I am an Entrepreneurial CEO of one of the pioneers in the world of salivary diagnostics [Oasis Diagnostics Corporation, www.4saliva.com ], having developed and commercialized multiple technologies for the standardized collection and testing of saliva specimens for liquid biopsy, consumer and laboratory based genetics, pediatrics, hormones, veterinary applications and point of care testing, among others. PhD Organic Chemist, Honorary Professor to Central South University in Changsha, China and Co-Founder and Organizer of the North American Saliva Symposium [NASS, www.salivasymposium.com ], an annual meeting that brings together key opinion leaders from academia and the commercial sector together for inspiring presentations and networking with the aim of improving global health through the development of novel, non-invasive tools using saliva. Address: Vancouver, Washington, United States
Saliva as a biological fluid is gaining wider acceptance for diagnosing diseases. The growing int... more Saliva as a biological fluid is gaining wider acceptance for diagnosing diseases. The growing interest in saliva as a biological fluid is due to its noninvasiveness, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and multiple sample collection possibilities as well as minimal risk to health care professionals of contracting infectious organisms such as HIV and Hep B. However, the clinical translation of saliva is hampered by our lack of understanding of the biomolecular transportation from blood into saliva, the diurnal variations of biomolecules present in saliva, and relatively low levels of analytes (100th to a 1000th fold less than in blood). We provide information on the current status of salivary research, salivary diagnostics empowered by nanotechnology, and future prospects in this emerging field of saliva diagnostics.
Abstract Thermolysis of a number of bicyclic trihalocyclopropanes (1; X, Y = halogen) in the pres... more Abstract Thermolysis of a number of bicyclic trihalocyclopropanes (1; X, Y = halogen) in the presence of quinoline leads either to 3-(dihalomethylene)cyclo-alkenes (8,9,10) with loss of halogen X or to ring expanded 1,2-dihalocycloalka-1,3-dienes (11,13) with loss of halogen Y, depending on ring size and on the nature of the halogen.
Journal of the California Dental Association, Feb 1, 2013
Saliva has been used as a specimen for diagnostics purposes for many years, but it has only been ... more Saliva has been used as a specimen for diagnostics purposes for many years, but it has only been in the last 10 years that a number of new tools have been developed that promise to greatly increase the use of oral specimens for broad-based diagnosis and potentially screening applications. This article focuses on tools that are commercially viable or can play a role in whole saliva collection and future testing for critical diseases.
Over the last few years, there has been a tremendous growth in less invasive diagnostic testing a... more Over the last few years, there has been a tremendous growth in less invasive diagnostic testing as a replacement for painful and expensive blood draws. The role of saliva in this growth trend has been enormous, and this has been driven in part by a growing awareness of the broad utility of saliva as a diagnostic medium and reinforced by a rapidly growing number of publications supporting new and varied applications for saliva. The aim of this chapter is to highlight some of the tools now available that are responsible for this growth trend and provide a glimpse into the future for salivary diagnostics in the research and clinical environments.
Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of sa... more Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of salivary diagnostics. This chapter describes some of the newer tools and procedures for collection, stabilization, and storage of oral fluid matrices that aid in the successful use of saliva as a test specimen. This chapter focuses particularly on nucleic acid components for downstream molecular diagnostic (MDx) testing, since this is probably the area where saliva is likely to have the greatest impact in improving healthcare for the general population.
The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests... more The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests used as part of routine health monitoring. The relatively recent introduction of salivary diagnostics has lead to a major paradigm shift in diagnostic analyses. Additionally, in this era of big data, oral fluid testing has shown promising outcomes in a number of fields, particularly the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Despite the analytical challenges involved in the interpretation of large datasets generated from biochemical studies involving bodily fluids, including saliva, many studies have identified novel oral biomarkers for diagnosing oral and systemic diseases. In this regard, oral biofluids, including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), dentinal tubular fluid (DTF), are now attracting increasing attention due to their important attributes, such as noninvasive sampling, easy handling, low cost, and more accurate diagnosis of oral diseases. Recently, the utilization of salivary diagnostics to evaluate systemic diseases and monitor general health has increased in popularity among clinicians. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which assist in the diagnosis of multiple diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), auto-immune and degenerative diseases, respiratory infections, oral diseases, and microbial (viral, bacterial and fungal) diseases. Moreover, due to its noninvasive nature and ease-of-adoption by children, it is now being used in mass screening programs, oral health-related studies and clinical trials in support of the development of therapeutic agents. The recent advent of highly sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, highly sensitives ELISAs, and homogeneous immunoassays, suggests that even small quantities of salivary biomarkers are able to be assayed accurately, providing opportunities for the development of many future diagnostic applications (including emerging technologies, such as point-of-care and rapid molecular technologies). The present article explores the omics and biochemical compositions of various oral biofluids with important value in diagnostics and monitoring.
Cortisol is a useful biomarker for determining an individual’s response to social context. Due ... more Cortisol is a useful biomarker for determining an individual’s response to social context. Due to its ability to change within minutes in response to environmental stimuli it is conveniently assessed in saliva. Although saliva has its advantages as a biological fluid, the crucial barrier of time-delay caused by traditional enzyme immunoassays remains. Regardless of the biological fluid analyzed, the delay of days to months interrupts rapid and efficient measurement of this biomarker. Rapid diagnostic tests are designed to assess presence or absence of molecules, by utilizing coats of antibodies. Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIA) are designed to produce results within minutes of sample collection.
A noninvasive malaria rapid test assesses subclinical carriage of Plasmodium falciparum (human ma... more A noninvasive malaria rapid test assesses subclinical carriage of Plasmodium falciparum (human malaria) parasites at the point of need.
Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of sa... more Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of salivary diagnostics. This chapter describes some of the newer tools and procedures for collection, stabilization, and storage of oral fluid matrices that aid in the successful use of saliva as a test specimen. This chapter focuses particularly on nucleic acid components for downstream molecular diagnostic (MDx) testing, since this is probably the area where saliva is likely to have the greatest impact in improving healthcare for the general population.
Saliva as a biological fluid is gaining wider acceptance for diagnosing diseases. The growing int... more Saliva as a biological fluid is gaining wider acceptance for diagnosing diseases. The growing interest in saliva as a biological fluid is due to its noninvasiveness, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and multiple sample collection possibilities as well as minimal risk to health care professionals of contracting infectious organisms such as HIV and Hep B. However, the clinical translation of saliva is hampered by our lack of understanding of the biomolecular transportation from blood into saliva, the diurnal variations of biomolecules present in saliva, and relatively low levels of analytes (100th to a 1000th fold less than in blood). We provide information on the current status of salivary research, salivary diagnostics empowered by nanotechnology, and future prospects in this emerging field of saliva diagnostics.
Abstract Thermolysis of a number of bicyclic trihalocyclopropanes (1; X, Y = halogen) in the pres... more Abstract Thermolysis of a number of bicyclic trihalocyclopropanes (1; X, Y = halogen) in the presence of quinoline leads either to 3-(dihalomethylene)cyclo-alkenes (8,9,10) with loss of halogen X or to ring expanded 1,2-dihalocycloalka-1,3-dienes (11,13) with loss of halogen Y, depending on ring size and on the nature of the halogen.
Journal of the California Dental Association, Feb 1, 2013
Saliva has been used as a specimen for diagnostics purposes for many years, but it has only been ... more Saliva has been used as a specimen for diagnostics purposes for many years, but it has only been in the last 10 years that a number of new tools have been developed that promise to greatly increase the use of oral specimens for broad-based diagnosis and potentially screening applications. This article focuses on tools that are commercially viable or can play a role in whole saliva collection and future testing for critical diseases.
Over the last few years, there has been a tremendous growth in less invasive diagnostic testing a... more Over the last few years, there has been a tremendous growth in less invasive diagnostic testing as a replacement for painful and expensive blood draws. The role of saliva in this growth trend has been enormous, and this has been driven in part by a growing awareness of the broad utility of saliva as a diagnostic medium and reinforced by a rapidly growing number of publications supporting new and varied applications for saliva. The aim of this chapter is to highlight some of the tools now available that are responsible for this growth trend and provide a glimpse into the future for salivary diagnostics in the research and clinical environments.
Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of sa... more Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of salivary diagnostics. This chapter describes some of the newer tools and procedures for collection, stabilization, and storage of oral fluid matrices that aid in the successful use of saliva as a test specimen. This chapter focuses particularly on nucleic acid components for downstream molecular diagnostic (MDx) testing, since this is probably the area where saliva is likely to have the greatest impact in improving healthcare for the general population.
The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests... more The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests used as part of routine health monitoring. The relatively recent introduction of salivary diagnostics has lead to a major paradigm shift in diagnostic analyses. Additionally, in this era of big data, oral fluid testing has shown promising outcomes in a number of fields, particularly the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Despite the analytical challenges involved in the interpretation of large datasets generated from biochemical studies involving bodily fluids, including saliva, many studies have identified novel oral biomarkers for diagnosing oral and systemic diseases. In this regard, oral biofluids, including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), dentinal tubular fluid (DTF), are now attracting increasing attention due to their important attributes, such as noninvasive sampling, easy handling, low cost, and more accurate diagnosis of oral diseases. Recently, the utilization of salivary diagnostics to evaluate systemic diseases and monitor general health has increased in popularity among clinicians. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which assist in the diagnosis of multiple diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), auto-immune and degenerative diseases, respiratory infections, oral diseases, and microbial (viral, bacterial and fungal) diseases. Moreover, due to its noninvasive nature and ease-of-adoption by children, it is now being used in mass screening programs, oral health-related studies and clinical trials in support of the development of therapeutic agents. The recent advent of highly sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, highly sensitives ELISAs, and homogeneous immunoassays, suggests that even small quantities of salivary biomarkers are able to be assayed accurately, providing opportunities for the development of many future diagnostic applications (including emerging technologies, such as point-of-care and rapid molecular technologies). The present article explores the omics and biochemical compositions of various oral biofluids with important value in diagnostics and monitoring.
Cortisol is a useful biomarker for determining an individual’s response to social context. Due ... more Cortisol is a useful biomarker for determining an individual’s response to social context. Due to its ability to change within minutes in response to environmental stimuli it is conveniently assessed in saliva. Although saliva has its advantages as a biological fluid, the crucial barrier of time-delay caused by traditional enzyme immunoassays remains. Regardless of the biological fluid analyzed, the delay of days to months interrupts rapid and efficient measurement of this biomarker. Rapid diagnostic tests are designed to assess presence or absence of molecules, by utilizing coats of antibodies. Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIA) are designed to produce results within minutes of sample collection.
A noninvasive malaria rapid test assesses subclinical carriage of Plasmodium falciparum (human ma... more A noninvasive malaria rapid test assesses subclinical carriage of Plasmodium falciparum (human malaria) parasites at the point of need.
Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of sa... more Saliva is an easily accessible fluid that has led to increasing interest in the development of salivary diagnostics. This chapter describes some of the newer tools and procedures for collection, stabilization, and storage of oral fluid matrices that aid in the successful use of saliva as a test specimen. This chapter focuses particularly on nucleic acid components for downstream molecular diagnostic (MDx) testing, since this is probably the area where saliva is likely to have the greatest impact in improving healthcare for the general population.
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