Recent studies on land grabbing in Southeast Europe suggest that parts of the region are re-exper... more Recent studies on land grabbing in Southeast Europe suggest that parts of the region are re-experiencing in the post-socialist era what happened in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries due to the decline of the Ottoman land tenure system, under identical conditions involving fundamental sociopolitical transformations and integration with global capitalism. During these historical phases, the processes of enclosure developed in varying degrees in accord with the topographical and societal conditions of the societies as well as geographical proximity to the European capitalist centres. Today, despite growing connections with the European Union, the whole region has remained on the periphery of the capitalist Western European core, which is specialized in technology and knowledge, while retaining the position as agrarian societies and neat providers of raw materials and food to industrialized Western centres. This chapter suggests that although the regime types governing those nati...
Bu calisma, Avrupa’da goc karsiti politikalarinin guvenliklestirme surecinin bir urunu oldugunu v... more Bu calisma, Avrupa’da goc karsiti politikalarinin guvenliklestirme surecinin bir urunu oldugunu ve bu surecin en etkin aktorlerinden olan radikal sag partilerin, goc karsiti soylem ve yaklasimlarini ortak bazi guvenlik temalarini kullanarak insa ettiklerini ortaya koymaktadir. Bu temalar ulusal guvenlik, ekonomik guvenlik, kulturel guvenlik ve ic guvenlik seklinde siniflandirilabilmekte, temalarin kullanim agirliklari da ulkelerin tarihsel, sosyal ve kulturel farkliliklarindan yogun bicimde etkilenmektedir. Calisma icerisinde bu farkliliklarin etkileri ve guvenliklestirme sureci, elestirel soylem analizine dayali kurgulanmis bir yontem cercevesinde, populist ve goc karsiti politikalariyla secim basarisi kazanmis iki radikal sag parti olan Avusturya’dan Avusturya Ozgurluk Partisi (FPO) ve Isvec’ten Isvec Demokratlari (SD) partilerine yonelik analizlerle incelenmistir.
Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies di... more Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies divided along ethnic lines, they are problematic in some aspects. Particularly, once put into operation they generate a kind of gravity pull avoiding the self-transformation of polity despite consociational arrangements’ visible malfunction because of some reasons. This study essentially tries to point out that power-sharing arrangements are relied upon the consent among the ethnic elite which firmly control their own mono-ethnic patronage networks, thereby sustaining and cementing ethnic segregation. It claims thats that ethnic committees of UNMIK in pre-independence Kosovo may offer a model to solve the problem of mono-ethnic patronage networks in Bosnia in an unconventional way.
Nufus mubadeleleri gunumuzdeki gelismekte ve/veya kesiflesmekte olan uluslararasi normatif duzen ... more Nufus mubadeleleri gunumuzdeki gelismekte ve/veya kesiflesmekte olan uluslararasi normatif duzen icinde mesrulugu tartismali duzenlemeler haline gelmislerdir. Bununla birlikte, Turk-Yunan nufus mubadelesini ait oldugu baglam itibariyla incelemek gerekmektedir. Ancak boylelikle bu stratejinin artik gunumuzdeki ulus-insa surecleri acisindan politik ya da moral anlamda kabul edilebilirliginin neden kalmadigina dair anlamli bir tartisma yapilabilir. Bu calisma bu tartismayi Milletler Cemiyeti ve Birlesmis Milletler’in kolektif guvenlik mefhumunu algilayis tarzlarindaki farkliliklara referans vererek yapmaktadir. Abstract
Current developments concerning land grabs in the Balkans suggest that the region is re-experienc... more Current developments concerning land grabs in the Balkans suggest that the region is re-experiencing in the post-socialist era what happened in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries due to the decline of the Ottoman land tenure system, under identical conditions involving fundamental socio-political transformations and integration with global capitalism. These changes are emblematic of a transfer of common to individual ownership. Nowadays, small landholders in some parts of the region—mainly the former labourers on socialist agricultural cooperatives—are influenced by the accelerating trend of (re)concentrating landownership, which in some cases takes the form of land grabbing similar to that seen in Africa. This study examines the historical continuity between the Ottoman rule over fledgling nation-states and the post-socialist era by referring to widely discussed socio-economic and political developments regarding contemporary land grab processes.
