Context and Content in Hate Speech Discourse in Nigeria, 2021
Politicians explore all avenues to mobilize support during the electioneering period including th... more Politicians explore all avenues to mobilize support during the electioneering period including the use of Twitter as done by Barack Obama during the 2008 presidential. In Kaduna State, with the forthcoming 2019 general election, there has been an intensified usage of Twitter by some politicians as an avenue for effective communication with likely voters; the discussion of substantive developmental issues, and lively political debates including attacking opponents using hate speech. This study seeks to interrogate the extent to which such politicians’ tweets are just elements of free speech but not hate speeches with its implication for the forthcoming 2019 general election in Kaduna State, considering the volatile nature of the state during any form of crisis. As an exploratory survey research, the sample is just the information-rich Twitter handle of the selected politicians. The study employed content analysis of their tweets and analysis was used using Atlas ti 8. Our findings show that the politicians are engaging in hate speech. While no step is taken by Twitter to either delete or suspend such accounts. The study therefore recommends that the politicians involved should call to order especially by civil society organisations as their political parties have failed to do so before the relative peace presently enjoyed in Kaduna state is put in jeopardy.
The alarming rate of formal unemployment in Nigeria has provided the informal sector the opportun... more The alarming rate of formal unemployment in Nigeria has provided the informal sector the opportunity to contribute to employment generation for the citizens. The study examines the contribution of the informal sector to employment generation with reference to car wash enterprise in Zaria. The enterprise is dotted in every nook and crannies of the urban areas. To what extent has Car Wash enterprises contributed to employment generation is one of the problems of this study. The study was anchored on the Human Capital Development Theory, It employed both primary and secondary data while convenience sampling technique was used. The data collected were subjected to Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to test the relationship between Car Wash Enterprise and employment generation. The study found that a significant number of youths are not involved gainfully in the car wash enterprise. One of the recommendations include that the Car Wash Enterprise should be integrated int...
Farmers/herders conflict is not new in Nigeria. The need to put more emphasis on North-Central Ni... more Farmers/herders conflict is not new in Nigeria. The need to put more emphasis on North-Central Nigeria particularly Benue, Plateau and Nasarawa States was born out of the persistent conflicts arising from and complicated by farmer-herder vested interest. Currently, the subject matter is under-exploited and under-researched. Existing extant studies in that regard tend to have focused on farmer-herder conflicts without comprehensively emphasizing the philosophy and ideology operating by the two parties in fueling the conflicts. The study adopts community case study approach. Three states were purposefully selected, namely Benue, Plateau and Nasarawa, these states were highly affected by the conflict in recent years. Two local governments were randomly selected from each state. Individuals were selected for Key Informant Interview (KII), FGD and Study Chart from Community Security Architecture Dialogue (CSAD)which consist of; All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN), Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Traditional leaders, religious leaders, Youth leaders among others.30 KII, 17 FGDs and 10 SCs were carried out across the targeted communities. Findings show that issues and perceptions of farmers/herdersÂ’ conflict in North-Central Nigeria includes: divergent of perception in the process of survival; land grabbing and; water scarcity and insufficient pasturelands; underage and child herders and profiling/stereotyping. This calls for an urgent need for government at all levels in collaboration with relevant Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), to create effective awareness, advocacy and sensitization towards promoting peace building, trust building confidence building and resilience among others to manage the protracted impasse of farmer-herder in North-Central Nigeria.
The increasing wave of armed banditry in Nigeria in recent years has become worrisome. Factors ra... more The increasing wave of armed banditry in Nigeria in recent years has become worrisome. Factors ranging from cattle rustling, kidnapping, rape, assassination, and the wanton destruction of lives and property, the high level of poverty, youth's unemployment and underemployment, illegal mining activities, drug abuse, corruption/greed, and limited security presence have been blamed for the incessant armed banditry in the country. This menace does not only pose a threat to national security but also threatens the prospects for food security in the country as it prevents both crop farming and cattle rearing activities. Thus, this study examines the effect of banditry activities on food security. The study is underpinned by Queer Ladder Theory (QLT). The survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 422 samples of farmers in the Shiroro local government area using an adapted questionnaire. Results using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) established that banditry activities have a significant negative relationship with food security. However, based on the study findings, the study recommended that the government should provide a proactive measure from security personnel to curb the menace in Shiroro and the country in general and also, the government should adequately provide the required farming inputs to boost and revive the agricultural production which serve as the major source of income in the state, thereby mitigate the negative impact of banditry activities on the life of the affected communities. Finally, the study's limitations and suggestions for future research were given.
Nigeria's aging population is increasing rapidly as those aged 65 years and above make up 3.1% or... more Nigeria's aging population is increasing rapidly as those aged 65 years and above make up 3.1% or 5.9 million of the total population of 191 million, which in crude numbers represents an increase of 600,000 during the 5 years 2012-2017. But the high premium placed on old age made people aspire to attain this age in the olden days. This calls for concern, as the aged also called senior citizens are known to be undergoing depreciation physiologically, mentally, and otherwise, in addition to being incapable of doing most chores without assistance. Are they then a burden or asset to the community? This is the crux of this study based on an exploratory qualitative research design. The research assumption for this study includes that, adult children are responsible for the support and care of their elderly parents. The extended family is actively involved in the care of the elderly. Lastly, the plight of the aged is associated with the lack of government policies. The findings include that adult children are responsible for the support and care of their elderly parents and the extended family is actively involved in the care of the aged. Largely, the plight of the aged can be associated with the lack of government policies. The study therefore recommends that proactive government policies for the aged in various areas should address both those who have worked in the public and private sectors and those who are in the private informal sector.
