Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2014
The authors describe uterus retrieval in cadavers. Uterine retrieval with its vasculature could b... more The authors describe uterus retrieval in cadavers. Uterine retrieval with its vasculature could be successfully achieved in four of the presented cases. Special attention was given to dissection of bilateral ureters and hypogastric vasculature. Uterine retrieval with its vasculature and supporting sacrouterine,vesicouterine peritoneal folds is an anatomically feasible procedure in preparation for uterus transplantation.
The frequency of obturator nerve damage due to pelvic diseases, fractures or gynecologic procedur... more The frequency of obturator nerve damage due to pelvic diseases, fractures or gynecologic procedures is uncertain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FK506, a potent macrolide antibiotic and immunosuppresant, on obturator nerve recovery at morphological and functional levels. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, sham, FK506-treated, vehicle-treated). In half of animals (FK506-treated and vehicle-treated) an obturator nerve crush (30 seconds clamp) was created. In FK506-treated group FK506 administration (1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) was performed on each postoperative day. All the rats were functionally evaluated by pinch and adduction tests preoperatively and postoperatively at one, two, three and four weeks after nerve injury. On the 28th postoperative day obturator nerve samples were collected and analyzed qualitatively by light and electron microscopy. FK506 treatment resulted in dramatic improvement in nerve function and in t...
Morphologie : bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes, 2004
An abnormal abductor pollicis longus muscle was encountered bilaterally during the dissection of ... more An abnormal abductor pollicis longus muscle was encountered bilaterally during the dissection of the upper limb of a 26-year-old male cadaver. In the left side, the abductor pollicis longus had seven tendon slips. The medial two inserted into the abductor pollicis brevis, the other five inserted into the base of the first metacarpal bone. In the right side of the case, the abductor pollicis longus was consisted of three bellies. The lateral belly's tendon was the main abductor pollicis longus tendon and inserted into the base of the first metacarpal bone. The medial belly inserted into the abductor pollicis brevis. Between these muscle bellies, there was an intermediate belly. Its tendon was split into two thin slips and inserted into both the abductor pollicis brevis and the opponens pollicis muscles. The number of such accessory tendons has a functional significance in the development of de Quervain's stenosing tendovaginitis and possibly also has a practical significance....
Melatonin is known to reduce detrimental effects of free radicals by stimulating antioxidant enzy... more Melatonin is known to reduce detrimental effects of free radicals by stimulating antioxidant enzymes, however its role has not been studied in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of melatonin on motor activity and oxidative stress parameters in 6-OHDA-induced rat model of PD. Three month old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: vehicle (V), melatonin-treated (M), 6-OHDA-injected (6-OHDA), 6-OHDA-injected + melatonin-treated (6-OHDA-Mel) and melatonin treated + 6-OHDA-injected (Mel-6-OHDA) group. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10mg/kg/day for 30 days in M and Mel-6-OHDA groups, for 7 days in 6-OHDA-Mel group. Rats received a unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The 6-OHDA-Mel group started receiving melatonin when experimental PD was created and the treatment was continued for 7 days. In the Mel-6-OHDA group, experimental PD was created on the 23rd day of melatonin treatment and continued for the remaning 7 days. Locomotor activity decreased in 6-OHDA group compared to vehicle, however melatonin treatment did not improve this impairment. 6-OHDA injection caused an obvious reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neuron viability as determined by immunohistochemistry. Melatonin supplementation decreased dopaminergic neuron death in 6-OHDA-Mel and Mel-6-OHDA groups compared to 6-OHDA. Biochemical analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of melatonin displaying higher SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and lower lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra (SN) samples in comparison to non-treated 6-OHDA group. Starting melatonin treatment before creating experimental PD was more effective on observed changes.
Transpedicular spinal fixation has recently been the focus of increased attention in several inst... more Transpedicular spinal fixation has recently been the focus of increased attention in several institutions throughout the world, but its safety and efficacy are still important questions for orthopedic surgeons. Accurate screwing through the pedicle will avoid neurologic complications and increase the stability of the instrumentation. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the anatomic relations quantitatively between the lumbar pedicle and the adjacent dural sac and nerve roots, to determine the risky areas for neural injury during transpedicular screw placement. Ten adult cadavers were used for observation of the lumbar pedicle and its relations. After removal of the laminas and facets, the lumbar pedicles, dural sac, and nerve roots were exposed. Interpedicular distance (IPD), pedicle-inferior nerve root distance (PIRD), pedicle-superior nerve root distance (PSRD), and pedicle-dural sac distance (PDSD) were measured. Average distance from the lumbar pedicle to the dural sac medial...