Uluslararasi iliskiler literaturunde egemen devletler arasinda uzlasma, istikrarli baris ve yakin... more Uluslararasi iliskiler literaturunde egemen devletler arasinda uzlasma, istikrarli baris ve yakinlasma icice gecmis kavramlardir. Ayni sekilde diplomatik anlamda baslayan yakinlasmanin kalici bir barisa donusmesi ile uluslarin aralarindaki catismalari sonlandirdiklari kabul goren diger bir gorustur. Bununla birlikte, catisma cozumleme disiplininde koku derinlerde catismalar ozel olarak ele alinmaktadir ve diplomatik yakinlasmanin cok otesinde karsilikli olarak toplumsal anlamda bilissel ve duygusal degisimleri gerektirdiklerinin alti cizilmektedir. Diger deyisle, bu tur catismalara yonelik uzlasma surecleri alisildik diplomatik tavirlardan farkli olarak karsilikli toplumsal sahiplenmeyi, empatiyi gerektirmektedirler. Daha da onemlisi uzlasma gorulebilir bir surectir. Bu calisma uzlasma surecinin egemen devletler arasinda diplomatik yakinlasma ve istikrarli barisin hangi asamasinda catisma cozumleme literaturunde ongoruldugu bicimiyle ve hangi sartlar altinda yurutulebilecegini tarti...
Banal Osmanlıcılık Osmanlı mirasının olumsuz biçimde algılandığı bir coğrafyada 400 yıllık Osmanl... more Banal Osmanlıcılık Osmanlı mirasının olumsuz biçimde algılandığı bir coğrafyada 400 yıllık Osmanlı Barışından esinlenen gemeinschaft tarzı bir bölgeselciliğin ana anlatısı olma şansını 2000’li yıllarda buldu. Bunda gerek Türkiye içindeki liberalleşme dalgası, gerekse Soğuk Savaşın ardından eski Yugoslavya’da yaşanan krizlerin Türk toplumunun ulus devletin içinde sıkıştırdığı ulus tasvirinin aniden genişleyip bendini aşmasını sağlaması önemli rol oynadı. 2000’lerin ikinci onuncu yılından itibaren ise banal Osmanlıcılık evine döndü ve Türk kimliğinin evrilmesi sürecine katkı vermeye devam etti. Anahtar kelimeler: Banal milliyetçilik, bölgeselcilik, Osmanlıcılık, Türk kimliği.
Korfez ulkeleri acisindan Bati Balkanlar ekonomik ihtiyaclari ve sunmus oldugu yatirim olanaklar ... more Korfez ulkeleri acisindan Bati Balkanlar ekonomik ihtiyaclari ve sunmus oldugu yatirim olanaklar dusunuldugunde cok karli bir hedeftir. Bununla birlikte, gunumuzde iki bolge arasindaki iliskilerde patlama her iki tarafin kar gudusuyle aciklanamaz. Ozellikle Korfez ulkeleri acisindan bolge uluslararasi ekonomik ve de siyasal profillerini muhafaza etmek hatta daha yukseltmek acisindan diger bazi olanaklar sunmaktadir. Bu calisma Korfez ulkeleri ile Bati Balkanlar arasinda 2000’lerin basindan itibaren baslayan iliskilerinin yanisira taraflarin birbirlerine olan ilgilerinin ardindaki temel saikleri gun isigina cikarmayi amaclamaktadir.
