Fall Protection Training

Disclaimer
This material was produced under grant number SH-16603-07-60-F-24 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This presentation is intended to discuss Federal Regulations only your individual State requirements may be more stringent as many states operate their own state OSHA and they may have adopted construction standards that are different from information presented in this training. If you live in a state with an OSHA approved state plan, you should contact your local administrator for further information on the standards applicable in your state. These materials are meant for informational purposes only. No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation.

Disclaimer, cont.
It is not the intent to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the residential construction (i.e. home building) industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many construction workplaces. Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/safety requirements. No legal advice is offered or implied, and no attorney-client relationship is intended or established. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional person should be sought. It is the responsibility of the employer and its employees to comply with all pertinent OSHA/safety rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work.

Introduction
Falls are the leading cause of serious and fatal injuries in residential construction. The goals of this course are to help you:
understand how to correct or eliminate fall hazards on your job sites understand the OSHA fall protection requirements

Introduction, cont.
The course is based on the NAHB-OSHA Fall Protection Handbook and Fall Protection Video. Participants can use the information from this seminar to:
Implement a fall protection plan Provide training to employees

Course Objectives
1. Identify the importance of fall protection. 2. Recognize fall hazards that are common in residential construction. 3. Determine the appropriate fall protection system and method to use for a given hazard. 4. Identify OSHA fall protection requirements. 5. Identify safe work practices for framing operations, roofing operations, and other leading edge work activities. 6. Identify safe work practices for ladders and scaffolding.

Course Agenda
Section 1: Overview of Fall Protection Section 2: Fall Protection Systems Section 3: Framing Operations And Other Safe Work Practices Section 4: Roofing Operations Section 5: Ladder and Scaffold Safety

Section 1

Overview of Fall Protection

Learning Objectives: Section 1

State why fall protection is important. Identify common fall hazards in residential construction. Define residential construction. Understand the importance of fall protection training and written fall protection plans. Understand competent person requirements.

Why Is Fall Protection Important?

Falls are still the leading cause of residential construction fatalities. 49% of all residential construction fatalities are from falls. 120 (of 242) residential construction workers died from fatal falls in 2004.

Where Are Fatal Falls Occurring?

Fall from Scaffold 11% Fall from Vehicle 3%

Fall to lower level 15%

Fall from Roof 47%

Fall from ladder 24%

Source: 2004 BLS CFOI Selected Characteristics Due to Falls

Residential Fall Fatalities

Fall Event 2003 2004 % Increase

From Roof

38

48

26%

From Ladder

14

29

107%

From Scaffold
Source: BLS CFOI Data/OSHA

15

16

7%

Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations In Construction Top 10

Fall Protection- Unprotected sides & edges
501(b)(1) - M
1660

Citations
1374

Fall protection Residential construction 6 or more Head protection

1353

Standard & Subpart - 1926

501(b)(13) - M 100(a) - E

Scaffolds - Fall protection

451(g)(1) - L
1232

Scaffolds - Access
451(e)(1) - L 453(b)(2)(v) - L
980

Aerial lifts Body belt & lanyard

935

Excavations - Protection of employees

652(a)(1) - P 451(b)(1) - L 503(a)(1) - M 1053(b)(1) - X
802 907

Scaffolds - Platform construction

892

Fall hazards training program

851

Portable ladders 3 feet above landing surface

Recent News
A wood-framing company based in Fort Worth, has been fined $118,000 by OSHA for failing to protect employees from falls. OSHA cites construction company for exposing workers to fall hazards at a Savannah, Ga., home building site. The agency is proposing penalties totaling $38,900.

Fatal Accidents
Accident #1 What are the fall hazards?

A worker was walking along a one-story pitched roof on a residential structure as he was installing flashing around PVC pipe roof vents. He was near the peak of the roof, when he fell through a fireplace chimney opening.
The worker fell at least 20 ft. (6.1 m) to the fireplace pit area and was killed. The roof hole had been covered with approximately 1 inch (3.8 cm) flat Styrofoam sheeting.

Fatal Accidents, cont.

Accident #2 What are the fall hazards?

A drywall finisher was sanding the ceiling in a second floor hallway.