This study aimed to elucidate locomotor activity changes in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Pa... more This study aimed to elucidate locomotor activity changes in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) and investigate the possible beneficial effects of melatonin on altered levels of locomotor activity, cyclooxygenase (COX), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), nitrate/nitrite and apoptosis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: vehicle (V), melatonin-treated (M), 6-OHDA-injected (6-OHDA), 6-OHDA-injected + melatonin-treated (6-OHDA-Mel) and melatonin treated + 6-OHDA-injected (Mel-6-OHDA). Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 30 days in M and Mel-6-OHDA groups, for 7 days in 6-OHDA-Mel group. Experimental PD was created stereotactically via unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The 6-OHDA-Mel group started receiving melatonin when experimental PD was created and treatment was continued for 7 days (post-treatment). In the Mel-6-OHDA group, experimental PD was created on the 23rd day of melatonin treatment and continued for the remaining 7 days (pre- and post-treatment). Locomotor activity performance decreased in 6-OHDA group compared with vehicle; however melatonin treatment did not improve this impairment. Nuclear factor kappa Bp65 and Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased while COX, PGE2 and caspase-3 activity were significantly increased in 6-OHDA group. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased COX, PGE2 and caspase-3 activity, increased Bcl-2 and had no effect on NF-κB levels in experimental PD. 6-Hydroxydopamine injection caused an obvious reduction in TH positive dopaminergic neuron viability as determined by immunohistochemistry. Melatonin supplementation decreased dopaminergic neuron death in 6-OHDA-Mel and Mel-6-OHDA groups compared with 6-OHDA group. Melatonin also protected against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, as identified by increment in Bcl-2 levels in dopaminergic neurons. The protective effect of melatonin was more prominent for most parameter following 30 days treatment (pre- and post-) than 7 days post-treatment. In summary, melatonin treatment decreased dopaminergic neuron death in experimental PD model by increasing Bcl-2 protein level and decreasing caspase-3 activity.
Treatment of the craniofacial malformations is a primary goal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgeons. ... more Treatment of the craniofacial malformations is a primary goal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgeons. Surgical treatment of these malformations requires accurate data. Accuracy of measurement should be a priority of scientists to prevent statistical errors and therefore to promote the comparison of the results obtained from various research groups. In the present study, we aimed to compare three different measurement techniques, which were used frequently in craniofacial measurements. A total number of 35 female and 35 male volunteer adults were included to the study. Two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry, three-dimensional (3D) digitization and manual anthropometry methods were used for the present study. Measurements were obtained from the ear, eye, nose and face. By comparing three methods, our findings revealed that 3D digitization method is an easy, robust, and sensitive method to obtain the data. We think that 3D digitization method is accurate, and it can be applied to both clinical practice and research. Advantages and disadvantages of three methods are discussed with the relevant literature.
Melatonin stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the precise effect of Melatonin on n... more Melatonin stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the precise effect of Melatonin on nerve repair in dark period have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on sciatic nerve injury after melatonin was given to rats in the morning or evening by means of combined analysis. This is the first study to investigate the influence of melatonin on sciatic nerve in cut injury two different times of the day. 60 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (Group 1), sham-operated (Group 2), sciatic nerve cut+melatonin treatment in light (Group 3), sciatic nerve cut+melatonin treatment in dark (Group 4). Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at dose of 50 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Recovery of function was analyzed by structural (biochemical properties of the antioxidant levels and ultrastructural analysis) and functional analyses (Sciatic function index, pinch test). The data demonstrated beneficial effect of melatonin in light period. However significant beneficial effect of melatonin was detected on the recovery of the cut sciatic nerve in dark period. Melatonin treatment was unable to influence on the recovery of the cut sciatic nerve in dark period. This means that the effect of melatonin the recovery of the cut injured sciatic nerve depends on the time of treatment may be attributed to its circadian rhythm.
