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ether

維基詞典，自由的多語言詞典
參見：Ether、éther 和 eþer

英語

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發音

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An old metal flask used to hold ether (sense 5) for anaesthetic purposes, produced by E. R. Squibb & Sons, New York, USA
一隻用來盛裝麻醉用乙醚的金屬燒瓶，由美國紐約州的百時美施貴寶公司生產。

詞源1

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源自中古英語 ēther，[1]借自盎格魯-諾曼語 ether和中古法語 ether, ethere, aether ← 古法語 aether (「大氣最高最純淨的部分；（猜想）用來填充上部空間的物質」)（現代寫法法語 éther）, 或直接源自拉丁語 aethēr (「大氣最高最純淨的部分；天空；白日之光；圍繞神的空靈物質」)（也見晚期拉丁語 aethēr (「類似乙醚的物質」)） ← 古希臘語 αἰθήρ (aithḗr, 「大氣上層的純淨空氣；天空；（猜想）填充空間、可傳熱傳光的物質」)[2][3]← αἴθω (aíthō, 「燒；點燃；發光」) ← 原始印歐語 *h₂eydʰ- (「燒；火」)。

本詞也與意大利語 ether, ethera (古舊), etere, 中古荷蘭語 ether（現代寫法荷蘭語 aether (古舊), ether）, 中古高地德語 ēther（現代寫法德語 aether, ether (古舊), Äther）, 西班牙語 éter同源。[2]

替代寫法
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名詞

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ether (可數 和 不可數，複數 ethers)