He was standing on an open-sided floor above the concrete first floor, when he slipped off the edge and fell 10 ft. (3 m) to the first floor and sustained fatal injuries. Guardrails had been in place previously but had been removed to move supplies such as doors, drywall, and windows to the second floor.

Fatal Accidents, cont.

Accident #3 What are the fall hazards?

Two workers were installing new gutters on a house. One worker was using a 6 ft. (1.8 m) aluminum stepladder, and his coworker was on an extension ladder.
The worker on the stepladder lost his balance and fell from the ladder striking his head on a concrete walkway. He suffered a severe skull fracture and died.

Fatal Accidents, cont.

Accident #4 What are the fall hazards?

A worker was installing exterior siding on a townhouse. The worker set up the base of the extension ladder on the first story roof. While he was working from the ladder, the ladder kicked out at the bottom; the worker fell approximately 22 ft. (6.7 m) and sustained fatal injuries.

Identifying Fall Hazards

Activity #1

Where Do You Start?

Understand OSHA Fall Protection Regulations. Develop a written fall protection plan. Train workers to identify hazards. Appoint a competent person responsible for fall protection.

What is Residential Construction?

Residential construction is typically defined as construction activity performed on structures where the working environment, materials, methods, and procedures are essentially the same as those used in building a typical singlefamily home or townhouse.

Is This Residential Construction?

Is This Residential Construction?

Is This Residential Construction?

Fall Protection Plan

A fall protection plan identifies how and where fall protection will be used on the jobsite and identifies the safe work practices that will be used.
Fall protection plans are covered in detail in Section 3.

OSHA Regulations Standards 29 C.F.R. 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction Subpart M, Appendix E Sample Fall
Protection Plan

Fall Protection Training

Employers must train employees to: Identify fall hazards Take appropriate action to protect themselves Use safe work practices Use fall protection equipment Understand the requirements of their companys fall protection plan

Competent Person Responsibilities

Designated competent person: Has the knowledge and experience needed to identify fall hazards Has authority to eliminate fall hazards Has authority to stop work if unsafe conditions exists
The CP is smart and powerful!

Competent Person Responsibilities,

cont.

Competent person is responsible for implementing the fall protection plan

Identifying and evaluating fall hazards Establishing fall protection system to use Assessing workers use of fall protection system Conducting safety inspections

Section 2

Fall Protection Systems

Learning Objectives: Section 2

Identify when fall protection is required. Identify types of conventional fall protection systems. Determine which protection system to use for a given fall hazard. Identify key requirements and basic safety practices for each protection system.

When Is Fall Protection Required?

OSHA 1926 Subpart M Where workers on a residential construction site are exposed to vertical drops of 6 feet or more, OSHA requires that employers provide fall protection in one of two methods ways before 6 work begins: 1) Conventional Fall Protection 2) Alternative Fall Protection Covered in Section 3

Conventional Fall Protection Options

1) Guardrails

2) Covers

3) Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)

Well look at each of these.

Guardrail Systems
Barrier built to OSHA specifications; constructed to prevent workers from falling to lower levels Protects against these hazards:
Window and Wall Openings Unprotected Sides and Edges Floor Holes

Guardrail Systems Are Needed For:

Stairwell Openings Open-sided Wall Openings Second and Third Story Non-loading Bearing Walls When the Studs Are 24 OC Low (Less Than 39) Silled Windows Second and Third Story Deck Floor Holes for Open Foyers or Cat Walks Sliding Glass and French Door Openings Onto Decks and Porches Skylight Openings Cut Into the Roof

Requirements for Guardrails

Height Requirements
Toprail
42 in. (1.1 m)

Midrail
21 in. (50 cm)

Toe Board
Minimum of 3-1/2 in. (4 in. nominal) (10.2 cm)

Requirements for Guardrails, cont.

Vertical Supports
Install no more than every 8 ft. (2.4 m)

Weight Requirement
Must support at least 200 lbs. (90.9 kg) of force outward and downward along top edge

Top-rail @ 42

Mid-rail @ 21

Toeboard @ 3-1/2

Wall openings greater than 18 need to be protected

24 On Center Studs need guardrails

Guardrails During Drywall Installation

Prevent the need to remove guardrails during drywall installation:
Build guardrail uprights 6 to 12 in. (15.4 to 30.5 cm) away from where drywall will be placed

A boot type system, shown here, will allow guardrails to be installed approximately 12 in (30.5 cm) from drywall placement.