Abstract This study presumes that recently evolving relations between the Western Balkans and the... more Abstract This study presumes that recently evolving relations between the Western Balkans and the Gulf can be investigated through the neo-regionalist view in terms of a variety of facilitating factors. These give this bi-regional phenomenon the characteristics of ‘interregionalism in the making’, with visible power asymmetries. Whereas, earlier studies on newly emerging interregional relations were mostly descriptive, policy-oriented and even speculative due to the absence of empirical evidence, this study makes use of first-hand sources like print or digital media to reveal the pace and content of bi-regional relations. It is suggested that the current and prospective forms of bi-regional relations between the Western Balkans and the Gulf can be expanded through facilitating factors involving the concerns of Gulf countries to reinforce their international political profiles and establish lucrative economic partnerships
Özet Nüfus mübadeleleri günümüzdeki gelişmekte ve/veya kesifleş-mekte olan uluslararası normatif ... more Özet Nüfus mübadeleleri günümüzdeki gelişmekte ve/veya kesifleş-mekte olan uluslararası normatif düzen içinde meşruluğu tartışmalı düzenlemeler haline gelmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, Türk-Yunan nüfus mübadelesini ait olduğu bağlam itibarıyla incelemek gerekmektedir. Ancak böylelikle bu stratejinin artık günümüzdeki ulus-inşa süreçleri açısından politik ya da moral anlamda kabul edilebilirliğinin neden kalmadığına dair anlamlı bir tartışma yapılabilir. Bu çalışma bu tartış-mayı Milletler Cemiyeti ve Birleşmiş Milletler'in kolektif güvenlik mef-humunu algılayış tarzlarındaki farklılıklara referans vererek yapmakta-dır. Abstract Population exchanges are the regulations whose legitimacy have currently been under dispute within the context of the present international normative order that continues to develop and/or turns out respectively thicker. However, the Turko-Greek population exchange needs to be analysed within its own historical context also. Only then one can put forth a me...
Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies di... more Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies divided along ethnic lines, they are problematic in some aspects. Particularly, once put into operation they generate a kind of gravity pull avoiding the self-transformation of polity despite consociational arrangements' visible malfunction because of some reasons. This study essentially tries to point out that power-sharing arrangements are relied upon the consent among the ethnic elite which firmly control their own mono-ethnic patronage networks, thereby sustaining and cementing ethnic segregation. It claims thats that ethnic committees of UNMIK in pre-independence Kosovo may offer a model to solve the problem of mono-ethnic patronage networks in Bosnia in an unconventional way.
... Nazif MANDACI* Abstract: ... The following feud between the established Albanian political pa... more ... Nazif MANDACI* Abstract: ... The following feud between the established Albanian political parties' leaders and NLA leader Ahmeti who initiated a new political movement aiming at unifying all Albanians under the roof of a new party proved the aforementioned thesis to be true. ...
Romanya ve Bulgaristan Batı’nın çevresinde (periphery) olmakla birlikte, tarihleri boyunca geçmiş... more Romanya ve Bulgaristan Batı’nın çevresinde (periphery) olmakla birlikte, tarihleri boyunca geçmişte kolonileştirilmiş, sömürülmüş 3. Dünya ülkelerinden farklıdırlar. Bu ülkelerin coğrafi ve siyasal konumları nedeniyle küresel toprak yağması sürecinden farklı biçimlerde etkilendiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu ülkelerde de küçük toprak sahipleri klasik eleştirel literatürde değinilen çitleme, sermayenin ilkel ya da mülksüzleştirerek biriktirilmesi süreçleri nedeniyle oluşan dışsallıklardan diğer toplumlarla benzer biçimde olumsuz etkilenmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, Avrupa toprak piyasasının ayrılmaz parçası haline gelmeleriyle Romanya ve Bulgaristan’da 18. yüzyıldan itibaren gözlemlenen toprak yağması 2000’li yıllarda ilave aktör ve toprağın spekülatif obje haline gelmesi ya da enerji kaynağına dönüşmesi gibi özgün dinamikleri göze çarpan yeni bir tarihsel faza girmiştir.
