- About the Authors Dr. Hermann Schmitt Hermann Schmitt is a Professor of Political Science. He holds a Chair in Electoral Politics at the University of Manchester and is a research fellow of the MZES and a Professor at the University of Mannheim. He has been participating in a number of comparative projects; perhaps most important is his involvement, from 1979 on, in the series of European Election Studies. He received substantial research grants from European, German and British institutions. He is the author and editor of numerous books and articles on electoral behavior in multilevel-systems and on political representation in the European Union.
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- Politics and Governance, 2016, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 167-181 177 Carrubba, C., & Timpone, R. J. (2005). Explaining vote switching across first- and second-order elections evidence from Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 38(3), 260-281.
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- Politics and Governance, 2016, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 167-181 179 Ilke Toygür Ilke Toygür is a PhD Candidate at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Department of Political Science and International Relations and a Mercator-IPC Fellow in Istanbul Policy Center, Sabancı University. Her main academic research areas include European Union integration, political parties, and elections in Europe. She has been teaching various courses including “Elections and Political Behaviour†and “Politics and Government in the European Union†both in English and in Spanish. She has been a visiting researcher in the European University Institute, Florence and MZES, University of Mannheim.
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- Schmitt, H., Hobolt, S., & Popa, S. A. (2015). European election study 2014, voter study. doi:10.4232/1.5161 Schmitt, H., & Mannheimer, R. (1991). About voting and non-voting in the European Parliament elections of June 1989. European Journal of Political Research, 19, 31-54.
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