Supervisors: Profa. Dra. Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger, Prof. Dr. João Batista Teixeira da Rocha, and Prof. Ganiyu Oboh Phone: +2348035866170 Address: Afe Babalola way, P.M.B. 5454, Biochemistry Department
International Journal of Biomedical Science Ijbs, Jun 1, 2013
Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal dis... more Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal disease. Therefore, this study sought to determine the inhibitory effect of phenolic-rich extract from A. sativum on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity (key enzyme linked to renal dysfunction) and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney in vitro. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Thereafter, their inhibitory effect on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney were determined-in vitro. The results revealed that the free phenolics had significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on ACE activity than the bound phenolics. Furthermore, incubation of rat kidney in presence of 1 mM cisplatin caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, however, both extracts inhibited MDA produced in a dose dependent manner. The additive and/or synergistic action of the free and bound phenolics could have contributed to the observed medicinal properties of the spice. Therefore, inhibition of ACE activity and prevention of oxidative stress in the kidney could be some of the possible mechanism by which they exert nephroprotective properties. However, the bound phenolic extracts showed stronger inhibition on ACE activity in vitro.
Hypertension is associated with platelet alterations that could contribute to the development of ... more Hypertension is associated with platelet alterations that could contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications. Several studies have reported antiplatelet aggregation properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) with limited scientific basis. Hence, this study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of these rhizomes on platelet ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. Animals were divided into seven groups (n = 10): normotensive control rats; induced (l-NAME hypertensive) rats; hypertensive rats treated with atenolol (10 mg/kg/day); normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4% supplementation of turmeric or ginger, respectively. After 14 days of pre-treatment, the animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of l-NAME (40 mg/kg/day). The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in platelet ADA act...
Inflammation exerts a crucial pathogenic role in the development of hypertension. Hence, the aim ... more Inflammation exerts a crucial pathogenic role in the development of hypertension. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on enzyme activities of purinergic and cholinergic systems as well as inflammatory cytokine levels in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertensive rats. The rats were divided into seven groups (n = 10); groups 1-3 included normotensive control rats, hypertensive (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) rats, and hypertensive control rats treated with atenolol (an antihypertensive drug), while groups 4 and 5 included normotensive and hypertensive (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) rats treated with 4 % supplementation of turmeric, respectively, and groups 6 and 7 included normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4 % supplementation of ginger, respectively. The animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, 40 mg/kg body weight. The results revealed a significant increase in ATP and ADP hydrolysis, adenosine deaminase, and acetylcholinesterase activities in lymphocytes from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride hypertensive rats when compared with the control rats. In addition, an increase in serum butyrylcholinesterase activity and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 and - 6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) with a concomitant decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10) was observed in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride hypertensive rats. However, dietary supplementation of both rhizomes was efficient in preventing these alterations in hypertensive rats by decreasing ATP hydrolysis, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities and proinflammatory cytokines in hypertensive rats. Thus, these activities could suggest a possible insight about the protective mechanisms of the rhizomes against hypertension-related inflammation.
Neurodegerative diseases have been linked to oxidative stress arising from peroxidation of membra... more Neurodegerative diseases have been linked to oxidative stress arising from peroxidation of membrane biomolecules and high levels of Fe have been reported to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorder. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end-product of lipid peroxidation and the production of this aldehyde is used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress in an organism. The present study compares the protective properties of two varieties of ginger [red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)] on Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. Incubation of the brain tissue homogenate in the presence of Fe caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain. However, the aqueous extract from both varieties of ginger caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of the brain in a dose-dependent manner. However, the aqueous extract of red ginger had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on both Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenates than that of white ginger. This higher inhibitory effect of red ginger could be attributed to its significantly higher phytochemical content, Fe2+ chelating ability, OH
AbstrAct this study sought to investigate the effects of two tomato varieties [Lycopersicon escul... more AbstrAct this study sought to investigate the effects of two tomato varieties [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. esculentum (Esc) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (cEr)] on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and butyrylcholinesterase (bchE) activities in vitro. Phenolics content, carotenoids characterisation, inhibition of Fe 2+ and quinolinic acid-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rats brain homogenate and NO* scavenging abilities were also assesed in addition to the AchE and bchE inhibition assays. there was no significant difference in the AChE inhibitory ability of the samples, while CER had significantly higher bchE inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the tomatoes inhibited Fe 2+ and quinolinic acid-induced MDA production and further exhibited antioxidant activities through their NO* scavenging abilities. there was no significant difference in the phenolic content of the samples, while significantly high amounts of lycopene were detected in the tomatoes. the...