This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of t... more This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) before and after the developments of the Arab Spring. A critical geopolitics approach and critical security theories in international relations provide the theoretical framework, as security discourses are considered to be a product of geopolitical imaginations and codes that, in turn, shape the making of foreign and security policies. First, the article examines the invention of BMENA as a meta-geography within Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination, as well as the new geopolitical codes underlying the new security discourses. Then, the article assesses the impact of the Arab Spring, which led to major changes in Turkey’s newly established geopolitical codes, formulated in the pre-Arab Spring period, and analyses the ruptures and continuities in Turkey’s security discourses in the light of those developments. Finally, the article concludes that the Arab Spring, especially the Syrian crisis, shifted the focus of Turkey’s foreign policy in BMENA from cooperation to conflict. This has led to a resecuritization of Turkey’s geopolitical codes, discourses and security practices in the region, revealing the limitation of Turkey’s current geopolitical imagination.
... However, Layne pointed ... Having obtained the consent of the protagonists and in accordance ... more ... However, Layne pointed ... Having obtained the consent of the protagonists and in accordance with the three-stage plan of President Trajkovski, NATO started 'Operation Essential Harvesi' designed for the disarmament of the ONA. Following ...
This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of t... more This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) before and after the developments of the Arab Spring. A critical geopolitics approach and critical security theories in international relations provide the theoretical framework, as security discourses are considered to be a product of geopolitical imaginations and codes that, in turn, shape the making of foreign and security policies. First, the article examines the invention of BMENA as a meta-geography within Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination, as well as the new geopolitical codes underlying the new security discourses. Then, the article assesses the impact of the Arab Spring, which led to major changes in Turkey’s newly established geopolitical codes, formulated in the pre-Arab Spring period, and analyses the ruptures and continuities in Turkey’s security discourses in the light of those developments. Finally, the article concludes ...
... reform process between 2001 and 2002 in Macedoniathe so-called Ohrid (Framework) processwhi... more ... reform process between 2001 and 2002 in Macedoniathe so-called Ohrid (Framework) processwhich culminated in a semi-consociational system ... Simultaneously, the Tito regime was courting with the socialist movement of Enver Hoxha in Albania to lure it to the idea of a ...
Recent studies on land grabbing in Southeast Europe suggest that parts of the region are re-exper... more Recent studies on land grabbing in Southeast Europe suggest that parts of the region are re-experiencing in the post-socialist era what happened in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries due to the decline of the Ottoman land tenure system, under identical conditions involving fundamental sociopolitical transformations and integration with global capitalism. During these historical phases, the processes of enclosure developed in varying degrees in accord with the topographical and societal conditions of the societies as well as geographical proximity to the European capitalist centres. Today, despite growing connections with the European Union, the whole region has remained on the periphery of the capitalist Western European core, which is specialized in technology and knowledge, while retaining the position as agrarian societies and neat providers of raw materials and food to industrialized Western centres. This chapter suggests that although the regime types governing those nati...
Bu calisma, Avrupa’da goc karsiti politikalarinin guvenliklestirme surecinin bir urunu oldugunu v... more Bu calisma, Avrupa’da goc karsiti politikalarinin guvenliklestirme surecinin bir urunu oldugunu ve bu surecin en etkin aktorlerinden olan radikal sag partilerin, goc karsiti soylem ve yaklasimlarini ortak bazi guvenlik temalarini kullanarak insa ettiklerini ortaya koymaktadir. Bu temalar ulusal guvenlik, ekonomik guvenlik, kulturel guvenlik ve ic guvenlik seklinde siniflandirilabilmekte, temalarin kullanim agirliklari da ulkelerin tarihsel, sosyal ve kulturel farkliliklarindan yogun bicimde etkilenmektedir. Calisma icerisinde bu farkliliklarin etkileri ve guvenliklestirme sureci, elestirel soylem analizine dayali kurgulanmis bir yontem cercevesinde, populist ve goc karsiti politikalariyla secim basarisi kazanmis iki radikal sag parti olan Avusturya’dan Avusturya Ozgurluk Partisi (FPO) ve Isvec’ten Isvec Demokratlari (SD) partilerine yonelik analizlerle incelenmistir.
Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies di... more Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies divided along ethnic lines, they are problematic in some aspects. Particularly, once put into operation they generate a kind of gravity pull avoiding the self-transformation of polity despite consociational arrangements’ visible malfunction because of some reasons. This study essentially tries to point out that power-sharing arrangements are relied upon the consent among the ethnic elite which firmly control their own mono-ethnic patronage networks, thereby sustaining and cementing ethnic segregation. It claims thats that ethnic committees of UNMIK in pre-independence Kosovo may offer a model to solve the problem of mono-ethnic patronage networks in Bosnia in an unconventional way.
Nufus mubadeleleri gunumuzdeki gelismekte ve/veya kesiflesmekte olan uluslararasi normatif duzen ... more Nufus mubadeleleri gunumuzdeki gelismekte ve/veya kesiflesmekte olan uluslararasi normatif duzen icinde mesrulugu tartismali duzenlemeler haline gelmislerdir. Bununla birlikte, Turk-Yunan nufus mubadelesini ait oldugu baglam itibariyla incelemek gerekmektedir. Ancak boylelikle bu stratejinin artik gunumuzdeki ulus-insa surecleri acisindan politik ya da moral anlamda kabul edilebilirliginin neden kalmadigina dair anlamli bir tartisma yapilabilir. Bu calisma bu tartismayi Milletler Cemiyeti ve Birlesmis Milletler’in kolektif guvenlik mefhumunu algilayis tarzlarindaki farkliliklara referans vererek yapmaktadir. Abstract
Current developments concerning land grabs in the Balkans suggest that the region is re-experienc... more Current developments concerning land grabs in the Balkans suggest that the region is re-experiencing in the post-socialist era what happened in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries due to the decline of the Ottoman land tenure system, under identical conditions involving fundamental socio-political transformations and integration with global capitalism. These changes are emblematic of a transfer of common to individual ownership. Nowadays, small landholders in some parts of the region—mainly the former labourers on socialist agricultural cooperatives—are influenced by the accelerating trend of (re)concentrating landownership, which in some cases takes the form of land grabbing similar to that seen in Africa. This study examines the historical continuity between the Ottoman rule over fledgling nation-states and the post-socialist era by referring to widely discussed socio-economic and political developments regarding contemporary land grab processes.
Uluslararasi iliskiler literaturunde egemen devletler arasinda uzlasma, istikrarli baris ve yakin... more Uluslararasi iliskiler literaturunde egemen devletler arasinda uzlasma, istikrarli baris ve yakinlasma icice gecmis kavramlardir. Ayni sekilde diplomatik anlamda baslayan yakinlasmanin kalici bir barisa donusmesi ile uluslarin aralarindaki catismalari sonlandirdiklari kabul goren diger bir gorustur. Bununla birlikte, catisma cozumleme disiplininde koku derinlerde catismalar ozel olarak ele alinmaktadir ve diplomatik yakinlasmanin cok otesinde karsilikli olarak toplumsal anlamda bilissel ve duygusal degisimleri gerektirdiklerinin alti cizilmektedir. Diger deyisle, bu tur catismalara yonelik uzlasma surecleri alisildik diplomatik tavirlardan farkli olarak karsilikli toplumsal sahiplenmeyi, empatiyi gerektirmektedirler. Daha da onemlisi uzlasma gorulebilir bir surectir. Bu calisma uzlasma surecinin egemen devletler arasinda diplomatik yakinlasma ve istikrarli barisin hangi asamasinda catisma cozumleme literaturunde ongoruldugu bicimiyle ve hangi sartlar altinda yurutulebilecegini tarti...