Guardrails For Elevated Workers

When using stilts, increase the height of the top edge of the top rail to an amount equal to the height of the stilts.

Double Top Rail for Workers on Stilts

Unprotected Sides/Edges
Completed decks Lofts Stair landings Ramps or runways Open-sided balconies and platforms

Greater Than 6 Fall

Requirement for Window Openings

Window openings with a 6 ft. fall hazard (1.8 m) require the installation of a guardrail system, if the bottom sill height is less than 39 in. (1.1 m).

For all window openings, the sill height determines the need for a guardrail.

Less than 39

Properly installed guard rails in low-sill windows.

Requirements for Handrails and Stair rails

Toprail
36 in. (.9 m) above the tread vertically in line with the riser Install handrail 3 from wall

Midrail
Halfway between toprail and stair stringer

Toe Board
Minimum of 3 1/2 in. (4 in. nominal) (10.2 cm)

Weight Requirement
At least 200 lbs. (90.9 kg)

Install a toprail 36 in. (.9 m) high to allow one railing to serve as both a handrail and stair rail.

Hole Covers
Secured and marked cover which protects workers from tripping or stepping into or through a hole and keeps objects from falling through a hole Protects against falls through hazards in this category:
Floor Holes

Hole Covers Are Needed For:

Any hole larger than 2 x 2, such as:
Fireplace openings Skylights Basement stair openings Floor heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) registers Plumbing floor cutouts

Requirements for Hole Covers

Hole Covers must be: Capable of supporting at least two times the maximum anticipated load Secured from movement by nailing in place or other effective method Clearly marked indicating the location of the hole

Cover floor openings larger than 2 by 2 with material to safely support the working load.

Must be marked with the word "HOLE" or "COVER

Bright orange paint is a good way to make sure hazards are seen.

Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)

Equipment comprised of an anchorage point, connectors, and a body harness; used to keep a worker from free falling from an elevated surface Protects against these hazards:
Unprotected Sides and Edges Floor Holes Leading Edges

Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS),

cont.

Components of a PFAS Requirements for Anchor Point Using a PFAS

Well look at each of these in detail.

Components of a PFAS

OR

Anchor point Lifeline Rope grab Shock absorbing lanyard Full body harness

Anchor point Self-retractable lifeline In lieu of lifeline, rope grab, and shockabsorbing lanyard Full body harness

Requirements for Anchor Point

OSHA requires that anchor points must be capable of supporting 5,000 lbs (2,273 kg) or twice the intended load.
The competent person must determine that a roof system is strong enough to support an anchor point for a PFAS.

Requirements for Anchor Point, cont.

Follow the manufacturers specifications regarding proper installation Check instructions on proper bracing techniques

Using a PFAS
Read the manufacturers information on proper use, installation, inspection, and limitations of the equipment and accessories. Inspect the components for damage and excessive wear.
Dont use a PFAS that is damaged, worn, or has previously arrested a fall. These systems should be repaired and recertified by the manufacturer before reuse or reissue.

Using a PFAS, cont.

Proper Wear: Locate the attachment of the body harness in the center of your back, near the shoulder level, or above your head.

Using a PFAS, cont.

Proper Wear: If using a retractable lifeline attach it directly to the D-ring on the full-body harness.

Safety Net Systems

System consisting of connectors and net installed below a working surface; designed to prevent a worker from contacting a lower level or structure in the event of a fall.

Hands On Demonstration

Activity #2

Section 3

Framing Operations and Other Safe Work Practices

Learning Objectives: Section 3

Identify when the use of alternative protection methods is permitted. Identify tasks/activities that may require a fall protection plan. Define Controlled Access Zone (CAZ) Identify safe work practices to use during framing operations. Identify safe work practices for foundation formwork and blockwalls, installation of exterior materials, and working in attics.