In traditional medicine, a variety of plants have been used as sexual stimulants. Within the genu... more In traditional medicine, a variety of plants have been used as sexual stimulants. Within the genus Tynanthus (Bignoniaceae) some species are known by their aphrodisiac effects, including Tynanthus micranthus Corr. & Mello ex. Schum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior of male mice treated with a crude extract of the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of T. micranthus, for this, the extracts were prepared and orally administered (5 and 10 mg/kg) to different groups of male Swiss mice. Mating behavior was filmed and compared with control (distilled water) and test drug (sildenafil citrate), 1 and 3 h after treatment. The animals treated with the extract presented a significant reduction in the latency time for mounts and an increased frequency of mounts, especially after three hours of treatment, in a dose-related manner, as compared to the control group. These results prove the influence of T. micranthus on sexual behavior of mice and allow the inclusion of thi...
Sandpaper [Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)] leaf has been reportedly used in folklore for the ma... more Sandpaper [Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)] leaf has been reportedly used in folklore for the management/treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little/or no scientific basis for their action. This study sought to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hypercholesterolemia as well as the effect of their phenolic extract on this enzyme in vitro. The phenolic extract was prepared, then, the inhibitory effect of the leaf extract on ACE was determined in vitro. Thereafter, the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats for 14 days was evaluated as well as some biochemical parameters. The result revealed that under in vitro condition, the phenolic extract inhibited ACE (IC50=14.7µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (0-10µg/mL). Feeding high cholesterol diets to rats caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the A...
International journal of biomedical science : IJBS, 2013
Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal dis... more Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal disease. Therefore, this study sought to determine the inhibitory effect of phenolic-rich extract from A. sativum on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity (key enzyme linked to renal dysfunction) and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney in vitro. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Thereafter, their inhibitory effect on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney were determined-in vitro. The results revealed that the free phenolics had significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on ACE activity than the bound phenolics. Furthermore, incubation of rat kidney in presence of 1 mM cisplatin caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, however, both ext...
ABSTRACT Lemon (Citrus limon) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juices are used in folk medicine for... more ABSTRACT Lemon (Citrus limon) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juices are used in folk medicine for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism of action by which they exert their therapeutic action is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lemon and lime juices on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro and investigate the hypocholesterolemic properties of the juices in a high-cholesterol diet rat model. The phenolic content and antioxidant properties of the manually squeezed juices were also determined. Lemon juice had higher total phenol content (64.5 mg/l), while lime juice had higher total flavonoid content (29.5 mg/l). Both juices inhibited ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner and also exhibited antioxidant activities as typified by their ferric reducing power, and radicals (DPPH·, ABTS·, OH·, and NO·) scavenging abilities, as well as inhibition of Fe2+- and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s liver in vitro. Administration of the juices to rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet caused a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels and an increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. The inhibition of ACE activity in vitro and in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect of the juices could explain the use of the juices in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
ABSTRACT Introduction The use of natural products for the management of diseases had been establi... more ABSTRACT Introduction The use of natural products for the management of diseases had been established in folk medicine. Avocado pear (Persea americana) is used in traditional medicine to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate the mechanism behind its antidiabetic prowess by accessing the inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of leaves and fruit parts of avocado on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) produced by sodium nitropruside-induced lipid peroxidation in rats’ pancreas in vitro. Methods The inhibitory effect was assessed using 5mg/ml aqueous extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical, NO. radical scavenging abilities and SNP-induced malondialdehyde produced after which the types and quantity of phenolics in the leaves and fruit parts of Persea americana were characterized. Results The leaves, peel, flesh and seed extracts inhibited ...