Banal Osmanlıcılık Osmanlı mirasının olumsuz biçimde algılandığı bir coğrafyada 400 yıllık Osmanl... more Banal Osmanlıcılık Osmanlı mirasının olumsuz biçimde algılandığı bir coğrafyada 400 yıllık Osmanlı Barışından esinlenen gemeinschaft tarzı bir bölgeselciliğin ana anlatısı olma şansını 2000’li yıllarda buldu. Bunda gerek Türkiye içindeki liberalleşme dalgası, gerekse Soğuk Savaşın ardından eski Yugoslavya’da yaşanan krizlerin Türk toplumunun ulus devletin içinde sıkıştırdığı ulus tasvirinin aniden genişleyip bendini aşmasını sağlaması önemli rol oynadı. 2000’lerin ikinci onuncu yılından itibaren ise banal Osmanlıcılık evine döndü ve Türk kimliğinin evrilmesi sürecine katkı vermeye devam etti. Anahtar kelimeler: Banal milliyetçilik, bölgeselcilik, Osmanlıcılık, Türk kimliği.
Korfez ulkeleri acisindan Bati Balkanlar ekonomik ihtiyaclari ve sunmus oldugu yatirim olanaklar ... more Korfez ulkeleri acisindan Bati Balkanlar ekonomik ihtiyaclari ve sunmus oldugu yatirim olanaklar dusunuldugunde cok karli bir hedeftir. Bununla birlikte, gunumuzde iki bolge arasindaki iliskilerde patlama her iki tarafin kar gudusuyle aciklanamaz. Ozellikle Korfez ulkeleri acisindan bolge uluslararasi ekonomik ve de siyasal profillerini muhafaza etmek hatta daha yukseltmek acisindan diger bazi olanaklar sunmaktadir. Bu calisma Korfez ulkeleri ile Bati Balkanlar arasinda 2000’lerin basindan itibaren baslayan iliskilerinin yanisira taraflarin birbirlerine olan ilgilerinin ardindaki temel saikleri gun isigina cikarmayi amaclamaktadir.
Abstract This study presumes that recently evolving relations between the Western Balkans and the... more Abstract This study presumes that recently evolving relations between the Western Balkans and the Gulf can be investigated through the neo-regionalist view in terms of a variety of facilitating factors. These give this bi-regional phenomenon the characteristics of ‘interregionalism in the making’, with visible power asymmetries. Whereas, earlier studies on newly emerging interregional relations were mostly descriptive, policy-oriented and even speculative due to the absence of empirical evidence, this study makes use of first-hand sources like print or digital media to reveal the pace and content of bi-regional relations. It is suggested that the current and prospective forms of bi-regional relations between the Western Balkans and the Gulf can be expanded through facilitating factors involving the concerns of Gulf countries to reinforce their international political profiles and establish lucrative economic partnerships
Özet Nüfus mübadeleleri günümüzdeki gelişmekte ve/veya kesifleş-mekte olan uluslararası normatif ... more Özet Nüfus mübadeleleri günümüzdeki gelişmekte ve/veya kesifleş-mekte olan uluslararası normatif düzen içinde meşruluğu tartışmalı düzenlemeler haline gelmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, Türk-Yunan nüfus mübadelesini ait olduğu bağlam itibarıyla incelemek gerekmektedir. Ancak böylelikle bu stratejinin artık günümüzdeki ulus-inşa süreçleri açısından politik ya da moral anlamda kabul edilebilirliğinin neden kalmadığına dair anlamlı bir tartışma yapılabilir. Bu çalışma bu tartış-mayı Milletler Cemiyeti ve Birleşmiş Milletler'in kolektif güvenlik mef-humunu algılayış tarzlarındaki farklılıklara referans vererek yapmakta-dır. Abstract Population exchanges are the regulations whose legitimacy have currently been under dispute within the context of the present international normative order that continues to develop and/or turns out respectively thicker. However, the Turko-Greek population exchange needs to be analysed within its own historical context also. Only then one can put forth a me...
Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies di... more Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies divided along ethnic lines, they are problematic in some aspects. Particularly, once put into operation they generate a kind of gravity pull avoiding the self-transformation of polity despite consociational arrangements' visible malfunction because of some reasons. This study essentially tries to point out that power-sharing arrangements are relied upon the consent among the ethnic elite which firmly control their own mono-ethnic patronage networks, thereby sustaining and cementing ethnic segregation. It claims thats that ethnic committees of UNMIK in pre-independence Kosovo may offer a model to solve the problem of mono-ethnic patronage networks in Bosnia in an unconventional way.
