PYTHON CONCEPTS:-

BY:- AKASH KUMAR

TABLE OF CONTENT:-
 About Python
-Features
 Variables
 Operators
 Input() and output() function
 Data Types
 Mutable data types
-list [ ]
-sets { }
-dictionary{keys : values}
 Immutable data types
-Tuple()
-string
 Conditional statement
-if else
 Looping statement
- for loop
ABOUT PYTHON:-

 Python is simplest and general-purpose

interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and
high-level programming language.
 It was created by Guido van Rossum during

1985- 1990.
 Python is Open source.

 Python is platform Independent .

 Python is Object-Oriented

 Python is a Beginner's language.

FEATURES OF PYTHON:-
VARIABLES :-
 Variables can be
define as the name of
memory allocated by
the name.
Or:- it is like a
container that stores
the value assign to it.
Example:-
a=5  a is variable or
memory name
allocated to value 5.
OPERATORS:-
THEY ARE THE SPECIAL SYMBOLS THAT DESIGNATE THAT SOME
SORT OF COMPUTATION SHOULD BE PERFORM.
1. Arithmetic operators :- Operators that are use
to perform arithmetic operations.
Example:- Addition ‘+’
Subtraction ‘-’
Multiply ‘*’
Divide ‘/’
2. Assignment operators :- Operators that used
to assign the value of variable.
Example:- Equals to ‘=‘
=+  a+=b  a= a+b.
‘-=’ , ‘*=’ .
3. Comparison Operators :- Operators the are
use to compare two values or variable.
Example:- ‘==’  used to check equal relation
‘<’, ‘>’  checks greater or lesser relation
‘<=’, ‘=>’  checks greater equal or lesser
equal
4. Logical operator :- Operators that performs
logical operations.
Example:- OR ‘||’  works on ‘or’ gate (having one
true condition, give true result)
AND ‘&&’  works on ‘and’ gate (gives true result,
if
having both conditions true)
5. Identity operator :- Operator use to check
identity like ‘==’ or ‘!=’. Represent by ‘is’ and
‘is not’.

