ES 202 - Introduction to Computers and Programming in C

Dr. Kanta Prasad Sharma ( K P Sharma)

Associate Professor –CSE
Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Greater Noida Campus
+91 9760 207629
 Faculty Profile
Greater Noida Campus Academic Highlights
 Ph.D. – Information Technology
 Industrial Training- UI Path Automation
 Industrial Training – Global Logic – Full Stack
 Books Published : 5
Experience
14 Years as academics &Innovative Research
Research Highlights

 SCI :18 [ WOS -H Index :08] & WCIF – 01.02

 Scopus : 42 [Scopus- H Index : 12]

 Citations : 454 [ H- 11 & I- 13 ]

Dr. Kanta Prasad Sharma
Associate Professor (CSE)  Research Gate : 9.9 [ H- 8]
Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Official : Faculty Cabin - 413 ( IV Floor,)
Amity University – G –Noida Campus  Patents :15 [ Published :18 ,Grant:10]
+91 9760 20 7629 Members
 MODULE - I
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Outlines

• Introduction to Computer .

• History and types of computer

• Memory System

• H/W Concept – Input and Output Devices

• S/W Concept ( System , Application and Utility S/w )

• Data Representation – Number System, Character Representation code , binary , Octal, Hexadecimal code.

• Number system operations ( Binary Arithmetic, Floating point Arithmetic, Signed and Unsigned number)

• Memory Storage Unit

 MODULE -II
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Outlines ..
• Introduction & History of C Programming Language
• Concept of Variables and its Types
• Operators & types in C programming
• Expressions
• Managing input and outputs
• Formatting I/O
 INTRODUCTION – C
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C is a general-purpose programming language that has been widely used for over 50 years.
C is very powerful; it has been used to develop operating systems, databases, applications, etc.
C is strongly associated with UNIX, as it was developed to write the UNIX operating system.

Why C?
• It is one of the most popular programming languages in the world.
• If you know C, you will have no problem learning other popular programming languages such as
Java, Python, C++, C#,
• C is very fast, compared to other programming languages, like Java and Python
• C is very versatile;
• it can be used in both applications and technologies
 C - Compiler
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Online Compiler :  https://onecompiler.com/c

 https://www.onlinegdb.com/
Offline Compiler

C Install IDE
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)  used for compiled the code.

Download Process

http://www.codeblocks.org/.  mingw-setup.exe

Let’s Work
Open Codeblocks and go to File > New > Empty File .
Write the following C code and save the file as Experiment1.c (File > Save File as)
 Editor Environment
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!"

Source Code Syntax

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
void main() {
{ printf(“Welcome in Amity University ");
printf(“Welcome in Amity University "); return 0;
} }

Line 1: #include <stdio.h> is a header file library that lets us work with input and output functions,

such as printf() (used in line 4)

Line 2: A blank line. C ignores white space. But we use it to make the code more readable.

Line 3: Another thing that always appear in a C program is main().

This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

Line 4: printf() is a function used to output/print text to the screen.

In our example, it will output :Welcome in Amity University

 Comments in C
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Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//)

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
// The code below will print the words
printf(“Welcome in Amity University!");
}

Multi-line comments statement with /* and ends with */

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
/* The code below will print to the screen,
Amity University Welcome you */
printf("Hello Future Engineers!");
return 0;
}
 Variable in C
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 Variables are containers for storing data values, like numbers and characters.
 In C, there are different types of variables (defined with different keywords),

Basic Data Types

int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
float - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Characters are surrounded by single quotes

Syntax: type variableName = value;

Example : int myNum = 15;

Output Variable printf("Hello World!");

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int myNum = 15;
printf(myNum);
return 0;
}
 Variables Name
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• Names should be unique identifiers

• Names can contain letters, digits and underscores

• Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)

• Names are case-sensitive (myVar and myvar are different variables)

• Names cannot contain whitespaces or special characters like !, #, %, etc.

• Reserved words (such as int) cannot be used as names

 Print Variable Value
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int m = 15; int my = 15; // Integer (whole number)

printf("%d", m); float myF = 5.99; // Floating point number
char myL = 'D'; // Character

// Print variables
printf("%d\n", my);
Print value without variable printf("%f\n", myF);
#include <stdio.h> printf("%c\n", myL);
int main()
{ Da
ta M
printf("My favorite number is: %d\n", 15); Diff ay
ere be
printf("My favorite letter is: %c", 'D'); nt
return 0;
}
 Change value & Add Variables
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#include <stdio.h>
void main() #include <stdio.h>
{ int main()
int m = 15; {
m = 100; int x = 5;
printf("%d", myNum); int y = 6;
} int sum = x + y;
printf("%d", sum);
Check the code and find error & correct them return 0;
}
 Multiple Variables
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Example
Syntax #include <stdio.h>
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50; void main()
printf("%d", x + y + z); {
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50;
printf("%d", x + y + z);
}

Assignment 1
Write Program in C Language to display student’s details like Name, Course , Roll
no, Phone number, Grade , Year with proper flow chart.
 Operators
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• Operators are symbols, that represent operations.