  1. (不可數，書面或詩歌) 過去認爲大氣上部、雲以上的空間充滿的物質，尤其指神祗呼吸的物質
    1. (延伸) 人類所呼吸的物質；空氣
      • 1746年2月28日, Criticus [pseudonym], 「Dialogue on Women」, 出自 [Mark Akenside] 編, The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, 第 II 卷, 第 XXV 期, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC，第 389 頁:
        On Wings the Birds through Æther glide, / And Fiſhes cut with Fins the Tide.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    2. (延伸) 天空；真空；虛無
      • 2008年7月21日, Steve Paulson, 「Religion is Poetry」, 出自 Salon‎[1]，於30 August 2017歸檔自原頁面:
        Take a snapshot of the conflicts around the world: Sunnis vs. Shiites, Israelis vs. Palestinians, Serbs vs. Kosovars, Indians vs. Pakistanis. They seem to be driven by religious hatred. It’s enough to make you wonder if the animosity would melt away if all religions were suddenly, somehow, to vanish into the ether. But James Carse doesn’t see them as religious conflicts at all. To him, they are battles over rival belief systems, which may or may not have religious overtones.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 2009 December, Sandra Tsing Loh, 「On Being a Bad Mother: True Confessions」, 出自 The Atlantic‎[2], →ISSN，於25 July 2018歸檔自原頁面:
        In barely the blink of an eye, the perfectly healthy Judy entered a permanent vegetative state. […] What haunted me was the idea that one moment you’re gazing at your 2-year-old in her playroom and the next, you, the mother, have been whisked off into the ether forever.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 2018年5月7日, Meg Downey, 「Marvel’s Comic Soul Stone could Explain the Jump from Infinity War’s Ending to Avengers 4: A Brief History of Crazy Multidimensional Power」, 出自 Polygon‎[3]，於24 June 2018歸檔自原頁面:
        There’s a very real chance that, rather than crumbling into the dust and floating off into the ether, Thanos’s victims [in the film Avengers: Infinity War] were actually sucked up into the Soul Stone.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (不可數，物理學，歷史)（也寫作aether，全稱為luminiferous aether）以太
    • 1679年2月28日, Thomas Birch, 引 Isaac Newton, 「The Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle. [Letter from Isaac Newton to Robert Boyle.]」, 出自 Robert Boyle, The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle. In Five Volumes. To which is Prefixed the Life of the Author, 第 I 卷, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], 出版於 1744, →OCLC，第 70 頁:
      I ſuppose this æther pervades all groſs bodies, but yet ſo as to ſtand rarer in their pores than in free ſpaces, and ſo much the rarer, as their pores are leſs. And this I ſuppose (with others) to be the cauſe, why light incident on thoſe bodies is refracted towards the perpendicular; […] I ſuppose the rarer æther within bodies, and then denſer without them, not to be terminated in a mathematical ſuperficies, but to grow gradually into one another; […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1747, Bryan Robinson, A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, London: Printed for Charles Hitch […], →OCLC; quoted in 「Literary Memoirs. A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, by Bryan Robinson, M.D. London, Printed for Charles Hitch, at the Red Lion in Pater-noster-Row, 1747. Containing 140 Pages in Octavo, Exclusive of a Short Preface.」, 出自 The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, 第 III 卷, 第 XXVIII 期, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], 11 April 1747, →OCLC，第 59–60 頁s:
      Having ſhewn how the Æther cauſes a great part of the Phænomena of Nature, it may be aſked, whence this general material Cauſe has its great Activity and Power? […] This Cauſe muſt be either Matter or Spirit, there being nothing in the Univerſe, which we know if, beſides theſe two. But this Cauſe cannot be Matter: for Matter is in own Nature inert, and has not any Activity in itſelf; and conſequently cannot communicate any Power to the Æther. And therefore the Cauſe, which gives the Æther its Activity and Power, muſt be Spirit. Spirit, which intercedes the Particles of Æther, and gives them a repulſive Power, and ordains and executes the Laws, by which Æther and Bodies act mutually on one another, muſt be preſent in all Parts of Space, where there is Æther.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1770年11月1日, 「Investigator」 [pseudonym], 「Of the Causes of Attraction and Repulsion」, 出自 Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave] 編, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, 第 XL 卷, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry; and sold by F[rancis] Newbery […], →OCLC，第 497 頁，第 1 列:
      The whole matter of the univerſe may be divided into atoms and æther. […] The latter, æther, is a ſubtile elaſtic fluid, whoſe particles have a continual tendency to ſeparate or fly off every way, unleſs impreſſed by ſome body: This æther ſurrounds each atom like an atmoſphere, and preſſes equally towards the center of each.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed‎[4]:
      "The ether. The earth browses upon a circular path in the fields of space, and as it moves the ether is continually pouring through it and providing its vitality."
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. (不可數，口語) 廣播電視信號傳播的媒介；（想象中）互聯網、數字交流方式存在之處；網絡空間
    • H. P. Lovecraft, At the Mountains of Madness
      He held some friendly chat with Pabodie over the ether, and repeated his praise of the really marvelous drills that had helped him make his discovery.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2013年6月14日, Jonathan Freedland, 「Obama’s Once Hip Brand is Now Tainted [online version: Obama is Like Apple, Google and Facebook: A Once Hip Brand Tainted by Prism]」, 出自 The Guardian Weekly‎[5], 第 189 卷, 第 1 期, London，於26 September 2018歸檔自原頁面，第 18 頁:
      Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  4. (不可數，口語) 物體、人、地方周圍產生的一種氣質
  5. (不可數，有機化學) 乙醚
    • 1759, M[atthew] Turner, An Account of the Extraordinary Medicinal Fluid, Called Æther, [Liverpool]: Printed by John Sadler, →OCLC，第 5 頁:
      But the moſt valuable Qualities of the ÆTHER are it's medicinal ones; it having been found by repeated Experience to be an excellent Remedy in moſt nervous Diſeaſes; particularly in Fits of all ſorts, whether Epileptic, Convulſive, Hyſteric, Hypochondriac, or Paralytic: […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, New York: Popular Library, →ISBN，第 4 頁:
      The only thing that really worried me was the ether. There is nothing in the world more helpless and irresponsible and depraved than a man in the depths of an ether binge.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  6. (可數，有機化學) 醚類物質
    • 1838 March, 「Action of Chlorine on Æthers」, 出自 The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 第 XII (3rd Series) 卷, 第 74 期, London: Printed by R[ichard] and J[ohn] E[dward] Taylor, […], →OCLC，第 297 頁:
      M. Malaguti finds that dry chlorine, while acting in the dark upon oxacid æthers, always attacks, and in a uniform manner, the sulphuric æther which is the base of them. […] The action of potash on the compound chloridized æthers is also constant and uniform: the results are always chloride of potassium, acetate of potash, and an organic salt with a base of potash, the acid of which is that which existed in the compound chloridized æther.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1851, A[uguste André Thomas] Cahours, 「[Notices of Papers Contained in the Foreign Journals.] On Anisol and Phenetol」, 出自 Henry Watts 編, The Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London, 第 III 卷, London: Hippolyte Bailliere, […]; Paris: J. B. Baillière, […]; Madrid: Bailly Baillière, […], →OCLC，第 78 頁:
      When chlorine gas is passed in excess through salicylic ether (salicylae of ethyl) heated over a water-bath, a solid substance is formed which is soluble in hot alcohol, and crystallizes, on cooling, in beautiful colourless tables. This compound is bichloruretted salicylic ether, formed from salicylic ether (C18H10O6) by the substitution of 2 eq. chlorine for 2 eq. hydrogen: its composition is therefore C18H8Cl2O6.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1858年10月15日, M. Hanhart, 「On Some New Æthers of Stearic and Margaric Acids」, 出自 William Francis 編, The Chemical Gazette, or, Journal of Practical Chemistry, in All Its Applications to Pharmacy, Arts and Manufactures, 第 XVI 卷, 第 CCCLXXXIV 期, London: Published by Taylor and Francis, […]，第 384 頁:
      […] I allude to the æthers formed by the union of fatty acids with different alcohols. […] With regard to the fatty æthers themselves, I prepared them generally by M. Berthelot's method, by heating the alcohol and the acid for a day at 392°F. in a tube hermetically sealed; the product was mixed with a little æther, and it was digested some time with slaked lime in the water-bath, to separate the free acid from the neutral compound.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  7. (不可數) 引擎助燃劑
衍生詞
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相關詞
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派生詞
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  • → 朝鮮語: 에테르 (etereu)
  • → 漢語: 以太

