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- The Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, so named after Hans Held who first described it in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. Globular bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) send axons to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells. These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO), where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for interaural level detection (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization. This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain. The related endbulb of Held is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 μm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus. As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer. The calyx of Held holds vesicles containing glutamate on the presynaptic terminal, the vesicles are released upon stimulation (originating in the auditory system). The glutamate then binds to two known glutamate receptors, AMPA- and NMDA receptors. Commonly used in research due to its large size, the calyx of Held has been used to understand a variety of mechanisms related to development of, and vesicle release of the synapse. (en)
- ヘルト萼状シナプス（ヘルトがくじょうシナプス、英語読み：ヘルドがくじょうシナプス、英：Calyx of Held）とは、蝸牛神経核から対側の台形体核主細胞に対して形成されるシナプスである。音情報の高い時間精度での伝播のため、形態的にも機能的にも特殊なシナプスである。ハンス・ヘルトが報告したことからその名を冠して呼称される。 その大きさの故にシナプス前終末に直接パッチクランプ記録ができるため、生理学的な実験に広く用いられる。 (ja)
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- ヘルト萼状シナプス（ヘルトがくじょうシナプス、英語読み：ヘルドがくじょうシナプス、英：Calyx of Held）とは、蝸牛神経核から対側の台形体核主細胞に対して形成されるシナプスである。音情報の高い時間精度での伝播のため、形態的にも機能的にも特殊なシナプスである。ハンス・ヘルトが報告したことからその名を冠して呼称される。 その大きさの故にシナプス前終末に直接パッチクランプ記録ができるため、生理学的な実験に広く用いられる。 (ja)
- The Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, so named after Hans Held who first described it in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. Globular bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) send axons to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells. These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO), where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for interaural level detection (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization. This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain. (en)
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- Calyx of Held (en)
- ヘルト萼状シナプス (ja)
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