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About: Atoroidal

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In mathematics, an atoroidal 3-manifold is one that does not contain an essential torus.There are two major variations in this terminology: an essential torus may be defined geometrically, as an embedded, non-boundary parallel, incompressible torus, or it may be defined algebraically, as a subgroup of its fundamental group that is not conjugate to a peripheral subgroup (i.e., the image of the map on fundamental group induced by an inclusion of a boundary component). The terminology is not standardized, and different authors require atoroidal 3-manifolds to satisfy certain additional restrictions. For instance:

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  • In der dreidimensionalen Topologie beschreibt Atoroidalität eine Beziehung zwischen dem Rand einer Mannigfaltigkeit und der Mannigfaltigkeit selbst. Eine irreduzible Mannigfaltigkeit heißt geometrisch atoroidal, wenn sich jeder in inkompressibel eingebettete 2-Torus durch eine Isotopie auf eine Randkomponente von verschieben lässt. Dies bedeutet, dass keine eingebetteten Tori enthält, außer solchen, die offensichtlich existieren müssen. Eine irreduzible Mannigfaltigkeit heißt homotopisch atoroidal, wenn jede Abbildung , die die Fundamentalgruppe des Torus injektiv in die Fundamentalgruppe von abbildet, zu einer Abbildung in den Rand homotop ist. Dies entspricht der Eigenschaft der Fundamentalgruppe von , dass jede Untergruppe der Form zur Fundamentalgruppe einer Torus-Randkomponente konjugiert ist. Man kann zeigen, dass „geometrisch atoroidal“ aus „homotopisch atoroidal“ folgt. Die Umkehrung gilt jedoch nicht. Der Torus-Satz besagt, dass eine geometrisch atoroidale 3-Mannigfaltigkeit entweder homotopisch atoroidal oder ein Seifertscher Faserraum ist. Die Hyperbolisierungvermutung von Thurston besagt, dass jede irreduzible homotopisch atoroidale Mannigfaltigkeit mit unendlicher Fundamentalgruppe eine hyperbolische Struktur trägt. (de)
  • In mathematics, an atoroidal 3-manifold is one that does not contain an essential torus.There are two major variations in this terminology: an essential torus may be defined geometrically, as an embedded, non-boundary parallel, incompressible torus, or it may be defined algebraically, as a subgroup of its fundamental group that is not conjugate to a peripheral subgroup (i.e., the image of the map on fundamental group induced by an inclusion of a boundary component). The terminology is not standardized, and different authors require atoroidal 3-manifolds to satisfy certain additional restrictions. For instance: * Boris Apanasov gives a definition of atoroidality that combines both geometric and algebraic aspects, in terms of maps from a torus to the manifold and the induced maps on the fundamental group. He then notes that for irreducible boundary-incompressible 3-manifolds this gives the algebraic definition. * Jean-Pierre Otal uses the algebraic definition without additional restrictions. * Bennett Chow uses the geometric definition, restricted to irreducible manifolds. * Michael Kapovich requires the algebraic variant of atoroidal manifolds (which he calls simply atoroidal) to avoid being one of three kinds of fiber bundle. He makes the same restriction on geometrically atoroidal manifolds (which he calls topologically atoroidal) and in addition requires them to avoid incompressible boundary-parallel embedded Klein bottles. With these definitions, the two kinds of atoroidality are equivalent except on certain Seifert manifolds. A 3-manifold that is not atoroidal is called toroidal. (en)
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  • Michael Kapovich (en)
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  • Michael (en)
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  • Kapovich (en)
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  • 2009 (xsd:integer)
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  • In mathematics, an atoroidal 3-manifold is one that does not contain an essential torus.There are two major variations in this terminology: an essential torus may be defined geometrically, as an embedded, non-boundary parallel, incompressible torus, or it may be defined algebraically, as a subgroup of its fundamental group that is not conjugate to a peripheral subgroup (i.e., the image of the map on fundamental group induced by an inclusion of a boundary component). The terminology is not standardized, and different authors require atoroidal 3-manifolds to satisfy certain additional restrictions. For instance: (en)
  • In der dreidimensionalen Topologie beschreibt Atoroidalität eine Beziehung zwischen dem Rand einer Mannigfaltigkeit und der Mannigfaltigkeit selbst. Eine irreduzible Mannigfaltigkeit heißt geometrisch atoroidal, wenn sich jeder in inkompressibel eingebettete 2-Torus durch eine Isotopie auf eine Randkomponente von verschieben lässt. Dies bedeutet, dass keine eingebetteten Tori enthält, außer solchen, die offensichtlich existieren müssen. (de)
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  • Atoroidale Mannigfaltigkeit (de)
  • Atoroidal (en)
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