Context and Content in Hate Speech Discourse in Nigeria, 2021
Politicians explore all avenues to mobilize support during the electioneering period including th... more Politicians explore all avenues to mobilize support during the electioneering period including the use of Twitter as done by Barack Obama during the 2008 presidential. In Kaduna State, with the forthcoming 2019 general election, there has been an intensified usage of Twitter by some politicians as an avenue for effective communication with likely voters; the discussion of substantive developmental issues, and lively political debates including attacking opponents using hate speech. This study seeks to interrogate the extent to which such politicians’ tweets are just elements of free speech but not hate speeches with its implication for the forthcoming 2019 general election in Kaduna State, considering the volatile nature of the state during any form of crisis. As an exploratory survey research, the sample is just the information-rich Twitter handle of the selected politicians. The study employed content analysis of their tweets and analysis was used using Atlas ti 8. Our findings show that the politicians are engaging in hate speech. While no step is taken by Twitter to either delete or suspend such accounts. The study therefore recommends that the politicians involved should call to order especially by civil society organisations as their political parties have failed to do so before the relative peace presently enjoyed in Kaduna state is put in jeopardy.
The alarming rate of formal unemployment in Nigeria has provided the informal sector the opportun... more The alarming rate of formal unemployment in Nigeria has provided the informal sector the opportunity to contribute to employment generation for the citizens. The study examines the contribution of the informal sector to employment generation with reference to car wash enterprise in Zaria. The enterprise is dotted in every nook and crannies of the urban areas. To what extent has Car Wash enterprises contributed to employment generation is one of the problems of this study. The study was anchored on the Human Capital Development Theory, It employed both primary and secondary data while convenience sampling technique was used. The data collected were subjected to Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to test the relationship between Car Wash Enterprise and employment generation. The study found that a significant number of youths are not involved gainfully in the car wash enterprise. One of the recommendations include that the Car Wash Enterprise should be integrated int...
Farmers/herders conflict is not new in Nigeria. The need to put more emphasis on North-Central Ni... more Farmers/herders conflict is not new in Nigeria. The need to put more emphasis on North-Central Nigeria particularly Benue, Plateau and Nasarawa States was born out of the persistent conflicts arising from and complicated by farmer-herder vested interest. Currently, the subject matter is under-exploited and under-researched. Existing extant studies in that regard tend to have focused on farmer-herder conflicts without comprehensively emphasizing the philosophy and ideology operating by the two parties in fueling the conflicts. The study adopts community case study approach. Three states were purposefully selected, namely Benue, Plateau and Nasarawa, these states were highly affected by the conflict in recent years. Two local governments were randomly selected from each state. Individuals were selected for Key Informant Interview (KII), FGD and Study Chart from Community Security Architecture Dialogue (CSAD)which consist of; All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN), Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Traditional leaders, religious leaders, Youth leaders among others.30 KII, 17 FGDs and 10 SCs were carried out across the targeted communities. Findings show that issues and perceptions of farmers/herdersÂ’ conflict in North-Central Nigeria includes: divergent of perception in the process of survival; land grabbing and; water scarcity and insufficient pasturelands; underage and child herders and profiling/stereotyping. This calls for an urgent need for government at all levels in collaboration with relevant Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), to create effective awareness, advocacy and sensitization towards promoting peace building, trust building confidence building and resilience among others to manage the protracted impasse of farmer-herder in North-Central Nigeria.
The increasing wave of armed banditry in Nigeria in recent years has become worrisome. Factors ra... more The increasing wave of armed banditry in Nigeria in recent years has become worrisome. Factors ranging from cattle rustling, kidnapping, rape, assassination, and the wanton destruction of lives and property, the high level of poverty, youth's unemployment and underemployment, illegal mining activities, drug abuse, corruption/greed, and limited security presence have been blamed for the incessant armed banditry in the country. This menace does not only pose a threat to national security but also threatens the prospects for food security in the country as it prevents both crop farming and cattle rearing activities. Thus, this study examines the effect of banditry activities on food security. The study is underpinned by Queer Ladder Theory (QLT). The survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 422 samples of farmers in the Shiroro local government area using an adapted questionnaire. Results using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) established that banditry activities have a significant negative relationship with food security. However, based on the study findings, the study recommended that the government should provide a proactive measure from security personnel to curb the menace in Shiroro and the country in general and also, the government should adequately provide the required farming inputs to boost and revive the agricultural production which serve as the major source of income in the state, thereby mitigate the negative impact of banditry activities on the life of the affected communities. Finally, the study's limitations and suggestions for future research were given.
Nigeria's aging population is increasing rapidly as those aged 65 years and above make up 3.1% or... more Nigeria's aging population is increasing rapidly as those aged 65 years and above make up 3.1% or 5.9 million of the total population of 191 million, which in crude numbers represents an increase of 600,000 during the 5 years 2012-2017. But the high premium placed on old age made people aspire to attain this age in the olden days. This calls for concern, as the aged also called senior citizens are known to be undergoing depreciation physiologically, mentally, and otherwise, in addition to being incapable of doing most chores without assistance. Are they then a burden or asset to the community? This is the crux of this study based on an exploratory qualitative research design. The research assumption for this study includes that, adult children are responsible for the support and care of their elderly parents. The extended family is actively involved in the care of the elderly. Lastly, the plight of the aged is associated with the lack of government policies. The findings include that adult children are responsible for the support and care of their elderly parents and the extended family is actively involved in the care of the aged. Largely, the plight of the aged can be associated with the lack of government policies. The study therefore recommends that proactive government policies for the aged in various areas should address both those who have worked in the public and private sectors and those who are in the private informal sector.
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Keywords: Farmers -Herders Conflict, North-Central Nigeria Land, Perception, Sustainable Peace
Keywords: Farmers -Herders Conflict, North-Central Nigeria Land, Perception, Sustainable Peace