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An antenna plays a primary role in transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves. There are different types of antennas such as Wire Antennas, Aperture Antennas; Micros tip Antennas, Array Antennas, Reflector Antennas and Lens Antennas. The physical size of electronics systems is reduced due to advancements in integrated circuits. With reduction in size of electronics systems, there is also an increasing demand of small and low cost antennas. A Microstrip antenna in this area plays a significant role as it is becoming increasingly useful because they can be printed directly into a circuit board. They are becoming very widespread within the mobile phone market. In this project, the dimension of a rectangular micro strip patch antenna of a given frequency (5.88 G Hz) is established with the help of mathematical analysis and is designed and simulated with the help of IE3D software. This patch antenna is also optimized at that frequency with the help of IE3D software and also being simulated. In this analysis a comprising study is developed for both the cases.

A patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. Common micro strip antenna shapes are square, rectangular, circular and elliptical, but any continuous shape is possible. Some patch antennas do not use a dielectric substrate and instead made of a metal patch mounted above a ground plane using dielectric spacers; the resulting structure is less rugged but has a wider bandwidth. Because such antennas have a very low profile, are mechanically rugged and can be shaped to conform to the curving skin of a vehicle, they are often mounted on the exterior of aircraft and spacecraft, or are incorporated into mobile radio communications devices. Once the individual patch has been designed, it then has to be incorporated into an array. In this case, the choice of box and patch type limits the possible layouts for the array, and so a 4 × 4 planar array is used. However, any arbitrary array shape can be imported as a text file containing the location of each element and the magnitude and phase of the feeding current. In this project, design a 4-element micro strip patches antenna array of a given frequency (5.88 G Hz) is established with the help of mathematical analysis and is designed and simulated with the help of IE3D software. This patch array antenna is also optimized at that frequency with the help of IE3D software and also being simulated. In this analysis a comparative study between Single element Microstrip Patch Antenna and 4-Element Array Microstrip Patches Antenna.