Introduction: Family planning and women’s health are vital to food security and nutrition. Enhanced reproductive health fosters better nutrition and facilitates the attainment of a sustainable family size. This study aims to examine the... more
Introduction: Family planning and women’s health are vital to food security and nutrition. Enhanced reproductive health fosters better nutrition and facilitates the attainment of a sustainable family size. This study aims to examine the association between household food insecurity and fertility in Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and identify correlating factors.
Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 651 reproductive-age women in three randomly selected Woredas (districts) from a sub-city from February to March 2023. Six Ketenas (villages) were selected using a probability proportional to size technique from three Woredas. Data were collected through a validated survey by trained individuals, and household income and
expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. The Pearson chi-square test (χ ), independent t-test, and logistic regression were used to examine the association between household food insecurity and fertility, considering other covariates.
Result: The study area had a 68% prevalence rate of food insecurity. The study found that five factors affect the likelihood of food insecurity in households. Household size,
the sex of the household head, women’s education and income, and the number of dependents increase the risk of food insecurity at P < 0.05.
Conclusion: Urban food insecurity is a growing issue caused mainly by high urban poverty rates. Responsible family planning, resulting in smaller households, is the key
to tackling the problem. Therefore, the city administration and every stakeholder should adopt measures to enhance food security and create prospects to improve the living standards and economic performance of urban households.
Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 651 reproductive-age women in three randomly selected Woredas (districts) from a sub-city from February to March 2023. Six Ketenas (villages) were selected using a probability proportional to size technique from three Woredas. Data were collected through a validated survey by trained individuals, and household income and
expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. The Pearson chi-square test (χ ), independent t-test, and logistic regression were used to examine the association between household food insecurity and fertility, considering other covariates.
Result: The study area had a 68% prevalence rate of food insecurity. The study found that five factors affect the likelihood of food insecurity in households. Household size,
the sex of the household head, women’s education and income, and the number of dependents increase the risk of food insecurity at P < 0.05.
Conclusion: Urban food insecurity is a growing issue caused mainly by high urban poverty rates. Responsible family planning, resulting in smaller households, is the key
to tackling the problem. Therefore, the city administration and every stakeholder should adopt measures to enhance food security and create prospects to improve the living standards and economic performance of urban households.
Research Interests:
High rates of unemployment resulting from sluggish economic growth and a low level of investment in urban centers, combined with high population growth, have negatively affected the income-earning potential of urban residents. Even though... more
High rates of unemployment resulting from sluggish economic growth and a low level of investment in urban centers, combined with high population growth, have negatively affected the income-earning potential of urban residents. Even though there is a long-held belief that the urban population is better off, or even favored than rural populations, recent food and financial crises have highlighted the problem of urban food poverty in developing countries. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to assess the demographic and socio-economic determinants of food poverty among households in Akaki-kality Sub-city. To do so, socio-economic and demographic data obtained from the Kality Sub-City Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) office were used. Foster, Greer and Thorbeck distributional measures of food poverty was employed to estimate the head count ratio (food poverty situation), , food poverty gap and assess the severity of household food poverty, while econometric analysis was used to identify determinate factors of food poverty within Sub-city. Several explanatory variables were considered, including household size, dependency ratio, age of household head, sex of household head, marital status,education of household head, access to credit, health of household head and household food expenditure and food poverty as dependent variable. As the head count index shows, 20.30 % of the total households are below the food poverty line. The food poverty gap and severity were 5 % and 1.9 %, respectively. The result of the regression model estimate indicates that out of the 9 factors included, five were found to have a significant influence on the probability of being food poor at less than 5 % significance level. Urban population will continue to grow with its associated problems unless meaningful development interventions backed by research findings are undertaken. Further, efforts need to be made to improve the income earning capacity of households, education level with particular focus on vocational training, reduce family size with a view to reducing their dependency ratio and saving and credit access to enable them cope with food poverty.
The innovation was made to increase our physical capacity to work by use of device which increases momentum, potential, kinetic energy. Through this device we have seen the development of air ways, Airplane, automobile, roads, bridges,... more
The innovation was made to increase our physical capacity to work by use of device which increases momentum, potential, kinetic energy. Through this device we have seen the development of air ways, Airplane, automobile, roads, bridges, etc. The development of each of these technologies goes in parallel with the development of welding Technology. Welding is the process of uniting pieces of metal (similar or dissimilar) by fusion accomplished by the different welding process. This book is prepared to enhance the theoretical and practical skill of the trainees and technicians in basic welding course.