... Nazif MANDACI* Abstract: ... The following feud between the established Albanian political pa... more ... Nazif MANDACI* Abstract: ... The following feud between the established Albanian political parties' leaders and NLA leader Ahmeti who initiated a new political movement aiming at unifying all Albanians under the roof of a new party proved the aforementioned thesis to be true. ...
Romanya ve Bulgaristan Batı’nın çevresinde (periphery) olmakla birlikte, tarihleri boyunca geçmiş... more Romanya ve Bulgaristan Batı’nın çevresinde (periphery) olmakla birlikte, tarihleri boyunca geçmişte kolonileştirilmiş, sömürülmüş 3. Dünya ülkelerinden farklıdırlar. Bu ülkelerin coğrafi ve siyasal konumları nedeniyle küresel toprak yağması sürecinden farklı biçimlerde etkilendiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu ülkelerde de küçük toprak sahipleri klasik eleştirel literatürde değinilen çitleme, sermayenin ilkel ya da mülksüzleştirerek biriktirilmesi süreçleri nedeniyle oluşan dışsallıklardan diğer toplumlarla benzer biçimde olumsuz etkilenmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, Avrupa toprak piyasasının ayrılmaz parçası haline gelmeleriyle Romanya ve Bulgaristan’da 18. yüzyıldan itibaren gözlemlenen toprak yağması 2000’li yıllarda ilave aktör ve toprağın spekülatif obje haline gelmesi ya da enerji kaynağına dönüşmesi gibi özgün dinamikleri göze çarpan yeni bir tarihsel faza girmiştir.
This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of t... more This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) before and after the developments of the Arab Spring. A critical geopolitics approach and critical security theories in international relations provide the theoretical framework, as security discourses are considered to be a product of geopolitical imaginations and codes that, in turn, shape the making of foreign and security policies. First, the article examines the invention of BMENA as a meta-geography within Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination, as well as the new geopolitical codes underlying the new security discourses. Then, the article assesses the impact of the Arab Spring, which led to major changes in Turkey’s newly established geopolitical codes, formulated in the pre-Arab Spring period, and analyses the ruptures and continuities in Turkey’s security discourses in the light of those developments. Finally, the article concludes that the Arab Spring, especially the Syrian crisis, shifted the focus of Turkey’s foreign policy in BMENA from cooperation to conflict. This has led to a resecuritization of Turkey’s geopolitical codes, discourses and security practices in the region, revealing the limitation of Turkey’s current geopolitical imagination.
... However, Layne pointed ... Having obtained the consent of the protagonists and in accordance ... more ... However, Layne pointed ... Having obtained the consent of the protagonists and in accordance with the three-stage plan of President Trajkovski, NATO started 'Operation Essential Harvesi' designed for the disarmament of the ONA. Following ...
This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of t... more This article critically analyses Turkish security discourses connected to the meta-geography of the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) before and after the developments of the Arab Spring. A critical geopolitics approach and critical security theories in international relations provide the theoretical framework, as security discourses are considered to be a product of geopolitical imaginations and codes that, in turn, shape the making of foreign and security policies. First, the article examines the invention of BMENA as a meta-geography within Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination, as well as the new geopolitical codes underlying the new security discourses. Then, the article assesses the impact of the Arab Spring, which led to major changes in Turkey’s newly established geopolitical codes, formulated in the pre-Arab Spring period, and analyses the ruptures and continuities in Turkey’s security discourses in the light of those developments. Finally, the article concludes ...
... reform process between 2001 and 2002 in Macedoniathe so-called Ohrid (Framework) processwhi... more ... reform process between 2001 and 2002 in Macedoniathe so-called Ohrid (Framework) processwhich culminated in a semi-consociational system ... Simultaneously, the Tito regime was courting with the socialist movement of Enver Hoxha in Albania to lure it to the idea of a ...
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