ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ
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ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ● ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ● ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ● ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵏ ● ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ |
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ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1983 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵣⵣⵄⴼⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ. ⵙⴳ ⵎⵥⵣⵉⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵉⵍⵖⵜ, ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ. ⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴳⵯⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⵓⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ. ⵉⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ (ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ 200 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵎⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ) ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⵍⴰⵏⵜ.
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴻⵉⵖⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ, ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵉⵏⵜⵜⴳⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⴽⴹⵉⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ, ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵣⵡⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵅⴼ "ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ" ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2002 ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⵇⵓⵏⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⵍⵢⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2016 ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵜⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵎⴰⴷⵖⵉⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⵉ.
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ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ
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ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, (ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏ: [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ] ⵏⵖ [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ]) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙ 13 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⴽⵔⵉ, ⵍⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ (ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵅⵍⴰ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵜⴰⴱ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵎⴰ" ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1146 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ".
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ, ⵏⵏⴼⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵥⵎⵓⴹⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ (ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ) ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵏ. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕⵏ.
ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵓⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ, ⵣⵣⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ. ⵜⴰⵍⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵉⵣ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵖⵓⵣ) ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵍⵜ. ⵉⵎⵖⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵍⵉⵣ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⴷⴰⴷⵏ.
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ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ
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ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ ⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ, ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ .
ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵍⴱⵉⴷⴰⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵟⵟⵓ", ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ , ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵉⵣⵉⴽⴰⵔⵏ (ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993), ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1992 ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴱⵓ - ⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⴽⴰ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ", ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴰⴼⵍⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ.
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ⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ?
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ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵒⵉⴷⵢⴰ (Wikipedia ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴻⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴻⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.
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ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ
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- 14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ: ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ.
- 13 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ: ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷ ⵜⵕⴰⵎⴱ (ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴱⵉⵏⵙⵍⴼⵉⵏⵢⴰ.
- 5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ:
- ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵄⵓⴷ ⴱⴰⵣⵉⵛⴽⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵊⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ.
- ⵉⴳⴰ ⴽⵉⵢⵔ ⵙⵜⴰⵔⵎⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
- 29 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ: ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⴰⵟⵉⴼⴰ ⴰⵎⵃⵣⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 29 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2024.
- 27 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ: ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵓⴳⵍ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 27 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2024.
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ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ
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ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜ?
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- ...ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⵕⵡⵉⵊⵉ ⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵍⵙⵏ (ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵕⵏⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵡⵉⵏ 2800 ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ?
- ...ⵢⵉⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴱⴱⵉⵔⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ?
- ...ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ?
- ...ⵜⴰⵇⵇⵏⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵔⵖⵏ?
- ...ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ?
- ...ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵏⴷⵍⵓⵙ
- ...ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ?
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ⵏⵏⴰⵏ
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ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵜⵕⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵖⴰⵏⵉⵎ ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ |
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ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ | ![]() |
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ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⵎⵢⵢⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵀⵎⵏⵉⵏ | ![]() |
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ⵢⵓⴼ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰ ⵍⵅⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵓⵏ | ![]() |
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ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ !
ⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵣⵔⴽ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ. ⵎⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵏⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ, ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵙⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ 2 441 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ, ⵖⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵏⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ (ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ) ⵏⵖ ⵓⵀⵓ, ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕⵜ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ.
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ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ:
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