My name is Abate Ayele and I am now Msc in Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology at Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Supervisors: A. Suresh and Solomon Benor
Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particula... more Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research. Methods This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial ferment...
Purpose High population growth and the expansion of industry from time to time produce a large am... more Purpose High population growth and the expansion of industry from time to time produce a large amount of waste/pollution, which harms global environmental health. To overcome the above problems, soil feeding (mound/nest) builders of termite gut bacteria execute thriving since they can be obtained easily, available, and at low costs. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence of bacteria in the soil feeding termite gut and its potential role in various applications including reduction of methane gas emission, bio bocks/production of bricks, biomedicine, biocontrol (promising tool for sustainable agriculture), and bio-fertilizer (improve the fertility of the soil) and plant growth promote effectiveness all year. Methods This review was progressive in that it assessed and produced peer-reviewed papers related to bacteria in the soil feeding termite gut and its potential role in different applications for an environmentally sound. Based on the findings of reputable educational jo...
Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particula... more Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research. Methods This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial ferment...
Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental... more Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental problem. Because of its toxicity, heavy metal removal has become the main priority for environmental concerns. Banana peels are low-cost agricultural waste that could be used for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effective powdered banana peel for the removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. The banana peels were collected from domestic waste and ground to get a particle size of 150 µm. Powdered banana peel waste adsorbent (PBPWA) contained moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density of 3.8%, 3.5%, 37.5%, and 0.02 g/cm3, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the alkyne, aldehyde, and amide functional groups were dominant in the powdered banana peel surface, and the scanning electron microscope showed the morphology of the adsorbent. Physic...
The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world de... more The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world demand. The major sources of pectinase are microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeast. The utilization of low-cost agro-industrial wastes as substrates has been preferable in pectinase production. Pectinase production faced various parameters optimization constraints such as temperature, pH and production times which are the main factors in pectinase production. The pectinase enzyme is getting attention due to its several advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in different industries. This review discusses the pectin substance structure, substrate for pectinase production, factors influencing pectinase production, the industrial application of microbial pectinase and also discusses challenges and future opportunities of applying microbial pectinase in industry.
Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment b... more Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment before discharge. Lately, phycoremediation of dyes gained more attention due to its value-added benefits, however, it need more investigation of indigenous species for ease. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate indigenous microalgae from Elias Tesfaye textile factory runoff, Addis Ababa. The sample was inoculated to Bold’s Basal Medium and incubated for 15 days and the dominant colonies were purified and identified using a microscope. The identified isolate, Oscillatoria sp., which belongs to prokaryotic filamentous cyanobacteria was checked for the dye removal efficiency and biomass production using synthetic dyes of malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB) and Safranin (SF). The axenic cultures of Oscillatoria sp., was inoculated (0.2 g/L) with various concentrations of dyes (1-5 mg/L) and incubated under Sunlight for 5 days and analyzed the residual color absorbance and biom...
Phycoremediation of heavy metals has garnered considerable recent research interest. In this stud... more Phycoremediation of heavy metals has garnered considerable recent research interest. In this study, an indigenous microalga (Chlamydomonas sp.)‐based biosorbent was employed for biosorption of Cr(VI) dissolved solids (Cr(VI)‐DS), optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of microalga concentration, pH, and contact time were studied with 250 mg Cr(VI)‐DS L−1. The biosorption of Cr(VI)‐DS was higher at acidic pH (94.17% at pH 4) than at alkaline conditions (68.53% at pH 10). The interaction of pH and microalga concentration exerted significant (p < 0.05) influence on the biosorption. Under the optimized parameters of 1.5 g microalga L−1, pH 4, and contact time of 30 min, a predicted biosorption of 91.31% and biosorption capacity of 152 mg Cr(VI)‐DS g−1 biomass were documented. FTIR analysis attested the electronegative surface functional groups of the microalgae biomass, bracketed together with its high biosorption potency. The study evinced the potential of the indigenous microalga for remediation of hexavalent chromium.
