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Introduction-to-Synchronization-in-Java

Synchronization in Java is essential for ensuring data consistency and thread safety when multiple threads access shared resources. Key concepts include race conditions, deadlocks, synchronized blocks and methods, and the use of volatile keywords, locks, semaphores, and atomic variables. Best practices for synchronization involve understanding potential issues, selecting appropriate mechanisms, minimizing critical sections, and avoiding deadlocks.

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gauravjanmare07
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2 views

Introduction-to-Synchronization-in-Java

Synchronization in Java is essential for ensuring data consistency and thread safety when multiple threads access shared resources. Key concepts include race conditions, deadlocks, synchronized blocks and methods, and the use of volatile keywords, locks, semaphores, and atomic variables. Best practices for synchronization involve understanding potential issues, selecting appropriate mechanisms, minimizing critical sections, and avoiding deadlocks.

Uploaded by

gauravjanmare07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Synchronization in
Java
Synchronization in Java is a fundamental concept for ensuring data
consistency and thread safety. When multiple threads access and
modify shared resources, synchronization techniques are essential
to avoid race conditions and ensure data integrity.

by Gaurav Janmare

CLASS:TYBSC(CS) ROLL NO :37

SUB: JAVA
Threads and Concurrency
Threads in Java allow concurrent execution, enabling multiple tasks to
run simultaneously. However, concurrency brings challenges like data
races, where multiple threads access shared data without
coordination, leading to unexpected and incorrect results.

1 Race Conditions 2 Deadlock


Occur when multiple Happens when two or more
threads access and modify threads are blocked
shared data concurrently, indefinitely, waiting for
leading to unpredictable each other to release
and potentially incorrect resources, creating a
results. stalemate.

3 Livelock
A situation where threads are constantly trying to access a
resource but are repeatedly failing, leading to wasted resources
and no progress.
Synchronized Blocks and Methods
Synchronized blocks and methods provide the foundation for synchronized access to shared resources in Java. They
create a critical section where only one thread can execute at a time, ensuring data integrity and preventing race
conditions.

Synchronized Blocks Synchronized Methods

Define a specific section of code that needs exclusive Apply synchronization to entire methods, ensuring that
access. Threads acquire a lock before entering the only one thread can execute the method at a time. This
block and release it upon exiting. simplifies synchronization when the entire method
requires exclusive access.
Volatile Keyword
The volatile keyword in Java guarantees visibility and ordering for
shared variables across threads. It ensures that any changes made
to the variable by one thread are immediately visible to other
threads.

Visibility
Ensures that changes to a volatile variable made by
one thread are immediately visible to other threads.

Ordering
Guarantees that operations on volatile variables are
performed in the order they are written in the code,
avoiding reordering by the compiler or processor.
Locks and Conditions
Locks in Java are synchronization primitives that allow only one
thread to acquire a lock at a time. They provide fine-grained
control over thread synchronization and allow for efficient
management of shared resources.

ReentrantLock Condition
A reentrant lock allows a Conditions are used in
thread to acquire the lock conjunction with locks to
multiple times, enabling enable threads to wait until
recursive locking scenarios. specific conditions are met.
It offers more flexibility than Threads can signal other
synchronized blocks and threads when a condition is
methods, but requires satisfied, allowing for
manual management of lock efficient synchronization
acquisition and release. based on specific events.
Semaphores and Barriers
Semaphores and barriers are synchronization mechanisms that provide advanced synchronization capabilities
beyond simple locks and conditions. They enable more complex coordination among threads, controlling access to
shared resources and managing synchronization events.

Semaphore Controls access to a limited number of resources by


acquiring permits.

Barrier Synchronizes multiple threads, ensuring that all


threads reach a specific point in their execution
before proceeding.
Atomic Variables
Atomic variables in Java provide thread-safe operations on basic data types like integers,
long, and booleans, ensuring that operations on these variables are performed as a single
atomic operation.

AtomicInteger
Provides thread-safe operations for integers, like incrementing, decrementing, and
comparing-and-swapping.

AtomicLong
Similar to AtomicInteger, but for long values.

AtomicBoolean
Provides thread-safe operations for boolean values, like setting, getting, and comparing-and-swapping.
Conclusion and Best Practices
Synchronization in Java is crucial for building reliable and efficient concurrent applications. By choosing appropriate synchronization
mechanisms and adhering to best practices, developers can ensure data integrity and prevent race conditions.

Understand the Problem 1


Identify the shared resources and the potential for race
conditions.
2 Choose the Right Mechanism
Select the most appropriate synchronization primitive for
the specific situation, considering factors like
Minimize Critical Sections 3 performance and complexity.
Keep synchronized code blocks as small as possible to
minimize the time threads spend waiting for locks.
4 Use Locks Strategically
Acquire locks only when necessary and release them as
soon as possible to avoid unnecessary blocking.
Avoid Deadlocks 5
Design your code carefully to avoid scenarios where
threads can block each other indefinitely.

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