• Performed on one or more operands
• Operators can be defined as basic symbols that help us work on logical and mathematical
operations.
 Arithmetic Operators
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 Arithmetic Operators Examples
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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
#include <stdio.h> int x = 5;
int main() int y = 2;
{ printf("%d", x % y);
int x = 5; return 0;
#include <stdio.h> printf("%d", --x); }
int main() return 0;
{ }
int x = 5;
printf("%d", ++x);
return 0;
}
 Assignment Operators
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Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

assignment operator (=)  int x = 10 ( Assign Integer value 10 to variable [ x] ) Value

addition assignment operator (+=)
of
int x = 10; X ???
x += 5;.

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x = 10;
x += 5;
printf("%d", x);

}
 Assignment Operators
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= (Assignment)- Used to assign a value from right side operand to left side operand.

+= (Addition Assignment)- To store the sum of both the operands to the left side operand.

-= (Subtraction Assignment) – To store the difference of both the operands to the left side operand.

*= (Multiplication Assignment) – To store the product of both the operands to the left side

operand.

/= (Division Assignment) – To store the division of both the operands to the left side operand.
 Assignment Operators
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Give the Output of

following operators
 Logical Operators
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Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values, by

combining multiple conditions.

&&

||

!
 Logical Operators Example
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h> int main()
int main() {
{ int x = 5;
int x = 5; int y = 3;
int y = 3; printf("%d", x > 3 || x < 4);
printf("%d", x > 3 && x < 10); return 0;
return 0; }
}
#include <stdio.h>
Void main()
Out Put {
??? int x = 5;
int y = 3;
printf("%d", !(x > 3 && x < 10));
}
 Comparison Operators
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Comparison operators are used to compare two values (or variables).

Because it helps us to find answers and make decisions.

The return value  of a comparison is either 1 or 0, which means true (1) or false (0)
 Comparison Operators
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 Comparison Operators
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#include <stdio.h>
void main() #include <stdio.h>
{ int main()
int x = 5; {
int y = 5; int x = 5;
printf("%d", x == y); int y = 3;
} printf("%d", x <= y);
return 0;
#include <stdio.h> }
void main()
{
int x = 5;
int y = 3;
printf("%d", x != y);
}
 Miscellaneous Operators
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 sizeof – It returns the memory occupied by the particular data type of the operand.

 & (Pointer) – It refers to the address (memory location) in which the operand is stored.

 * (Pointer) – It is a pointer operator

 ? (Condition) – It is an alternative for if-else condition

 Bitwise Operators
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& (Bitwise AND) – Converts the value of both the operands into binary form and
performs AND operation bit by bit.
| (Bitwise OR) – Converts the value of both the operands into binary form and performs
OR operation bit by bit.
^ (Bitwise exclusive OR) – Converts the value of both the operands into binary form and
performs EXCLUSIVE OR operation bit by bit.
~ (One’s complement operator): Converts the operand into its complementary form.
<< – Left shift
>> – Right shift
 Operator Precedence and Associativity
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• The concept of operator precedence and associativity helps  [in determining]

• which operators will be given priority.

• when there are multiple operators in the expression.

• It is very common for compiler [first evaluates the operator with higher precedence]

• It helps to maintain the ambiguity of the expression and helps to avoiding unnecessary use of

parenthesis.
 Operator Precedence and Associativity
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 Operator Precedence and Associativity
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 Operator Precedence and Associativity
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 Operator Precedence and Associativity
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 Operator Precedence and Associativity
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 Formatting input/output
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There are two kinds of console input/output functions -

Formatted input/output functions.
Unformatted input/output functions.
 Unformatted input/output
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Unformatted console input/output functions are used to read a input from the user at console

It also allows us to display the value in the output to the user at the console.

Assignment 2:
Explain the given functions of
Formatted and unformatted with
proper example
 Unformatted input/output
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Web Links
https://www.javatpoint.com/c-operators

https://data-flair.training/blogs/operators-in-c-and-cpp/

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_operators.htm

https://byjus.com/gate/operators-in-c/

Book Reference

Let US C  Yashwant Kanitkar

Programming in C  E Balagurusamy
Programmin in ANSI C  Tata McGraw-Hill
 Assessment Test
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Quiz