The purpose was to compare the computed tomographic and plain film measurements with those of ana... more The purpose was to compare the computed tomographic and plain film measurements with those of anatomical specimens to determine the antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal in cervical region. Antero-posterior diameters of 75 cervical vertebral canals (15 sets of C3-C7) were measured anatomically at two different levels. Computed tomographic and plain film measurements were also obtained at the corresponding levels. Considering anatomical measurements as the gold standard, plain film and computed tomographic measurements were statistically compared. Interobserver and intraobserver differences were also evaluated. At the uppermost pedicle levels, there was no statistically significant difference between plain films and anatomical measurements, a good correlation. However, at lowermost pedicle level there was a statistically significant difference between plain films and anatomical measurements but not between tomographic and anatomical measurements. Our results suggest that plain films can accurately estimate cervical spinal canal mid-sagittal diameter at the uppermost pedicle level and be used as a first step examination for the evaluation of cervical spinal stenoses.
Anatomical measurements were studied on 40 dry axis vertebrae to determine the suitability of the... more Anatomical measurements were studied on 40 dry axis vertebrae to determine the suitability of the groove for the vertebral artery for atlanto-axial transarticular screw fixation technique. We measured 13 parameters including three angular and 10 linear dimensions related to the groove of the vertebral artery, pedicle, and pars interarticularis and evaluated 80 measurements for each parameter. All measurements were done after placing a Kischner guide wire through the pedicle. We found that differences between measurements on the left and right sides of each vertebra were nonsignificant. In spite of the variability in measurements such as height, width, and median angle of the pedicle, the decline angle for instrumentation, the depth of the groove for the vertebral artery, and the internal height of the pars interarticularis, all of these had good symmetry. However, there were statistically significant differences between the sides in measurements for both the width (P=0.05) and the angle (P<0.02) of the pedicle allowing instrumentation and they did not show good symmetry. The risk of vertebral artery injury was found to be 22.5% per specimen, or 16.25% per screw inserted because the internal height of the pars interarticularis at point of fixation was </= 2.1 mm. In addition, we found that the pedicle width allowing instrumentation was not suitable in 12.5% of screws inserted because their values were </= 6 mm. When the width of the pedicle for instrumentation and the internal height of the pars interarticularis were both evaluated together, we also found that this technique would be extremely dangerous in 7.5% of specimens. In conclusion, the internal height of the pars interarticularis and the width of the pedicle for instrumentation should be evaluated together in thin CT sections preoperatively, because of the risk of vertebral artery injury in patients upon which atlanto-axial transarticular screw fixation is to be performed.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2014
The authors describe uterus retrieval in cadavers. Uterine retrieval with its vasculature could b... more The authors describe uterus retrieval in cadavers. Uterine retrieval with its vasculature could be successfully achieved in four of the presented cases. Special attention was given to dissection of bilateral ureters and hypogastric vasculature. Uterine retrieval with its vasculature and supporting sacrouterine,vesicouterine peritoneal folds is an anatomically feasible procedure in preparation for uterus transplantation.
The frequency of obturator nerve damage due to pelvic diseases, fractures or gynecologic procedur... more The frequency of obturator nerve damage due to pelvic diseases, fractures or gynecologic procedures is uncertain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FK506, a potent macrolide antibiotic and immunosuppresant, on obturator nerve recovery at morphological and functional levels. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, sham, FK506-treated, vehicle-treated). In half of animals (FK506-treated and vehicle-treated) an obturator nerve crush (30 seconds clamp) was created. In FK506-treated group FK506 administration (1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) was performed on each postoperative day. All the rats were functionally evaluated by pinch and adduction tests preoperatively and postoperatively at one, two, three and four weeks after nerve injury. On the 28th postoperative day obturator nerve samples were collected and analyzed qualitatively by light and electron microscopy. FK506 treatment resulted in dramatic improvement in nerve function and in t...
Morphologie : bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes, 2004
An abnormal abductor pollicis longus muscle was encountered bilaterally during the dissection of ... more An abnormal abductor pollicis longus muscle was encountered bilaterally during the dissection of the upper limb of a 26-year-old male cadaver. In the left side, the abductor pollicis longus had seven tendon slips. The medial two inserted into the abductor pollicis brevis, the other five inserted into the base of the first metacarpal bone. In the right side of the case, the abductor pollicis longus was consisted of three bellies. The lateral belly's tendon was the main abductor pollicis longus tendon and inserted into the base of the first metacarpal bone. The medial belly inserted into the abductor pollicis brevis. Between these muscle bellies, there was an intermediate belly. Its tendon was split into two thin slips and inserted into both the abductor pollicis brevis and the opponens pollicis muscles. The number of such accessory tendons has a functional significance in the development of de Quervain's stenosing tendovaginitis and possibly also has a practical significance....
