The Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment system, commonly abbreviated as MCAS /ˈɛmkæs/, is Massachusetts's statewide standards-based assessment program developed in 1993 in response to the Massachusetts Education Reform Act of the same year. State and federal law mandates that all students who are enrolled in the tested grades and who are educated with Massachusetts public funds participate in MCAS testing. If necessary, students are given multiple opportunities to take the test to maximize the chance that said student will pass the exam.