Synthetic dyes are toxic and their release into the environment harms the ecosystem. Phycoremedia... more Synthetic dyes are toxic and their release into the environment harms the ecosystem. Phycoremediation of synthetic dyes with acclimatized and native species has advantages over other methods. In this study, textile effluent-acclimatized microalgae species of Oscillatoria were grown in Bold's Basal Medium (BBM), dried, powdered using sonication, and optimized the removal malachite green (MG), using the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of algal biosorbent concentration (AC), pH, and contact time (CT) were studied with 1 g L-1 MG in an aqueous solution, and the interaction model exerted significance (p < 0.001). The removal of MG was higher at alkaline pH (90% at pH 8.5) than at acidic pH (70% at pH 4). Under the optimized conditions of 1.2 g L-1 AC, 8.5 pH, and 30 min CT, the MG removal was documented at 90.8% with the biosorption capacity of 757 mg g-1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the occurrence of different electronegative functional groups, aromatic vibrations, and the crystalline nature of the biosorbent. The algal sorbent exhibited a good performance of 80.9% for the removal of the crude color in real textile effluents. This microalgal sorbent is an attractive option for promoting large-scale applications.
Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes ha... more Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes have been a great environmental challenge and continued to be the concern of many researchers and environmental scientists. This is mainly due to their highest toxicity even at a minimum concentration as they are nonbiodegradable and can persist in the aquatic and terrestrial environments for long periods. Chromium ions, especially hexavalent ions (Cr(VI)) generated through the different industrial process such as tanneries, metallurgical, petroleum, refractory, oil well drilling, electroplating, mining, textile, pulp and paper industries, are among toxic heavy metal ions, which pose toxic effects to human, plants, microorganisms, and aquatic lives. This review work is aimed at biosorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) through microbial biomass, mainly bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, factors influencing the biosorption of chromium by microorganisms and the mechanism involved in the reme...
Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release... more Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release of pollutants into the environment. Industries that use synthetic dyes for different applications are a predominant source for dye contaminants by releasing the dye in wastewater with pretreatment or without treatment directly into the water bodies, making serious water pollution in the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard the environment from such contaminants and their associated negative impacts. The conventional treatment method that is used to treat dye-contaminated wastewater is generally costly and has a possibility to produce secondary metabolites. Due to the above problems, the biological method is preferable to treat effluent or dye-contaminated wastewater. Phycoremediation is an algae-based eco-friendly dye abatement technique from contaminated environments. This review highlights the phycoremediation of dyes and its underlying mechanisms along with the infor...
Bioprospecting of microalgae (food, feed, fertilizers, fuel, pigments, fiber, bioremediator and n... more Bioprospecting of microalgae (food, feed, fertilizers, fuel, pigments, fiber, bioremediator and neutraceuticals) are a latest promising industry because of their high photosynthetic efficiency. Microalgae prospects are under limelight not only for its value added applications but also for no competition with food, water and arable land usage. However, the product is still costlier when compared to other organisms which obstruct large-scale phycoprospecting. Indigenous microalgae can improve phycoprospecting and it is on high demand. There is a need to isolate and identify the potential native microalgae for local application with ease, besides biodiversity in Ethiopia is intense and not investigated much on microalgae. Therefore in this research, focused to isolate microalgae from eight different sites in Ethiopia (Akaki pond, Akaki river, Kality pond, Kality Gidb pond, Tuludimtu ditch, Awash lake, Koka lake and Sumit Ditch) and inoculated in Bold’s Basal medium and incubated under ...
Ethiopian journal of science and sustainable development, 2020
Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment b... more Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment before discharge. Lately, phycoremediation of dyes gained more attention due to its valueadded benefits, however, it need more investigation of indigenous species for ease. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate indigenous microalgae from Elias Tesfaye textile factory runoff, Addis Ababa. The sample was inoculated to Bold's Basal Medium and incubated for 15 days and the dominant colonies were purified and identified using a microscope. The identified isolate, Oscillatoria sp., which belongs to prokaryotic filamentous cyanobacteria was checked for the dye removal efficiency and biomass production using synthetic dyes of malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB) and Safranin (SF). The axenic cultures of Oscillatoria sp., was inoculated (0.2 g/L) with various concentrations of dyes (1-5 mg/L) and incubated under Sunlight for 5 days and analyzed the residual color absorbance and b...
Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release... more Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release of pollutants into the environment. Industries that use synthetic dyes for different applications are a predominant source for dye contaminants by releasing the dye in wastewater with pretreatment or without treatment directly into the water bodies, making serious water pollution in the environment. erefore, it is imperative to safeguard the environment from such contaminants and their associated negative impacts. e conventional treatment method that is used to treat dye-contaminated wastewater is generally costly and has a possibility to produce secondary metabolites. Due to the above problems, the biological method is preferable to treat effluent or dye-contaminated wastewater. Phycoremediation is an algae-based eco-friendly dye abatement technique from contaminated environments. is review highlights the phycoremediation of dyes and its underlying mechanisms along with the information on synthetic dyes, classification, hazardous effects, and other major techniques of dye abatement. is review provides a comprehensive insight into several influencing factors such as pH, temperature, contact time, the dose of algae biomass, and agitation speed, as well as functional groups involved in the phycoremediation process.
Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes ha... more Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes have been a great environmental challenge and continued to be the concern of many researchers and environmental scientists. is is mainly due to their highest toxicity even at a minimum concentration as they are nonbiodegradable and can persist in the aquatic and terrestrial environments for long periods. Chromium ions, especially hexavalent ions (Cr(VI)) generated through the different industrial process such as tanneries, metallurgical, petroleum, refractory, oil well drilling, electroplating, mining, textile, pulp and paper industries, are among toxic heavy metal ions, which pose toxic effects to human, plants, microorganisms, and aquatic lives. is review work is aimed at biosorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) through microbial biomass, mainly bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, factors influencing the biosorption of chromium by microorganisms and the mechanism involved in the remediation process and the functional groups participated in the uptake of toxic Cr(VI) from contaminated environments by biosorbents. e biosorption process is relatively more advantageous over conventional remediation technique as it is rapid, economical, requires minimal preparatory steps, efficient, needs no toxic chemicals, and allows regeneration of biosorbent at the end of the process. Also, the presence of multiple functional groups in microbial cell surfaces and more active binding sites allow easy uptake and binding of a greater number of toxic heavy metal ions from polluted samples. is could be useful in creating new insights into the development and advancement of future technologies for future research on the bioremediation of toxic heavy metals at the industrial scale.
Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particula... more Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research. Methods This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial ferment...
Purpose High population growth and the expansion of industry from time to time produce a large am... more Purpose High population growth and the expansion of industry from time to time produce a large amount of waste/pollution, which harms global environmental health. To overcome the above problems, soil feeding (mound/nest) builders of termite gut bacteria execute thriving since they can be obtained easily, available, and at low costs. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence of bacteria in the soil feeding termite gut and its potential role in various applications including reduction of methane gas emission, bio bocks/production of bricks, biomedicine, biocontrol (promising tool for sustainable agriculture), and bio-fertilizer (improve the fertility of the soil) and plant growth promote effectiveness all year. Methods This review was progressive in that it assessed and produced peer-reviewed papers related to bacteria in the soil feeding termite gut and its potential role in different applications for an environmentally sound. Based on the findings of reputable educational jo...
Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particula... more Purpose The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research. Methods This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial ferment...
Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental... more Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental problem. Because of its toxicity, heavy metal removal has become the main priority for environmental concerns. Banana peels are low-cost agricultural waste that could be used for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effective powdered banana peel for the removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. The banana peels were collected from domestic waste and ground to get a particle size of 150 µm. Powdered banana peel waste adsorbent (PBPWA) contained moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density of 3.8%, 3.5%, 37.5%, and 0.02 g/cm3, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the alkyne, aldehyde, and amide functional groups were dominant in the powdered banana peel surface, and the scanning electron microscope showed the morphology of the adsorbent. Physic...
The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world de... more The utilization of microbial pectinase in different industries has been increased in its world demand. The major sources of pectinase are microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeast. The utilization of low-cost agro-industrial wastes as substrates has been preferable in pectinase production. Pectinase production faced various parameters optimization constraints such as temperature, pH and production times which are the main factors in pectinase production. The pectinase enzyme is getting attention due to its several advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in different industries. This review discusses the pectin substance structure, substrate for pectinase production, factors influencing pectinase production, the industrial application of microbial pectinase and also discusses challenges and future opportunities of applying microbial pectinase in industry.
Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment b... more Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment before discharge. Lately, phycoremediation of dyes gained more attention due to its value-added benefits, however, it need more investigation of indigenous species for ease. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate indigenous microalgae from Elias Tesfaye textile factory runoff, Addis Ababa. The sample was inoculated to Bold’s Basal Medium and incubated for 15 days and the dominant colonies were purified and identified using a microscope. The identified isolate, Oscillatoria sp., which belongs to prokaryotic filamentous cyanobacteria was checked for the dye removal efficiency and biomass production using synthetic dyes of malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB) and Safranin (SF). The axenic cultures of Oscillatoria sp., was inoculated (0.2 g/L) with various concentrations of dyes (1-5 mg/L) and incubated under Sunlight for 5 days and analyzed the residual color absorbance and biom...
Phycoremediation of heavy metals has garnered considerable recent research interest. In this stud... more Phycoremediation of heavy metals has garnered considerable recent research interest. In this study, an indigenous microalga (Chlamydomonas sp.)‐based biosorbent was employed for biosorption of Cr(VI) dissolved solids (Cr(VI)‐DS), optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of microalga concentration, pH, and contact time were studied with 250 mg Cr(VI)‐DS L−1. The biosorption of Cr(VI)‐DS was higher at acidic pH (94.17% at pH 4) than at alkaline conditions (68.53% at pH 10). The interaction of pH and microalga concentration exerted significant (p < 0.05) influence on the biosorption. Under the optimized parameters of 1.5 g microalga L−1, pH 4, and contact time of 30 min, a predicted biosorption of 91.31% and biosorption capacity of 152 mg Cr(VI)‐DS g−1 biomass were documented. FTIR analysis attested the electronegative surface functional groups of the microalgae biomass, bracketed together with its high biosorption potency. The study evinced the potential of the indigenous microalga for remediation of hexavalent chromium.
Synthetic dyes are toxic and their release into the environment harms the ecosystem. Phycoremedia... more Synthetic dyes are toxic and their release into the environment harms the ecosystem. Phycoremediation of synthetic dyes with acclimatized and native species has advantages over other methods. In this study, textile effluent-acclimatized microalgae species of Oscillatoria were grown in Bold's Basal Medium (BBM), dried, powdered using sonication, and optimized the removal malachite green (MG), using the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of algal biosorbent concentration (AC), pH, and contact time (CT) were studied with 1 g L-1 MG in an aqueous solution, and the interaction model exerted significance (p < 0.001). The removal of MG was higher at alkaline pH (90% at pH 8.5) than at acidic pH (70% at pH 4). Under the optimized conditions of 1.2 g L-1 AC, 8.5 pH, and 30 min CT, the MG removal was documented at 90.8% with the biosorption capacity of 757 mg g-1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the occurrence of different electronegative functional groups, aromatic vibrations, and the crystalline nature of the biosorbent. The algal sorbent exhibited a good performance of 80.9% for the removal of the crude color in real textile effluents. This microalgal sorbent is an attractive option for promoting large-scale applications.
Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes ha... more Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes have been a great environmental challenge and continued to be the concern of many researchers and environmental scientists. This is mainly due to their highest toxicity even at a minimum concentration as they are nonbiodegradable and can persist in the aquatic and terrestrial environments for long periods. Chromium ions, especially hexavalent ions (Cr(VI)) generated through the different industrial process such as tanneries, metallurgical, petroleum, refractory, oil well drilling, electroplating, mining, textile, pulp and paper industries, are among toxic heavy metal ions, which pose toxic effects to human, plants, microorganisms, and aquatic lives. This review work is aimed at biosorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) through microbial biomass, mainly bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, factors influencing the biosorption of chromium by microorganisms and the mechanism involved in the reme...
Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release... more Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release of pollutants into the environment. Industries that use synthetic dyes for different applications are a predominant source for dye contaminants by releasing the dye in wastewater with pretreatment or without treatment directly into the water bodies, making serious water pollution in the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard the environment from such contaminants and their associated negative impacts. The conventional treatment method that is used to treat dye-contaminated wastewater is generally costly and has a possibility to produce secondary metabolites. Due to the above problems, the biological method is preferable to treat effluent or dye-contaminated wastewater. Phycoremediation is an algae-based eco-friendly dye abatement technique from contaminated environments. This review highlights the phycoremediation of dyes and its underlying mechanisms along with the infor...