Melatonin is known to reduce detrimental effects of free radicals by stimulating antioxidant enzy... more Melatonin is known to reduce detrimental effects of free radicals by stimulating antioxidant enzymes, however its role has not been studied in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of melatonin on motor activity and oxidative stress parameters in 6-OHDA-induced rat model of PD. Three month old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: vehicle (V), melatonin-treated (M), 6-OHDA-injected (6-OHDA), 6-OHDA-injected + melatonin-treated (6-OHDA-Mel) and melatonin treated + 6-OHDA-injected (Mel-6-OHDA) group. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10mg/kg/day for 30 days in M and Mel-6-OHDA groups, for 7 days in 6-OHDA-Mel group. Rats received a unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The 6-OHDA-Mel group started receiving melatonin when experimental PD was created and the treatment was continued for 7 days. In the Mel-6-OHDA group, experimental PD was created on the 23rd day of melatonin treatment and continued for the remaning 7 days. Locomotor activity decreased in 6-OHDA group compared to vehicle, however melatonin treatment did not improve this impairment. 6-OHDA injection caused an obvious reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neuron viability as determined by immunohistochemistry. Melatonin supplementation decreased dopaminergic neuron death in 6-OHDA-Mel and Mel-6-OHDA groups compared to 6-OHDA. Biochemical analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of melatonin displaying higher SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and lower lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra (SN) samples in comparison to non-treated 6-OHDA group. Starting melatonin treatment before creating experimental PD was more effective on observed changes.
Transpedicular spinal fixation has recently been the focus of increased attention in several inst... more Transpedicular spinal fixation has recently been the focus of increased attention in several institutions throughout the world, but its safety and efficacy are still important questions for orthopedic surgeons. Accurate screwing through the pedicle will avoid neurologic complications and increase the stability of the instrumentation. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the anatomic relations quantitatively between the lumbar pedicle and the adjacent dural sac and nerve roots, to determine the risky areas for neural injury during transpedicular screw placement. Ten adult cadavers were used for observation of the lumbar pedicle and its relations. After removal of the laminas and facets, the lumbar pedicles, dural sac, and nerve roots were exposed. Interpedicular distance (IPD), pedicle-inferior nerve root distance (PIRD), pedicle-superior nerve root distance (PSRD), and pedicle-dural sac distance (PDSD) were measured. Average distance from the lumbar pedicle to the dural sac medial...
This study aimed to elucidate locomotor activity changes in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Pa... more This study aimed to elucidate locomotor activity changes in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) and investigate the possible beneficial effects of melatonin on altered levels of locomotor activity, cyclooxygenase (COX), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), nitrate/nitrite and apoptosis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: vehicle (V), melatonin-treated (M), 6-OHDA-injected (6-OHDA), 6-OHDA-injected + melatonin-treated (6-OHDA-Mel) and melatonin treated + 6-OHDA-injected (Mel-6-OHDA). Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 30 days in M and Mel-6-OHDA groups, for 7 days in 6-OHDA-Mel group. Experimental PD was created stereotactically via unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The 6-OHDA-Mel group started receiving melatonin when experimental PD was created and treatment was continued for 7 days (post-treatment). In the Mel-6-OHDA group, experimental PD was created on the 23rd day of melatonin treatment and continued for the remaining 7 days (pre- and post-treatment). Locomotor activity performance decreased in 6-OHDA group compared with vehicle; however melatonin treatment did not improve this impairment. Nuclear factor kappa Bp65 and Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased while COX, PGE2 and caspase-3 activity were significantly increased in 6-OHDA group. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased COX, PGE2 and caspase-3 activity, increased Bcl-2 and had no effect on NF-κB levels in experimental PD. 6-Hydroxydopamine injection caused an obvious reduction in TH positive dopaminergic neuron viability as determined by immunohistochemistry. Melatonin supplementation decreased dopaminergic neuron death in 6-OHDA-Mel and Mel-6-OHDA groups compared with 6-OHDA group. Melatonin also protected against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, as identified by increment in Bcl-2 levels in dopaminergic neurons. The protective effect of melatonin was more prominent for most parameter following 30 days treatment (pre- and post-) than 7 days post-treatment. In summary, melatonin treatment decreased dopaminergic neuron death in experimental PD model by increasing Bcl-2 protein level and decreasing caspase-3 activity.
