Barbara Ruben Migeon (born July 31, 1931) is a professor at the Johns Hopkins University Institute of Genetic Medicine. She founded the Johns Hopkins University program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology. Migeon is the author of Females are Mosaics: X inactivation and sex differences in disease. She was awarded the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Dimes/Colonel Harland D. Sanders Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016.