6. Membership operation :- Operator use to

check presence of any variable or value in list or
any data type. Represent by ‘in’ and ‘not in’.
INPUT AND OUTPUT FUNCTION:-
1) Output function :- function use to display
any massage on console screen.
 syntax:-
print()
example:-
print(“any massage”)
2) Input function :- function use to take any
input from user.
 syntax:-
variable_name=input(“massage”)
Example:-
a=input(“Enter any value: ”)
DATA TYPES IN PYTHON:-
MUTABLE DATA TYPES:-
 They are the type of data type that can be
change / modify
1) List :- Can hold multiple data-type values.
 It is defined by [ ],
 It is ordered,
 It allow duplicates
Syntax:-
list_name=[#data]
Example:-
list=[1,2,3,4,5, “hello”, “brother”]
 METHODS ON LIST:-
1) .index(#element name):- Use 3) .append(element):- use to
to fine the index number of add any element in list at
required element in list. end.
Syntax:- Syntax:-
a= list_name.index(element list_name.append(element)
name) 4) .pop():- use to remove any
element from list from required
print(list_name.index(eleme value as well from last position.
nt name)) or Syntax:-
print(a) listname.pop(#index no.) from
2) .insert(index no. , element required index
wants to add):- use to insert listname.pop()from last
any element in list at any
5) .remove(element name):- use
position.
to remove element by name.
Syntax:- Syntax:-
list_name.insert(index listname.remove(name)
no. , element)
6) .extend(list to add):- 8) .sort():- use to sort
use to merge two lists element in ascending or
in a single list. descending order.
Syntax:- Syntax:-
lisneme[list in you Listname.sort()in incre.
wants
tomurgeanother].exten Listname.sort(reverse=tru
d(list to be added) e)  in desce.
List1.extend(list2) 9).clear():- use to clear the
all element of a list.
7) .reverse():- use to Syntax:-
reverse the elements Listname.clear()
of list. 10)delet:- use to dlt the list
Syntax:- Syntax:-
listname.reverse() dlt listname
MUTABLE DATA TYPES:-
 They are the type of data type that can be
change / modify
2) Sets :- Can’t hold multiple data-type values.
 It is defined by { },
 It is unordered,
 not allow duplicates
Syntax:-
set_name={#data}
Example:-
set={ “hello”, “brother”, “how", "are”,
“you”}
set={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
MUTABLE DATA TYPES:-
 They are the type of data type that can be
change / modify
3) Dictionary:- Can hold multiple data-type
values.
 It is defined by {key : value }, key(unique)
 It is unordered,
 not allow duplicates
Syntax:-
dict_name={key : values}
Example:-
Dict={“name” : “Akash”, “class” : 5 , “section” :
“A”}
DICTIONARY METHODS:-
1) To update dictionary
5) To get know the values of
data:-
dictionary:-
dict[“address”]=[“Panchk
Print(dict.values())
ula”]
6) To get know the items of
dict.update([“state”:”Hr”]
dictionary:-
)
Print(dict.items())
2) To print values by their
keys:- 7) To pop element by its
Print(dict[“keyname”]) key:-
3) To get know the name dict.pop(“state”)
of keys:- 8) To pop whole item from
Print(dict.keys()) last in dictionary:-
4) To empty whole dict.:- dict.popitem()
Dict.clear()
IMMUTABLE DATA TYPES:-
 They are the type of data type that can not
be change / modify
1) Tuple:- Can hold multiple data-type values.
 It is defined by ( ),
 It is ordered,
 It allow duplicates
Syntax:-
tuple_name=(#data)
Example:-
a=(“Akash”, “Aditya”, “Atul”)
METHODS ON TUPLE:-
1) To display tuple elements by their indexes:-
Print(a[0]) 0th index
Print(a[1]) 1th index
Print(a[2]) 2th index
Print(a[0:3])
2) To convert tuple into a list:-
listname=list(tuplename)
 now you can performe list methods.
3) To convert list into tuple:-
tuple_name=tuple(list_name)
IMMUTABLE DATA TYPES:-
 They are the type of data type that can not be change
/ modify
2) Strings :- Collection of all characters, numeric and
symbols assign within single, double or triple quotes.
 It is represented within ‘ ’ , “ ”, and “ ”.
Syntax:-
Print(‘#string/massages’)
Print(“#string/massages”)
Print(“‘#string/massages’”)print as massage
written
example:-
print(“gfd3232849”)
METHODS ON STRING:-
1) .isupper() true false result
2) .islower()true false result
3) .formate(“modificaton”)used to modify
4) .find(“any element in string”)give index no.
5) .index (“any element in string”)  give index
no.
6) .isalpha() true false result
7) .isdigit() true false result
8) .isalnum true false result
9) .split()  to convert string into list
CONDITIONS STATEMENT:-
 They are used to make  If elif ladder, used to make
decision between more than two
decision between two statements
conditions. Syntax:-
if condition:
Syntax:-
#body
if condition: elif condition:
#body #body
else:
else: #body
#body example:-
a=5
example:- b=6
a=5 c=9
if a>b && a>c:
b=6 print(a,“ is greater”)
if a>b: if b>a && b>c:
print(b,“ is greater”)
print(a,“ is greater”)
else:
FOR LOOP:-
 Loops are used to do repetitions until given
condition become false.
 This loop is use when we know number of

repetition
 Syntax:-

for variable in
range(start,condition,stepping) :
#body
Range():- Take three parameters
1st as starting point
2nd as condition point
3rd as stepping/increment/decrement
FOR LOOP:-
Example:- to print 5’s table
a=5
for i in range(1,11):
print(a, “*”,i “=”,a*i)

Output:-
5*1=5 5*6=30
5*2=10 5*7=35
5*3=15 5*8=40
5*4=20 5*9=45
5*5=25 5*10=50
WHILE LOOP:-
 Loops are used to do repetitions until given
condition become false.
 This loop is use when we do not know number

of repetition
 Syntax:-

initialization
while condition:
#body
increament/decreament
WHILE LOOP:-
Example:- to print 5’s table
a=5
i=0
While i<=10:
print(a, “*”,i “=”,a*i)

Output:-
5*1=5 5*6=30
5*2=10 5*7=35
5*3=15 5*8=40
5*4=20 5*9=45
5*5=25 5*10=50
FUNCTIONS:-
A functions is a block of code, that only runs
when we call it.
 We can pass data as parameters into

function.
 When a function runs , it takes data as

argument if we declared some parameter

into it.
 Creating a function:-

In python we defined a function by using

keyword “def” before declaring
fn_name
 Calling a function:-

use function name followed by parenthesis.

FUNCTION CREATING AND
CALLING:-
 Function creating:-  Function calling:-
Syntax:- Syntax:-
def fn_name():
#body fn_name(argument)
Example:-
def my_function(): Example:-
print(“hello”) my_function()
print(“how are
u?”)  output:-

hello
how are u?
Thank you