Treatment of the craniofacial malformations is a primary goal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgeons. ... more Treatment of the craniofacial malformations is a primary goal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgeons. Surgical treatment of these malformations requires accurate data. Accuracy of measurement should be a priority of scientists to prevent statistical errors and therefore to promote the comparison of the results obtained from various research groups. In the present study, we aimed to compare three different measurement techniques, which were used frequently in craniofacial measurements. A total number of 35 female and 35 male volunteer adults were included to the study. Two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry, three-dimensional (3D) digitization and manual anthropometry methods were used for the present study. Measurements were obtained from the ear, eye, nose and face. By comparing three methods, our findings revealed that 3D digitization method is an easy, robust, and sensitive method to obtain the data. We think that 3D digitization method is accurate, and it can be applied to both clinical practice and research. Advantages and disadvantages of three methods are discussed with the relevant literature.
Melatonin stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the precise effect of Melatonin on n... more Melatonin stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the precise effect of Melatonin on nerve repair in dark period have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on sciatic nerve injury after melatonin was given to rats in the morning or evening by means of combined analysis. This is the first study to investigate the influence of melatonin on sciatic nerve in cut injury two different times of the day. 60 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control (Group 1), sham-operated (Group 2), sciatic nerve cut+melatonin treatment in light (Group 3), sciatic nerve cut+melatonin treatment in dark (Group 4). Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at dose of 50 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Recovery of function was analyzed by structural (biochemical properties of the antioxidant levels and ultrastructural analysis) and functional analyses (Sciatic function index, pinch test). The data demonstrated beneficial effect of melatonin in light period. However significant beneficial effect of melatonin was detected on the recovery of the cut sciatic nerve in dark period. Melatonin treatment was unable to influence on the recovery of the cut sciatic nerve in dark period. This means that the effect of melatonin the recovery of the cut injured sciatic nerve depends on the time of treatment may be attributed to its circadian rhythm.
The purpose was to compare the computed tomographic and plain film measurements with those of ana... more The purpose was to compare the computed tomographic and plain film measurements with those of anatomical specimens to determine the antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal in cervical region. Antero-posterior diameters of 75 cervical vertebral canals (15 sets of C3-C7) were measured anatomically at two different levels. Computed tomographic and plain film measurements were also obtained at the corresponding levels. Considering anatomical measurements as the gold standard, plain film and computed tomographic measurements were statistically compared. Interobserver and intraobserver differences were also evaluated. At the uppermost pedicle levels, there was no statistically significant difference between plain films and anatomical measurements, a good correlation. However, at lowermost pedicle level there was a statistically significant difference between plain films and anatomical measurements but not between tomographic and anatomical measurements. Our results suggest that plain films can accurately estimate cervical spinal canal mid-sagittal diameter at the uppermost pedicle level and be used as a first step examination for the evaluation of cervical spinal stenoses.
Anatomical measurements were studied on 40 dry axis vertebrae to determine the suitability of the... more Anatomical measurements were studied on 40 dry axis vertebrae to determine the suitability of the groove for the vertebral artery for atlanto-axial transarticular screw fixation technique. We measured 13 parameters including three angular and 10 linear dimensions related to the groove of the vertebral artery, pedicle, and pars interarticularis and evaluated 80 measurements for each parameter. All measurements were done after placing a Kischner guide wire through the pedicle. We found that differences between measurements on the left and right sides of each vertebra were nonsignificant. In spite of the variability in measurements such as height, width, and median angle of the pedicle, the decline angle for instrumentation, the depth of the groove for the vertebral artery, and the internal height of the pars interarticularis, all of these had good symmetry. However, there were statistically significant differences between the sides in measurements for both the width (P=0.05) and the angle (P<0.02) of the pedicle allowing instrumentation and they did not show good symmetry. The risk of vertebral artery injury was found to be 22.5% per specimen, or 16.25% per screw inserted because the internal height of the pars interarticularis at point of fixation was </= 2.1 mm. In addition, we found that the pedicle width allowing instrumentation was not suitable in 12.5% of screws inserted because their values were </= 6 mm. When the width of the pedicle for instrumentation and the internal height of the pars interarticularis were both evaluated together, we also found that this technique would be extremely dangerous in 7.5% of specimens. In conclusion, the internal height of the pars interarticularis and the width of the pedicle for instrumentation should be evaluated together in thin CT sections preoperatively, because of the risk of vertebral artery injury in patients upon which atlanto-axial transarticular screw fixation is to be performed.
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