Bioprospecting of microalgae (food, feed, fertilizers, fuel, pigments, fiber, bioremediator and n... more Bioprospecting of microalgae (food, feed, fertilizers, fuel, pigments, fiber, bioremediator and neutraceuticals) are a latest promising industry because of their high photosynthetic efficiency. Microalgae prospects are under limelight not only for its value added applications but also for no competition with food, water and arable land usage. However, the product is still costlier when compared to other organisms which obstruct large-scale phycoprospecting. Indigenous microalgae can improve phycoprospecting and it is on high demand. There is a need to isolate and identify the potential native microalgae for local application with ease, besides biodiversity in Ethiopia is intense and not investigated much on microalgae. Therefore in this research, focused to isolate microalgae from eight different sites in Ethiopia (Akaki pond, Akaki river, Kality pond, Kality Gidb pond, Tuludimtu ditch, Awash lake, Koka lake and Sumit Ditch) and inoculated in Bold’s Basal medium and incubated under ...
Ethiopian journal of science and sustainable development, 2020
Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment b... more Synthetic dyes usages are inevitable, but they are recalcitrant and toxic, hence need treatment before discharge. Lately, phycoremediation of dyes gained more attention due to its valueadded benefits, however, it need more investigation of indigenous species for ease. Therefore, the aim of the study was to isolate indigenous microalgae from Elias Tesfaye textile factory runoff, Addis Ababa. The sample was inoculated to Bold's Basal Medium and incubated for 15 days and the dominant colonies were purified and identified using a microscope. The identified isolate, Oscillatoria sp., which belongs to prokaryotic filamentous cyanobacteria was checked for the dye removal efficiency and biomass production using synthetic dyes of malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB) and Safranin (SF). The axenic cultures of Oscillatoria sp., was inoculated (0.2 g/L) with various concentrations of dyes (1-5 mg/L) and incubated under Sunlight for 5 days and analyzed the residual color absorbance and b...
Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release... more Rapid industrialization leads to serious environmental hazards due to the increase in the release of pollutants into the environment. Industries that use synthetic dyes for different applications are a predominant source for dye contaminants by releasing the dye in wastewater with pretreatment or without treatment directly into the water bodies, making serious water pollution in the environment. erefore, it is imperative to safeguard the environment from such contaminants and their associated negative impacts. e conventional treatment method that is used to treat dye-contaminated wastewater is generally costly and has a possibility to produce secondary metabolites. Due to the above problems, the biological method is preferable to treat effluent or dye-contaminated wastewater. Phycoremediation is an algae-based eco-friendly dye abatement technique from contaminated environments. is review highlights the phycoremediation of dyes and its underlying mechanisms along with the information on synthetic dyes, classification, hazardous effects, and other major techniques of dye abatement. is review provides a comprehensive insight into several influencing factors such as pH, temperature, contact time, the dose of algae biomass, and agitation speed, as well as functional groups involved in the phycoremediation process.
Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes ha... more Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural processes have been a great environmental challenge and continued to be the concern of many researchers and environmental scientists. is is mainly due to their highest toxicity even at a minimum concentration as they are nonbiodegradable and can persist in the aquatic and terrestrial environments for long periods. Chromium ions, especially hexavalent ions (Cr(VI)) generated through the different industrial process such as tanneries, metallurgical, petroleum, refractory, oil well drilling, electroplating, mining, textile, pulp and paper industries, are among toxic heavy metal ions, which pose toxic effects to human, plants, microorganisms, and aquatic lives. is review work is aimed at biosorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) through microbial biomass, mainly bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, factors influencing the biosorption of chromium by microorganisms and the mechanism involved in the remediation process and the functional groups participated in the uptake of toxic Cr(VI) from contaminated environments by biosorbents. e biosorption process is relatively more advantageous over conventional remediation technique as it is rapid, economical, requires minimal preparatory steps, efficient, needs no toxic chemicals, and allows regeneration of biosorbent at the end of the process. Also, the presence of multiple functional groups in microbial cell surfaces and more active binding sites allow easy uptake and binding of a greater number of toxic heavy metal ions from polluted samples. is could be useful in creating new insights into the development and advancement of future technologies for future research on the bioremediation of toxic heavy metals at the industrial scale.
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