I-Phosphorus

I-Phosphorus inophawu lwekhemikhali elingu-P, njengelungu le-atom ikwane-nombolo ye-atom ye-15. Inombolo yobunzima bayo (i-mass number) ngama- 30.97. Ayifumaneki apha endalweni njenge-element enye ezimeleyo, koko ifumaneka ingumdibaniso wee-elements obizwa ngokuba zii-compounds, njenge-phosphates. Isenokuba ligaqa okanye into ejiyileyo ebomvu okanye emhlophe.

Ii-Properties

Iimpawu ze-phophorus ezibonakalayo

I-phosphorus iziintlobo ngee-ntlobo. I-phosphorus emhlophe nebomvu zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo. I-phosphorus emhlophe ligaqa okanye yinto emhlophe ejiyileyo ngamanye amazwi yinto e-solid. xa ingaxutywanga nanto iba yinnto engenambala. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, kodwa iyanyibilika kwi-carbon disulphide, isinyibilikisi esi-organic. Ijika ibebutyheli obubukhanya xa isemoyeni. Iyaqaqamba ebumnyameni kuba xa isemoyeni ithi chu ithatha ixesha elide "isitsha".

Xa iselangeni, okanye xa iye yatshiswa ngomphuna wobushushu obu ngama- 250 °C, ijika ibe ngumxube obomvu. Olu hlobo ke aluzivutheli ngokwalo kwaye alunabungozi kangako, lungenamalangatye makhulu kune-phosphorus emhlophe. Umxube obomvu uzinzile kwaye unomtsalane woxinzelelo lomophu we-atmosphere e-1 kwizinga elingama- 417 °C.

Iimpawu zeKhemikhali

Nangona i-phosphorus ishukuma ngokukhawuleza kune-phosphorus ebomvu. Ukubamba kwayo umlilo emoyeni kuyazenzekela akulawulwa nto, kutsho kuvuthe ukuze kwenzeke umsi we-phosphorus(V) oxide. Ivutha kumoyana nje ongephi, itsho ikhuphe iphosphorus(III) oxide.esityhefu. Xa le phosphorus imhlophe ithe yatshiswa kwi-alkali, iyakumana isibankulu iphinde ibencinane divuleka iphinde inciphe kutsho kuphume i-hypophosphites ne-phosphine. I-phosphorus ebomvu ingavutha kodwa kuphela xa ithe yaqhwithwa. I-Phosphorus iyanyakaziswa yi-halogens kutsho kwenzeke ii-halides zephosphorus. Inyakaziswa zii-metals ezithile ukuze kwenzeke ii-phosphides.

Ii-compounds zekhemikhali

Ii-compounds ze-phosphorus (okanye imidibaniso we-phosphorus) yimidibaniso yekhemikhali ene-phosphorus. Zidweliswe apha ngezantsi zinenzinye zeempawu zazo. I-phosphorus iza izii-oxidation states, eziliqela, inani lee-electrons elisuswayo ngexesha le-redox reaction. -3 ibangamalangatye, isebenza njengesithunywa esinamandla ekuphunguleni, sikwayityhefu: +1 isebenza njengesithunywa esiphungulayo akwaye ke sinqabile; +3 sisebenza njengesithunywa esiyityhefu nesinganeno ekuphunguleni; +5 sisithunywa esingaphunguliyo kwaye sona sixhaphake kakhulu.

Kwi-3 oxidation state

Ii-Phosphides

I-Phosphine, i-gas eyingozi enuka ngathi yintlanzi nekwaziyo ukuziqhitha ngokwayo.
I-Phosphide, yi-ion
I-Sodium phosphide

Ezinye ii-compounds

I-Phosphonium, enye i-ion

Kwi+1 oxidation state

I-Hypophosphorous acid, ziityuwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-hypophosphites
I-Sodium hypophosphite

Kwi+3 oxidation state

I-Phosphites

I-Phosphorous acid, iyingozi, iityuwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-phosphites
I-Sodium phosphite

Ezinye ii-compounds

I-Phosphorus trichloride
I-Phosphorus(III) iodide
I-Phosphorus(III) oxide, i-phosphorus trioxide, i-poisonous, i-garlic-smelling

Kwii-oxidation state ezi+5

I-Phosphates

I-Phosphoric acid, ezona tyuwa zixhaphake kakhulu, iityuwa ezibizwa ngokuba zii-phosphates
I-Calcium phosphate
I-Dicalcium phosphate
I-Mono-calcium phosphate
I-Sodium phosphate
I-Zinc phosphate

Ezinye ii-compounds

I-Phosphorus (V) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, absorbs water
I-Phosphorus (V) chloride
Phosphoric acid
Trisodium phosphate
Phosphorus pentachloride (left) and phosphorus trichloride (right)

Ukwenzeka kwayo

Iyinto ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla yezinto eziphefumlayo okanye izinto ezinobom kwaye ifumaneka njenge-phosphate kwi-nervous tissue, emathanjeni nakwi-protoplasm ye-cell. Ikwafumaneka emhlabeni njenge-phosphate rock. I-Phosphate rock ke yona ingowona mthombo we-phosphorus ne-phosphorus compounds. Iitissues ezininzi emzimbeni zine-calcium phosphates kuzo.

Ukwenziwa kwayo

I-Phosphorus yaqala ukwenziwa ngokutshiswa komxube we-phosphates ne- carbon kwimbiza yentsimbi. Ii-phosphates zeenziwa ngokuthi kunyityilikiswe amathambo enyibilikiswa kwii-acids ezazimandla kwaye zikwazi ukuphuma zingumxube ongumphushu.

Kungoku nje i-Phosphorus yenziwa ngokuthi kutshiswe i-calcium phosphate, i-carbon, kunye ne-silicon dioxide kwi-onti -yombane. Ubushushu bale mbiza yombane bunyibilikisa lo mxube wezi zinto, ize ke i-gas ye-phosphorus iphume. Ifunxwe ngaphantsi kwamanzi. oku ke kwenza i-phosphorus emhlophe.

Umsebenzi wayo

Isebenza njenge-element

I-phosphorus emhlophe isetyenziswa kwizixhopo ze-incendiary nakwii-grenades zokutshaya. Ikwasetyenziswa ukwenza ii-organic compounds ezine-phosphorus kuzo. I-Phosphorus isetyenziswa ukuba zilungise ii-semiconductors. I-Phosphorus isetyenziswa ukususa i-oxygen kwi-copper. Ikwasetyenziswa ukwenza ii-alloys. I-phosphorus ebomvu isetyenziswa kwii-matshisi nakumadangatye.

Njengee-chemical compounds

Ii-phosphorus compounds zisetyenziswa kumanyola okanye kwizichumisi, kwiziselo ezihlwahlwazayo, kwintlama yokuxukuxa, nakwiizicoci. Uninzi lwazo zii-phosphates. Ii-phosphides zisenokusetyenziswa ukubulala ii-rodents.

Ukhuseleko

I-phosphorus emhlophe iyingozi kakhulu. Iyityhefu kakhulu kwaye iqhwitha lula, kutshe ngamalangatye atshisa ngamandla. Iphosphorus ebomvu yona noko ayinabungozi kangako. Inxalenye yee-phosphorus compounds inetyhefu, kodwa ezo zixhaphakileyo azinabungozi.

Amaphepha anxulumene neli