C O N C E P T S O F

ORGANIC
AGRICULTUR
E
TOPICS
• Traditional
Agriculture
• Sustainable
Agriculture
• Conventional
Agriculture
• Biodynamic
Agriculture
WHAT IS
ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE?
A holistic production
management system that
promotes and enhances
agro- ecosystem health,
including biodiversity,
biological cycles, and soil
biological activity
Three different driving forces can
be SERVICE-DRIVEN ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
identified for organic agriculture:
driven organic agriculture. In countries such as the
CONSUMER OR MARKET European Union (EU), subsidies for organic
DRIVEN ORGANIC agriculture are available to generate environmental
AGRICULTURE goods and services, such as reducing groundwater
pollution or creating a more biologically diverse and
Products are clearly identified scape.
through certification and
labeling. Consumers make FARMER-DRIVEN ORGANIC
conscious decisions about how AGRICULTURE
their food is produced,
Some farmers believe that conventional agriculture
processed, handled, and
is unsustainable and have developed alternative
marketed. modes of production to improve their family health,
farm economies, and/or self-reliance
TRADITIONAL
AGRCULTURE

Traditional agriculture refers

to farming practices that have Characteristics :
been used or generations, often • Reliance on natural resources
relying on local knowledge, • Manual labor
natural resources, and manual • Small-scale farming
labor • Crop diversity
• Emphasis on sustainability
• Conservation of resource
PRACTICES AND METHODS
OF FARMING IN
TRADITIONAL
AGRICULTURE
• Terrace Farming
• Crop Rotation
• Intercropping
• Agroforestry
• Shifting Cultivation
• Manual Plowing and Tilling
• Mulching
• Water harvesting and
irrigation
• Selective Breeding
• Dryland Farming
• Biological Pest Control
 ADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF
TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL
AGRICULTURE
• Agriculture inspires people AGRICULTURE
• Environmental Impact
• Agriculture preserves • Low Yields
Ecosystems • Vulnerability to Climate
• Agriculture creates habitats
• Agriculture sets back ecological
Change
succession
• Pest and Disease
• Agriculture boosts soil fertility Susceptibility
• Agriculture sequesters carbon • Labor Intensity
• Agriculture retains soil and • Limited Access to Technolog
prevents erosion Market Access
• Agriculture has a role in the • Dependence on Weather
water cycle • Nutritional Limitations
• Agriculture can conserve water • Resource Depletion
• Agriculture provides food from
limited source
 ADVANTAGES OF
TRADITIONAL
•
FARMING
Cost- Effectiveness
• Ease of Use
• Adaptability

IMPACT OF
TRADITIONAL
AGRICULTURE TO THE
ENVIRONMENT
• AGROFORESTRY
• SLASH AND BURN
• SHIFTING CULTIVATION
SUSTAINABLE Practices of Sustainable
Agriculture :
AGRCULTURE • Agroforestry practices
• Crop rotation
Sustainable describes
farming systems that are • Integrated Pest
capable of maintaining their Management
productivity and usefulness to • Livestock and Pasture
society indefinitely.
Management
Sustainable describes farming
systems that are capable of
maintaining their productivity
and usefulness to society
indefinitely.
 BENEFITS OF
AGROFORESTRY AGROFORESTRY
PRACTICES
the intentional combination • Environmental Impact
of agriculture and forestry to - improves soil fertility
create productive and - reduces erosion
sustainable land use practices. - conserves biodiversity and
mitigates climate
• Economic
- increases farm productivity
- provides diverse income
streams
- reduces financial risk
• Social
- enhances food security
- supports rural livelihoods
 CROP ROTATION
the practice of planting
different crops sequentially on
BENEFITS OF
the same plot of land to improve AGROFORESTRY
soil health, optimize nutrients in • Increase the yielding capacity
the soil, and combat pest and of the crops
weed pressure. • Balance of nitrogen is
maintained
• Improve the soil structure
• Ensures water conservation
• Pest control and weed
management
 INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT
an ecosystem-based
strategy that focuses
on long term
prevention of pests or
their damage through a
combination of
techniques such as
biological control,
habitat manipulation,
modification of cultural
practices, and use of
resistant varieties.
CONVENTION IMPORTANCE
• FEEDING THE WORLD
AL • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• TECHNOLOGICAL
AGRCULTURE
Also called "Industrial ACHIEVEMENTS
Agriculture". Relies heavily on CONCEPT OF
synthetic inputs (fertilizers, CONVENTIONAL
pesticides, herbicides, GMOs) • MONOCULTURE
to maximize crop yields and • MECHANIZATION
efÏciency. Common practices • SYNTHETIC INPUTS
include large scale • INTENSIVE LAND USE
monoculture production, GOALS
mechanization, and intensive • MAXIMIZE CROP YIELD
land use. • FOOD SECURITY
• EFÏCIENCY
ANDPROFITABILITY
 ADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF
CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL
GRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
• Harmful effects on the
• Higher Yields
• Established Practices
environment and surrounding
• Greater EfÏciency ecosystems.
• Improved Pest and Disease • Use chemical and synthetic
Management pesticides, fertilizers,
• Economic Growth herbicide.
• Soil degradation.
• Product obtained will have
chemical residues.
• Intensive irrigation.
BIODYDAMIC
AGRCULTURE
Biodynamic The focus of
agriculture is a type of Biodynamic
agriculture that works Agriculture is
with the forces that developing and
give life to the earth maintaining a
It is considered as healthy soil organism
one of the most through the use of
sustainable forms of manure, crop-
agriculture. rotation, cover
cropping and special
preparations.
 DISCOVERED
BIODYNAMIC
FARMING
Biodynamics was CORE PRINCIPLES OF
introduced in the 1920's BIODYNAMIC
by an Austrian scientist AGRICULTURE
and philosopher
• The farm is a self-contained,
individual entity
• Maintaining and improving
the health of the soil is the
primary way in which the farm
progresses and evolves
• Healthy soil protects the local
environment and leads to the
production of high-quality
Rudolf Steiner crops
 BENEFITS OF
BIODYBANIC
• AGRICULTURE
Natural pest and disease control is
accomplished through acquired plant and COSMIC RHYTHMS
animal immunities that are developed by
breeding and raising all animals on the • Biodynamic farming
farm. acknowledges the
• Animal wastes are recycled as compost influences of celestial
to help nourish the plants that feed rhythms, lunar
animals and humans. cycles, and planetary
• The farm grows high protein grass and alignments on
other grains to feed the animals that are agricultural activities.
raised.
• All fertilizers and compost used to
enhance the soil are produced on the
farm.
• Inter-planting various crops and flowers
CONCEPT OF ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
The concept of organic agriculture was
developed in the early 1900s by:

Albert Howard Franklin Hiram Rudolf Steiner

King
 -“An Agricultural Testament”
(1943)
- “The Soil and Health” (1947)
- Natural approach to building
soil fertility, return wastes to
the
soil
Jerome Irving Cohen also
-Lady Eve Balfour, “The Living
known as J.I. Rodale coined Soil”
the word “organic” (1940’s) (1948)
and principal figure in U.S. -Ecological farming Rachel
organic agriculture Carson, “Silent Spring” (1962)
PHILOSOPHY

• Human health tied

Achievement 02Achievement 02
to the
environment

• Healthy soil is the foundation

• “FEED THE SOIL TO FEED THE PLANT

Achievement 02Achievement 02
PRINCIPLES OF
ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
There are 4 principles of organic agriculture according to the
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM)

• PRINCIPLE OF
HEALTH
• PRINCIPLE OF
ECOLOGY
• PRINCIPLE OF
FAIRNESS
• PRINCILPE OF CARE
• Principle of Health – Health encompasses wholeness and integrity of
living systems. Key characteristics of health: immunity, resilience, and
regeneration. Organic agriculture's role: sustain and enhance ecosystem
and organism health.

• Principle of Ecology – Based on ecological processes and recycling.

Align with natural cycles and local conditions. Protect and benefit the
environment.

• Principle of Fairness –Fairness involves equity, respect, justice, and

stewardship. Manage resources socially and ecologically justly for future
generations. Production, distribution, and trade systems must be open,
equitable, and account for environmental and social costs.

• Principle of Care – Assess and review technologies carefully. Prioritize

precaution and responsibility. Avoid risky technologies; prioritize
transparency and inclusivity
 ” Organic
Agriculture in
Action”
Real-life agricultural scenario examples:
Health: A farm wants to reduce pesticide use but
is worried about pest control.
Ecology: A farmer wants to use natural methods
to improve soil fertility.
Fairness: A coffee plantation wants to ensure fair
wages for workers.
Care: A dairy farm wants to reduce its carbon
footprint.
1. Which principle do you think is the most
important? Why?
2. How can these principles be applied in our

local community?
Short Quiz: Principles of Organic Agriculture
Name: _______________
Date: _______________
Instructions: Answer the following questions based on what you have learned about the
Principles of Organic Agriculture.
Multiple Choice (Choose the correct answer)
1.Which principle of organic agriculture focuses on maintaining the well-being of soil,
plants, animals, and humans?
a) Ecology
b) Health
c) Fairness
d) Care
2.A farmer introduces natural predators like ladybugs to control pests instead of using
chemical pesticides. This is an example of which principle?
a) Health
b) Fairness
c) Ecology
d) Care
4. Fair wages and safe working conditions for farmworkers align with which principle?
a) Ecology
b) Health
c) Care
d) Fairness
5. Planting trees around a farm to absorb carbon dioxide and support biodiversity relates to which
principle?
a) Health
b) Ecology
c) Fairness
d) Care
6. A dairy farm installs solar panels to power its operations and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
Which two principles does this support the most?
a) Health and Fairness
b) Fairness and Ecology
c) Ecology and Care
d) Care and Health
7. Give one example of how the Principle of Fairness can be
applied in organic agriculture
.
The Goals of Organic Agriculture according to
International Federation of Organic Agriculture
Movement (IFOAM)
• TO IMPROVE DRAWBACKS OF GREEN REVOLUTION
• TO IMPROVE RAPIDLY DEGRADING SOIL FERTILITY
• TO REDUCE COST OF CULTIVATION
• TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
• TO SOLVE HEALTH PROBLEMS
• REDUCING HIGH ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS OF
GREENHOUSE GASES
• TO CONTROL PEST AND DISEASES
• EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES
THANK YOU