International Journal of Biomedical Science Ijbs, Jun 1, 2013
Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal dis... more Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal disease. Therefore, this study sought to determine the inhibitory effect of phenolic-rich extract from A. sativum on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity (key enzyme linked to renal dysfunction) and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney in vitro. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Thereafter, their inhibitory effect on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney were determined-in vitro. The results revealed that the free phenolics had significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on ACE activity than the bound phenolics. Furthermore, incubation of rat kidney in presence of 1 mM cisplatin caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, however, both extracts inhibited MDA produced in a dose dependent manner. The additive and/or synergistic action of the free and bound phenolics could have contributed to the observed medicinal properties of the spice. Therefore, inhibition of ACE activity and prevention of oxidative stress in the kidney could be some of the possible mechanism by which they exert nephroprotective properties. However, the bound phenolic extracts showed stronger inhibition on ACE activity in vitro.
Hypertension is associated with platelet alterations that could contribute to the development of ... more Hypertension is associated with platelet alterations that could contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications. Several studies have reported antiplatelet aggregation properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) with limited scientific basis. Hence, this study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of these rhizomes on platelet ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. Animals were divided into seven groups (n = 10): normotensive control rats; induced (l-NAME hypertensive) rats; hypertensive rats treated with atenolol (10 mg/kg/day); normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4% supplementation of turmeric or ginger, respectively. After 14 days of pre-treatment, the animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of l-NAME (40 mg/kg/day). The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in platelet ADA act...
Inflammation exerts a crucial pathogenic role in the development of hypertension. Hence, the aim ... more Inflammation exerts a crucial pathogenic role in the development of hypertension. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on enzyme activities of purinergic and cholinergic systems as well as inflammatory cytokine levels in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertensive rats. The rats were divided into seven groups (n = 10); groups 1-3 included normotensive control rats, hypertensive (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) rats, and hypertensive control rats treated with atenolol (an antihypertensive drug), while groups 4 and 5 included normotensive and hypertensive (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) rats treated with 4 % supplementation of turmeric, respectively, and groups 6 and 7 included normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4 % supplementation of ginger, respectively. The animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, 40 mg/kg body weight. The results revealed a significant increase in ATP and ADP hydrolysis, adenosine deaminase, and acetylcholinesterase activities in lymphocytes from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride hypertensive rats when compared with the control rats. In addition, an increase in serum butyrylcholinesterase activity and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 and - 6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) with a concomitant decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10) was observed in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride hypertensive rats. However, dietary supplementation of both rhizomes was efficient in preventing these alterations in hypertensive rats by decreasing ATP hydrolysis, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities and proinflammatory cytokines in hypertensive rats. Thus, these activities could suggest a possible insight about the protective mechanisms of the rhizomes against hypertension-related inflammation.
Neurodegerative diseases have been linked to oxidative stress arising from peroxidation of membra... more Neurodegerative diseases have been linked to oxidative stress arising from peroxidation of membrane biomolecules and high levels of Fe have been reported to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorder. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end-product of lipid peroxidation and the production of this aldehyde is used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress in an organism. The present study compares the protective properties of two varieties of ginger [red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)] on Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. Incubation of the brain tissue homogenate in the presence of Fe caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain. However, the aqueous extract from both varieties of ginger caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of the brain in a dose-dependent manner. However, the aqueous extract of red ginger had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on both Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenates than that of white ginger. This higher inhibitory effect of red ginger could be attributed to its significantly higher phytochemical content, Fe2+ chelating ability, OH
AbstrAct this study sought to investigate the effects of two tomato varieties [Lycopersicon escul... more AbstrAct this study sought to investigate the effects of two tomato varieties [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. esculentum (Esc) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (cEr)] on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and butyrylcholinesterase (bchE) activities in vitro. Phenolics content, carotenoids characterisation, inhibition of Fe 2+ and quinolinic acid-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rats brain homogenate and NO* scavenging abilities were also assesed in addition to the AchE and bchE inhibition assays. there was no significant difference in the AChE inhibitory ability of the samples, while CER had significantly higher bchE inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the tomatoes inhibited Fe 2+ and quinolinic acid-induced MDA production and further exhibited antioxidant activities through their NO* scavenging abilities. there was no significant difference in the phenolic content of the samples, while significantly high amounts of lycopene were detected in the tomatoes. the...