Alternative Fall Protection

DUTY: in residential construction, you must be protected if you can fall more than 6 feet. Residential Construction Exception*
When you can demonstrate that it is infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use conventional fall protection systems, you must develop and implement a fall protection plan!
*29 CFR 1926.501(b)13

Fall Protection Plan

Plan that identifies and evaluates fall hazards on a jobsite, establishes the protection methods to be used, and assesses the ability of workers to follow related work rules and use equipment safely.
A qualified person develops the plan.
A competent person implements the plan.

Fall Protection Plan, cont.

Some Tasks That Could Require Fall A Protection Plan**
Foundation formwork Installation of floor joists and sheathing Erecting exterior walls Setting & bracing roof trusses Roof sheathing Work in attics
**29 CFR 1926.502(k)

Fall Protection Plan, cont.

Write it down & keep @ jobsite Implementation/supervision by designated individuals Must include:
Reasons conventional fall protection are infeasible or create greater hazard Alternative measures to reduce or eliminate fall hazards Location and who can work in Controlled Access Zone (CAZ)

Establishing a Controlled Access Zone (CAZ)

Designated/restricted work area that may have increased hazards related to otherwise unprotected fall hazards and/or falling material Restricts access to processes found in this hazard category:
Leading Edges

Requirements for a CAZ

The competent person must: Determine where to place the boundaries of a CAZ Ensure that the requirements of the fall protection plan are in place before work begins in a CAZ Monitor workers while they are in a CAZ; correct any unsafe practices or conditions immediately The CAZ must be: Posted at the perimeter in plain view Clearly visible to a person approaching the area Restricted to authorized personnel

Framing Operations
Floor Joist/Truss Installation Installation of Floor Sheathing Building and Erecting Exterior Walls Building and Installation of Balloon-Framed Walls Installation of Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters Roof Sheathing Operations
Well look at each of these in detail.

Floor Joist/Truss Installation

First floor joists or trusses are rolled into position and secured either from the ground, ladders, or scaffolds. Each successive floor joist or truss is rolled into place and secured from:
The ground; Ladders or scaffolding; or A platform created from a sheet of plywood laid over the previously secured floor joists or trusses.

Installation of Floor Sheathing

The first row of sheathing is installed from the ground, ladders, or scaffolding. After the first row of sheathing has been installed, the remainder of the sheathing operation is done from the established deck.

Building and Erecting Exterior Walls

Only trained workers should be allowed to erect exterior walls. Paint a warning line onto deck 6 feet from edge or fall hazard. Install guardrails at window/wall openings prior to the placement of the wall section or immediately following the placement of the wall.

Installation of Balloon-Framed Walls

Four methods for installing balloon-framed walls:
Manual lifting Cranes Wall jacks Forklifts

Installation of Roof Trusses/Erecting Rafters

The first two trusses or rafters are installed from scaffolding or ladders and secured in place. After the first two trusses or rafters have been set, a worker climbs onto the interior wall top plate or previously stabilized trusses to brace or secure the peaks.

Roof Sheathing Operations

Install the first/bottom row of sheathing from the truss web or bottom cords. Install slide guards at intervals along the roof line.

Other Safe Work Practices

Foundation Formwork and Blockwalls Installation of Exterior Materials Working in Attics

Well look at each of these in detail.

Foundation Formwork and Blockwalls

Use a ladder or a secured access plank for safe access. Use multiple access points to reduce the travel distance required on top of the foundation wall. When pouring concrete for walls; consider working from a work platform such as a mobile scaffold or scaffold attached to concrete forms.

Installation of Exterior Materials

Avoid walking and working on the roof level, unless using a PFAS. Work from one of these alternatives when possible:
Ladder Scaffold Aerial lift

Working in Attics
Avoid working above foyers and stairways when possible. Use multiple access ladders to reduce the amount of travel distance required in the attic/truss area. Consider establishing a platform from which to work.

Developing A Fall Protection Plan

Activity #3

Stay Clear of Falling Objects

Do not work under or near a hazard or hazardous process. Do not allow other workers below your work area. If you are not directly involved, stay clear of these activities:
Lifting of a balloon-framed wall Truss or rafter installation Roof sheathing work Work in a attic

Protect Impalement Hazards

Guard all protruding ends of steel rebar. Use appropriate rebar caps. Bend rebar so exposed ends are no longer upright. Secure a 2x4 (5.1 x 10.2 cm) over the exposed rebar. Do not use Mushroom type caps.

