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Understanding Normalization

The document discusses data normalization, outlining the characteristics of Unnormalized Form (UNF) and the principles of First (1NF), Second (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). It details the steps for applying normalization techniques, along with the advantages such as reduced redundancy and improved data integrity, and disadvantages like increased complexity and potential performance impacts. The conclusion emphasizes normalization's importance for effective database management despite its challenges.

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feda
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3 views

Understanding Normalization

The document discusses data normalization, outlining the characteristics of Unnormalized Form (UNF) and the principles of First (1NF), Second (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). It details the steps for applying normalization techniques, along with the advantages such as reduced redundancy and improved data integrity, and disadvantages like increased complexity and potential performance impacts. The conclusion emphasizes normalization's importance for effective database management despite its challenges.

Uploaded by

feda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Data

Normalization
Understanding Unnormalised Form
(UNF)
• Data in UNF contains redundant and repeated
information.

• Characteristics:
• - Multiple values in a single field.
• - Data inconsistencies and anomalies.
• - Difficult to manage and update.
Principles of First Normal Form
(1NF)
• Requirement: Ensure atomicity and eliminate
duplicate columns.

• Key Features:
• - Each column contains only atomic
(indivisible) values.
• - No repeating groups or arrays.
• - A unique identifier (Primary Key) is used.
Principles of Second Normal Form
(2NF)
• Requirement: Remove partial dependencies.

• Key Features:
• - Data must be in 1NF.
• - Ensure that all non-key attributes depend on
the entire primary key.
• - Divide tables to remove partial
dependencies.
Principles of Third Normal Form
(3NF)
• Requirement: Remove transitive
dependencies.

• Key Features:
• - Data must be in 2NF.
• - No attribute should depend on a non-key
attribute.
• - Create separate tables to maintain
dependencies only on primary keys.
Applying Normalisation Techniques
• Step 1: Identify repeating groups and non-
atomic values.
• Step 2: Organize data into 1NF, ensuring
atomicity.
• Step 3: Apply 2NF by eliminating partial
dependencies.
• Step 4: Apply 3NF by removing transitive
dependencies.

• Example: Demonstrating normalization on a


Advantages of Normalisation
• Reduces redundancy and data duplication.
• Improves data integrity and consistency.
• Enhances data retrieval efficiency.
• Simplifies database maintenance and updates.
Disadvantages of Normalisation
• Increased complexity in database design.
• Requires additional table joins, which may
impact query performance.
• Can be difficult to implement for large,
existing databases.
Conclusion
• Normalization organizes data efficiently while
reducing redundancy.
• It follows structured steps from UNF to 3NF
for consistency.
• Despite some challenges, it remains a
fundamental practice for effective database
management.
Q&A
• Feel free to ask any questions!

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