In traditional medicine, a variety of plants have been used as sexual stimulants. Within the genu... more In traditional medicine, a variety of plants have been used as sexual stimulants. Within the genus Tynanthus (Bignoniaceae) some species are known by their aphrodisiac effects, including Tynanthus micranthus Corr. & Mello ex. Schum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior of male mice treated with a crude extract of the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of T. micranthus, for this, the extracts were prepared and orally administered (5 and 10 mg/kg) to different groups of male Swiss mice. Mating behavior was filmed and compared with control (distilled water) and test drug (sildenafil citrate), 1 and 3 h after treatment. The animals treated with the extract presented a significant reduction in the latency time for mounts and an increased frequency of mounts, especially after three hours of treatment, in a dose-related manner, as compared to the control group. These results prove the influence of T. micranthus on sexual behavior of mice and allow the inclusion of thi...
Sandpaper [Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)] leaf has been reportedly used in folklore for the ma... more Sandpaper [Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae)] leaf has been reportedly used in folklore for the management/treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little/or no scientific basis for their action. This study sought to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in hypercholesterolemia as well as the effect of their phenolic extract on this enzyme in vitro. The phenolic extract was prepared, then, the inhibitory effect of the leaf extract on ACE was determined in vitro. Thereafter, the effect of dietary supplementation of sandpaper leaf on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in high cholesterol diet fed rats for 14 days was evaluated as well as some biochemical parameters. The result revealed that under in vitro condition, the phenolic extract inhibited ACE (IC50=14.7µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (0-10µg/mL). Feeding high cholesterol diets to rats caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the A...
International journal of biomedical science : IJBS, 2013
Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal dis... more Allium sativum have been an important food ingredient in the management or treatment of renal disease. Therefore, this study sought to determine the inhibitory effect of phenolic-rich extract from A. sativum on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity (key enzyme linked to renal dysfunction) and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney in vitro. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Thereafter, their inhibitory effect on angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity and cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in rat kidney were determined-in vitro. The results revealed that the free phenolics had significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on ACE activity than the bound phenolics. Furthermore, incubation of rat kidney in presence of 1 mM cisplatin caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, however, both ext...
ABSTRACT Lemon (Citrus limon) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juices are used in folk medicine for... more ABSTRACT Lemon (Citrus limon) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juices are used in folk medicine for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism of action by which they exert their therapeutic action is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lemon and lime juices on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro and investigate the hypocholesterolemic properties of the juices in a high-cholesterol diet rat model. The phenolic content and antioxidant properties of the manually squeezed juices were also determined. Lemon juice had higher total phenol content (64.5 mg/l), while lime juice had higher total flavonoid content (29.5 mg/l). Both juices inhibited ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner and also exhibited antioxidant activities as typified by their ferric reducing power, and radicals (DPPH·, ABTS·, OH·, and NO·) scavenging abilities, as well as inhibition of Fe2+- and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s liver in vitro. Administration of the juices to rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet caused a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels and an increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. The inhibition of ACE activity in vitro and in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect of the juices could explain the use of the juices in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
ABSTRACT Introduction The use of natural products for the management of diseases had been establi... more ABSTRACT Introduction The use of natural products for the management of diseases had been established in folk medicine. Avocado pear (Persea americana) is used in traditional medicine to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate the mechanism behind its antidiabetic prowess by accessing the inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of leaves and fruit parts of avocado on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) produced by sodium nitropruside-induced lipid peroxidation in rats’ pancreas in vitro. Methods The inhibitory effect was assessed using 5mg/ml aqueous extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical, NO. radical scavenging abilities and SNP-induced malondialdehyde produced after which the types and quantity of phenolics in the leaves and fruit parts of Persea americana were characterized. Results The leaves, peel, flesh and seed extracts inhibited ...
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