Protect Impalement Hazards, cont.

Section 4

Roofing Operations

Roofing Operations
When installing shingles and other roofing material, use a PFAS. Check manufacturer instructions to determine exactly how and where to install anchor points. On most homes, multiple anchor points will be required to manage swing-fall hazards. It is also important to locate anchor points at a height that prevents striking a lower level should a fall occur.

Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) Components

4. Shock Absorbing Lanyard 5. Full Body Harness 2. Life Line

1. Anchor Point 3. Rope Grab

Swing Fall Hazard

Minimize swing falls: Work directly below the anchor. Do not extend your work zone more than 30o from the anchor. Manage the slack in the rope.

Swing Fall Hazard, cont.

Swing Fall Hazard, cont.

On most homes, multiple anchor points will be required to manage swing-fall hazards. It is also important to locate anchor points at a height that prevents striking a lower level should a fall occur.

Section 5

Ladders and Scaffolding

Learning Objectives: Section 5

Determine the proper ladder to use based on weight capacity and height. Calculate the proper pitch of extension ladders for proper set-up, and identify how to secure and stabilize ladders. Identify how to maintain a safe position when using a ladder. Identify safety requirements and practices for scaffolding, including aerial lifts.

Pick the Right Ladder

Before stepping onto a ladder, think about these things: Duty rating of the ladderwhat capacity can it hold? Height of the laddertoo short or too tall? Condition of the ladder and instructions unique to the ladder selected.
Well look at each of these in detail.

Proper Duty Rating/Capacity

OSHA Requirement Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built nor beyond their manufacturer's rated capacity.

Proper Duty Rating/Capacity,

cont.

TYPE 1AA 1A 1 II III

DUTY RATING Special Heavy Duty Extra Heavy Duty Heavy Duty Medium Duty Light Duty

USE Rugged Industrial Industrial Commercial Household

LOAD 375 Lbs. 300 Lbs. 250 Lbs. 225 Lbs. 200 Lbs.

Select a ladder with the proper duty rating for your weight and the materials you are handling.

Think About It
What do these materials weigh: A sheet of plywood A tool box with tools A bundle of shingles A 3 x 4 window

Remember: Select a ladder with the proper duty rating for your weight AND the materials you are handling.

Proper Height Extension Ladders

When using an extension ladder for access to another level, the ladder must extend at least 3 ft. (.9 m) above the landing to provide a hand hold for getting on and off the ladder.

Proper Height Extension Ladders,

cont.
Height to Gutter or Top Support Extension Ladder Height

9' max. 9' to 13' 13' to 17' 17' to 21' 21' to 25' 25' to 28' 28' to 31'

16' 20' 24' 28' 32' 36' 40'

Ladder heights are 9-11 ft. longer than the height to be reach to allow for the height/length lost when the ladder is positioned at an angle.

Proper Height Stepladders

Maximum Height You Need to Reach 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 Stepladder Height 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 12 14 16

Choose a stepladder that is no more than 4 ft. shorter than the height you want to reach.

Proper Condition and Instructions

Inspect the ladder for visible defects.
Never use a ladder that is broken or otherwise damaged. Remove damaged ladders from service and tag them as damaged.

Review the safety labels on the ladder.

Always comply with the warnings and instructions.

Ladder Labels
What type of information can be found on ladder labels?
Warnings Capacity Set-up

Determine Proper Ladder Set-up

Consider placement and pitch of the ladder Secure and stabilize the ladder

Well look at each of these in detail.

Placement Tips
Avoid setting up a ladder in high traffic areas or barricaded areas. Do not use metal or aluminum ladders near electrical lines.

Pitch Extension Ladders

Extension ladders should be used at a 4 to 1 pitch (1.2 to .3 m). For every 4 ft. (1.2 m) in height, the bottom of the ladder should be 1 ft. (.3 m) away from the structure.
Example: 20 ft. (height) 4 ft. = 5 ft. pitch

Pitch Stepladders
Stepladders are designed for use in an opened-andlocked position. Do not use a stepladder that is folded or in a leaning position

Secure and Stabilize Ladders

Extension ladders should be secured at the top or bottom to prevent movement. The base of an extension ladder must be secured in place by using the safety feet on the ladder or other effective means.

