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    CH 25 Social Influence and Group Processes

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    vin_diccted9342
    This document summarizes research on social influence and group processes. It discusses how social influence can lead to compliance and conformity. It also examines power and influence, including Raven's six bases of power. Major research studies are summarized on conformity, minority influence, social facilitation/inhibition, group decision-making, obedience to authority, leadership, and intergroup behavior. Key theories and experiments are highlighted throughout.

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    CH 25 Social Influence and Group Processes

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    vin_diccted9342
    190 views22 pages
    This document summarizes research on social influence and group processes. It discusses how social influence can lead to compliance and conformity. It also examines power and influence, including Raven's six bases of power. Major research studies are summarized on conformity, minority influence, social facilitation/inhibition, group decision-making, obedience to authority, leadership, and intergroup behavior. Key theories and experiments are highlighted throughout.

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    Ch 25 Social Influence and Group Processes

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    This document summarizes research on social influence and group processes. It discusses how social influence can lead to compliance and conformity. It also examines power and influence, including Raven's six bases of power. Major research studies are summarized on conformity, minority influence, social facilitation/inhibition, group decision-making, obedience to authority, leadership, and intergroup behavior. Key theories and experiments are highlighted throughout.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    190 views22 pages

    CH 25 Social Influence and Group Processes

    Uploaded by

    vin_diccted9342
    This document summarizes research on social influence and group processes. It discusses how social influence can lead to compliance and conformity. It also examines power and influence, including Raven's six bases of power. Major research studies are summarized on conformity, minority influence, social facilitation/inhibition, group decision-making, obedience to authority, leadership, and intergroup behavior. Key theories and experiments are highlighted throughout.

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    Social influence and group processes

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Social influence
    How thoughts, feelings and behaviours of one person are influenced by imagined, implied or actual presence of others. Compliance: When external behaviour does not reflect internal real opinions. Conformity: Changing inner opinions as result of nondirect pressure from other people.
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Power and influence


    Source of influence should be thought of as powerful for compliance to operate. Power the ability to exert influence over others and not be influenced oneself. Ravens sources of power.

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Ravens sources of power


    Reward power Coercive power

    Informational power

    Expert power

    Legitimate power

    Referent power

    The ability to promise rewards for being compliant The ability to give or to threaten punishment for not be compliant The belief of the person being influenced that the person doing the influencing has more information than themselves The belief of the person being influenced that the person doing the influencing has greater expertise and knowledge than themselves The belief of the person being influenced that the person doing the influencing is authorised by a recognised power to command and make decisions The person being influenced identifies with, is attracted to or has respect for the person doing the influencing
    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Ian P. Albery

    Conformity or majority influence


    Majority influence: When attitudinal or belief change occurs after exposure to the majority opinion of a group you are a member of. Sherifs autokinetic effect experiment. Aschs lines experiment: Fear of social disapproval central to majority group influence.

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Aschs lines stimuli

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Explanations of conformity
    Informational social influence: Support information received from others because removes ambiguities in social situation Sherifs social reality hypothesis. Normative social influence: Desire to be liked and accepted by others in the group Increased dependency among group members leads to increased conformity rates.

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Explanations for conformity


    Referent informational influence: Conform because we are group members, and not to avoid social disapproval Social identity perspective Conform to group norms through selfcategorisation:
    Seek out group norm to minimise difference within the in-group and maximise difference with out-group.
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Conversion or minority group influence


    Moskovicis genetic model of minority group influence: Minorities do not have access to normative influence Rely on behavioural style and primarily consistency in beliefs across time and consensus with other members of the minority Minority influence greatest when consistent.
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Moskovicis coloured slides experiment

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Minority and majority influence


    Moskovicis dual-process model: Majorities lead to direct public compliance due to normative and informational influence Minorities lead to indirect private change due to the majority having to think about the minority the conversion effect
    Leads to cognitive conflict and greater cognitive resource allocation.

    Latan and Wolfs single process model: Influence differs quantitatively not qualitatively.

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Social facilitation and inhibition


    People get better at well-learned tasks and worse at difficult tasks when in the presence of others. Zajoncs drive theory: Presence of others puts us in state of arousal Arousal acts to make a persons most likely response the one produced.

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Zajoncs drive theory

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Group decision making


    The risky shift phenomenon: Decisions made by groups are more risky than individual decisions Group decisions can be more conservative. Group polarisation: Decisions become more polarised Tendency to shift opinions towards more extreme views and in the same direction as the perceived original group opinion.
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Group polarisation

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Explanations of polarisation
    Polarisation through persuasive arguments Polarisation through social comparison Polarisation through self-categorisation

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Janis and Manns groupthink


    Based on actual accounts of poor decision making (e.g. the Bay of Pigs fiasco in 1961). Type of thinking among very cohesive groups. Based on members wanting an unanimous decision. Motivation to be correct and rational appears to be suspended.

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Groupthink

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Obedience to authority
    Milgrams shock generator studies: Majority of participants gave highestintensity shock Replicated in many countries. Key factors in obedience: Persuasion Immediacy of the victim Immediacy of the authority figure Group pressure.
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Milgrams shock generator

    Ian P. Albery

    Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Leadership
    The trait approach: Leadership qualities inherited born leaders Only weak associations between personality type and effective leadership. Leaders behaviour: Lippitt and Whites leadership styles studies Group performance and productivity dependent upon leadership type.
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

    Intergroup behaviour
    Actions of one groups members towards members of another group. Prejudice and discrimination dependent upon three factors: Personality type Adornos authoritarian personality Environmental factors Sherifs realistic conflict theory Group membership Tajfels social identity theory (minimal group paradigm).
    Ian P. Albery Complete Psychology published by Hodder Education

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