詞源2

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源自2001年美國歌手納斯的歌曲「Ether」。

動詞

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ether (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 ethers，現在分詞 ethering，一般過去時及過去分詞 ethered)

  1. (及物，俚語) 惡毒地羞辱或侮辱
    近義詞：參見Thesaurus:abash
    The battle rapper ethered his opponent and caused him to slink away in shame.
    那個說唱歌手惡毒地羞辱了他的對手一番，整得他溜走了。
    • 2014年2月26日, Tom Ley, 「HS Coach Gets Ethered by Girlfriend on FB, Resigns Amid Investigation」, 出自 Deadspin‎[6]，於22 October 2018歸檔自原頁面:
      HS Coach Gets Ethered By Girlfriend On FB, Resigns Amid Investigation [article title] […] On Monday, a woman living in Bowling Green, Ky., used her Facebook page to unleash one of the coldest, boyfriend-crushingest Dear John letters you'll ever read.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2015年8月15日, 「Pass the Remote: What is a Popular Show Everyone Loves but You Hate?」, 出自 TV.com‎[7]，於20 December 2018歸檔自原頁面:
      Cory Barker: Game of Thrones is the easiest answer for me, but MaryAnn [Sleasman] did a fine job of ethering that overrated hunk of junk, so I'm free to take a few shots at Sherlock.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2015年9月15日, Kirsten Yoonsoo Kim, 「Steven Soderbergh Ethers James Cameron to Promote His Brandy」, 出自 Complex‎[8]，於19 September 2015歸檔自原頁面:
      Best of all, [Steven] Soderbergh, a shade queen of our time!!!, slyly ethers James Cameron: […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2016年2月25日, Rohan Nadkarni, 「How does Kanye West Tweet So Fast?: Some Working Theories—because these Rants are Coming at a Record Speed」, 出自 GQ‎[9]，於28 February 2016歸檔自原頁面:
      On Wednesday, I found myself nodding along vigorously to the latest Kanye West Twitter screed, as this particular iteration included a call for more inclusion at the Grammys and one extremely polite ethering of Macklemore.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

詞源3

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名詞

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ether (複數 ether)

  1. (加密貨幣) Ether的大小寫替代形式
    • 2018, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps‎[10], O'Reilly Media, →ISBN:
      Gas is not ether–it's a separate virtual currency with its own exchange rate against ether.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

參考資料

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  1. ↑ 「ēther, n.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 19 December 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 「ether, n.」，OED Online Paid subscription required⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，March 2014年
  3. ↑ 「ether」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

荷蘭語

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詞源

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繼承自中古荷蘭語 ether，來自拉丁語 aethēr，來自古希臘語 αἰθήρ (aithḗr)。

發音

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名詞

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ether m (複數 ethers)

  1. (廣播，不可數) 廣播電視信號傳播的媒介
    De televisieaanbieder gaat digitale televisie via de ether uitzenden.
    電視供應商將無線廣播數字電視。
  2. (有機化學) 乙醚
  3. (歷史) 以太 （第五元素）
    近義詞：kwintessens
  4. (歷史，物理學) 以太 （電磁波介質）

衍生詞

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派生詞

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異序詞

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葡萄牙語

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名詞

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ether m (複數 etheres)

  1. éter的已棄用拼寫 (葡萄牙使用至1911年9月，巴西使用至1920年代)
取自「https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ether&oldid=8462715」