Secure and Stabilize Ladders, cont.

Secure and Stabilize Ladders, cont.

Secure and Stabilize Ladders,

cont.
Slippery Surfaces Never use a ladder on a slippery surface, unless it is secured to prevent movement.
Wet or slippery surfaces may require a cleat. Ladder feet should dig into the ground, and the ladder should be secured at the bottom to prevent movement/slipping.

Loose Soil

Firm Base

Secure and Stabilize Ladders,

cont.
Uneven Surface When the surface is not level, use a ladder leveler (accessory) to provide even contact points.

Maintain a Safe Position on Ladders

Face the ladder when ascending or descending. Maintain three points of contact at all times. Keep your body centered on the ladder. Never let your belt buckle pass either ladder siderail

Maintain a Safe Position on Ladders, cont.

Maintain a Safe Position on Ladders,

cont.

Do not overreach when working from the ladder. Do not stand on the top two rungs of a stepladder. Do not allow another person on a ladder at any given time, unless you are using a double-cleated ladder that is intended for two-way traffic.

Scaffolding
A safe alternative to using ladders is to use: Interior and Exterior Scaffolding Aerial Lifts ...if OSHA requirements and safety practices are followed.
Well look at each of these in detail.

Interior and Exterior Scaffolding

Job-built scaffolding that is improperly constructed is extremely hazardous. Various types and brands of interior and exterior scaffolding are commercially available.
Always, follow the manufacturers safety instructions.

Interior and Exterior Scaffolding,

cont.
Scaffolding that is 10 ft. or higher must be equipped with guardrails. A competent person must supervise the set-up and take down of all scaffolding. Walls that support exterior scaffold must be capable of supporting, without failure, the weight of the scaffold and four times the maximum intended load on the scaffolding. Scaffolding must be fully planked, and planks must be secured so they cannot move.

Guardrail RequirementsScaffolds
Toprails Between 36 and 45 High Guardrails to 200 Lbs/Midrails to 75 Lbs Cross Bracing OK as Guardrail if Between 20 and 30 for Midrail 38 to 48 for Toprail Protect from Falling Objects
All Workers on Scaffolds MUST Wear Hard Hats

Scaffold Access
Ladders Needed if Access More Than 2 Dont Climb Cross Braces Place Ladders Securely

Scaffold Grade Plank Stamps

PFAS Used with Ladder Jack Scaffold

Aerial Lifts
Aerial lifts (e.g., JLG boom lift) or approved personnel lift baskets on rough terrain forklifts is a safe alternative to working from:
Ladders, or other types of scaffolding.

An aerial lift can be used for the installations of:

windows soffit fascia gutters siding

Aerial Lifts, cont.

The competent person should: Restrict operation of aerial lifts or forklift vehicles to trained and authorized personnel. Use only commercially built personnel baskets designed for lifting workers. Follow the American National Standards Institutes (ANSI) standards for using personnel lift baskets. Make certain that homemade boxes lifted by a forklift are not usedhomemade boxes are unacceptable.

Aerial Lifts, cont.

When in the lift: Wear a full body harness. Attach the lanyard to the boom or an approved anchor point inside the basket.

Aerial Lifts, cont.

Aerial Lifts, cont.

When in the lift: Always stand on the floor of the basket. Do not sit or climb on the edge of the basket, lean over the edge, or climb out of the basket. Do not use a ladder or other objects to increase reach.

Aerial Lifts, cont.

When operating the lift: Stay at the controls at all times. Do not move the vehicle while a person is in the elevated basket. Only use the equipment when it is on stable and level ground. Maintain the required minimum clearance of 10 ft. (3 m) from power lines carrying 50 kilovolts or less.

Post-test and Review

Activity #4

NAHB Labor, Safety & Health Department

If you have any further questions contact: Robert Matuga, Director
(800)368-5242 ext. 8507 rmatuga@nahb.com

Kevin Cannon, Safety Specialist

(800)368-5242 ext. 8590 kcannon@nahb.com