at West High is 785,
how many students take Mathematics?
 DRILL 8 Problems

9. A student attends classes 7.5 hours a day and works a part time job for 3.5 hours a day. She knows she must get
seven hours of sleep a night. Write the ratio of the number of free hours in this student’s day to the total number
of hours in a day.