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- Els lèmurs són primats estrepsirrins endèmics de Madagascar. El grup inclou el primat més petit del món, el lèmur ratolí de Madame Berthe, amb un pes de 30 g, així com espècies de la mida de l'indri, que pot arribar a pesar 9,5 kg. Algunes espècies d'extinció recent eren encara més grans. A 2010 se'n reconeixien 5 famílies, 15 gèneres i 101 espècies i subespècies. A 2014, el nombre d'espècies i subespècies reconegudes pujava a 113, de les quals la Unió Internacional per a la Conservació de la Natura (UICN) en classificava 24 com a en perill crític, 49 com a amenaçades, 20 com a vulnerables, 3 com a gairebé amenaçades, 3 com a en risc mínim i 4 com a espècies amb dades insuficients, mentre que 2 d'elles encara no havien estat avaluades. (ca)
- Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar. They include the smallest primate in the world, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 grams (1.1 oz), and range up to the size of the indri, which can weigh as much as 9.5 kilograms (21 lb). However, recently extinct species grew much larger. As of 2010, five families, 15 genera, and 101 species and subspecies of lemur were formally recognized. From 2000 through 2008, 39 new species were described and nine other taxa resurrected. By 2014, the number of species plus subspecies recognized had increased to 113; of the 105 species then known, the IUCN classified 24 as critically endangered, 49 as endangered, 20 as vulnerable, three as near threatened, three as least concern and four as data deficient; two were yet to be evaluated. The number of lemur species is likely to continue growing in the coming years, as field studies, cytogenetic and molecular genetic research continues. There is not complete agreement over the latest revisions to lemur taxonomy, with some experts preferring an estimated 50 lemur species. The debates are likely to continue, as some scholars label the explosive growth of species numbers as taxonomic inflation. In many cases, classifications will ultimately depend upon which species concept is used. In the case of the lemurs of Madagascar, which have suffered extensively from deforestation and habitat fragmentation, nearly 70% of all species were either endangered or critically endangered as of 2014, most have yet to be extensively studied, and nearly all populations are in decline. For these reasons, taxonomists and conservationists favor splitting them into separate species to develop an effective strategy for the conservation of the full range of lemur diversity. Implicitly, this means that full species status will help grant genetically distinct populations added environmental protection. At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar. All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction. Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans. Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible. There is strong evidence of extensive declines in extant populations since the introductions of humans, particularly among the larger and more specialized lemurs. As long as habitats continue to shrink, degrade and fragment, extinctions are likely to continue. (en)
- Toutes les espèces de lémuriens sont des primates strepsirrhiniens endémiques de Madagascar. Elles vont du Microcèbe de Mme Berthe, le plus petit primate du monde (qui pèse 30 grammes), jusqu'à l'Indri (qui peut peser jusqu'à 9,5 kg). Certaines des espèces de lémuriens récemment éteintes avaient une taille beaucoup plus grande. Entre 2000 et 2008, 39 nouvelles espèces ont été décrites et neuf autres taxons sont redevenus valides. En 2010, cinq familles, 15 genres et 101 espèces et sous espèces de lémuriens sont officiellement reconnus. Sur les 111 espèces et sous-espèces, l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) en classe huit comme en danger critique d'extinction (CR), 18 en danger (EN), 15 vulnérables (VU), quatre quasi menacées (NT), huit de préoccupation mineure (LC), 41 sont considérées de données insuffisantes (DD), et sept n'ont pas encore été évaluées. En 2020, à cause principalement de la déforestation et parfois de la chasse illégale, sur les 107 espèces de lémuriens de Madagascar, la quasi-totalité (103) sont menacées de disparition. La liste des 25 primates les plus menacés au monde publiée tous les 2 ans depuis l'an 2000 mentionne 18 espèces de lémuriens en grand danger d'extinction. (fr)
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- Els lèmurs són primats estrepsirrins endèmics de Madagascar. El grup inclou el primat més petit del món, el lèmur ratolí de Madame Berthe, amb un pes de 30 g, així com espècies de la mida de l'indri, que pot arribar a pesar 9,5 kg. Algunes espècies d'extinció recent eren encara més grans. A 2010 se'n reconeixien 5 famílies, 15 gèneres i 101 espècies i subespècies. A 2014, el nombre d'espècies i subespècies reconegudes pujava a 113, de les quals la Unió Internacional per a la Conservació de la Natura (UICN) en classificava 24 com a en perill crític, 49 com a amenaçades, 20 com a vulnerables, 3 com a gairebé amenaçades, 3 com a en risc mínim i 4 com a espècies amb dades insuficients, mentre que 2 d'elles encara no havien estat avaluades. (ca)
- Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar. They include the smallest primate in the world, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 grams (1.1 oz), and range up to the size of the indri, which can weigh as much as 9.5 kilograms (21 lb). However, recently extinct species grew much larger. As of 2010, five families, 15 genera, and 101 species and subspecies of lemur were formally recognized. From 2000 through 2008, 39 new species were described and nine other taxa resurrected. By 2014, the number of species plus subspecies recognized had increased to 113; of the 105 species then known, the IUCN classified 24 as critically endangered, 49 as endangered, 20 as vulnerable, three as near threatened, three as least concern and four as data deficient; two (en)
- Toutes les espèces de lémuriens sont des primates strepsirrhiniens endémiques de Madagascar. Elles vont du Microcèbe de Mme Berthe, le plus petit primate du monde (qui pèse 30 grammes), jusqu'à l'Indri (qui peut peser jusqu'à 9,5 kg). Certaines des espèces de lémuriens récemment éteintes avaient une taille beaucoup plus grande. Entre 2000 et 2008, 39 nouvelles espèces ont été décrites et neuf autres taxons sont redevenus valides. (fr)
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