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Firm productivity is an essential indicator of the strength of firms to stay in operation in local and international markets. Managers coordinate the application of labor, capital, and intermediate inputs. The inability to well control,... more
Firm productivity is an essential indicator of the strength of firms to stay in operation in local and international markets. Managers coordinate the application of labor, capital, and intermediate inputs. The inability to well control, coordinate, and plan these resources significantly reduces plant efficiency and finally lowers productivity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the existing system and improve productivity in Yirgalem Addis Textile Factory plc. In this study, the descriptive research design was adopted to identify the major determinant factors that significantly affect productivity at Yirgalem Addis Textile Factory plc. In terms of data, the study relied on primary data collected using structured questionnaires. The tool was pre-tested to ascertain its reliability and validity. The data collected was checked for errors and omissions and then coded before applying a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) analysis. The study results showed that out of 13 determinant factors, nine independent variables were found to have a significant relationship with firm productivity. Insufficient skill gap training for technicians, spare part scarcity, frequent machine downtime, poor preventive maintenance experience, and inadequate skill of the maintenance personnel were among the major problems. Following this result, the appropriate productivity improvement technique that could address the major problem was selected, and a possible solution was suggested. After that, a TPM implementation plan was developed to address the problems and improve the productivity of the plant. Finally, as the result of regression analysis shows, Yirgalem Addis Textile factory, after successfully implementing TPM, could improve the current OEE level of the blanket plant (54.99%) to 82.7%.
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Despite investment and support for family planning in developing countries, some people living in poverty are hesitant to use modern birth control methods, and usage rates are insufficient. Improved reproductive health is directly related... more
Despite investment and support for family planning in developing countries, some people living in poverty are hesitant to use modern birth control methods, and usage rates are insufficient. Improved reproductive health is directly related to enhanced nutrition, while optimal nutrition
fosters superior reproductive health outcomes. This study aims to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and fertility in Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A study was conducted on 649 reproductive-age women in three randomly selected Woredas (districts)
from a sub-city from February to March 2023. Data were collected through a validated survey by trained individuals, and household income and expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. Poisson regression was used to examine the link between household food insecurity and fertility, considering other covariates. The result of the
study shows that food insecurity status was a significant predictor of the number of children ever born. The number of children ever born for women within food-secure households is 0.655 times lower compared to women with food insecurity. Similarly, the age of the mother, marital
status, contraceptive use, women’s income, and childhood mortality were significant in predicting the number of children ever born at P < 0.05. Household food insecurity exhibits a positive correlation with the number of children ever born. Thus, it is imperative to recognize food insecurity
as a barrier that must be addressed when developing family planning services.
fosters superior reproductive health outcomes. This study aims to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and fertility in Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A study was conducted on 649 reproductive-age women in three randomly selected Woredas (districts)
from a sub-city from February to March 2023. Data were collected through a validated survey by trained individuals, and household income and expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. Poisson regression was used to examine the link between household food insecurity and fertility, considering other covariates. The result of the
study shows that food insecurity status was a significant predictor of the number of children ever born. The number of children ever born for women within food-secure households is 0.655 times lower compared to women with food insecurity. Similarly, the age of the mother, marital
status, contraceptive use, women’s income, and childhood mortality were significant in predicting the number of children ever born at P < 0.05. Household food insecurity exhibits a positive correlation with the number of children ever born. Thus, it is imperative to recognize food insecurity
as a barrier that must be addressed when developing family planning services.
Research Interests:
Food security and vulnerability assessments in Ethiopia have traditionally focused on rural regions. In contemporary policy discussions, urban food security has garnered significant attention. Notably, there is a lack of empirical... more
Food security and vulnerability assessments in Ethiopia have traditionally focused on rural regions. In contemporary policy discussions, urban food security has garnered significant attention. Notably, there is a lack of empirical substantiation of urban food security and its impact on the livelihoods of city dwellers as they grapple with escalating food prices. The present study aims to determine the extent of household food insecurity and identify correlated factors among 692 households in three randomly selected Woredas (districts) within Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Six Ketenas (villages) were selected using a probability proportional-to-size technique from three Woredas between February and March of 2023. Data were collected through a validated survey administered by trained individuals, and household income and expenditure were used to measure food insecurity access. Chi-square (χ 2) and logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with food insecurity in the region. The overall prevalence of household food insecurity in the study area was found to be 66.5%. Regression results indicate that seven of the hypothesized nine demographic and socioeconomic determinants of household food insecurity significantly influence the probability of experiencing food insecurity (p < 0.05). Household food expenditure, household dependency ratio, age, sex, educational status of the household head, access to savings and credit, and the urban productive safety net program were identified as significant determinants of urban household food insecurity. This study underscores that food insecurity in Ethiopia is not limited to rural areas but also affects urban regions, mainly due to high urban poverty rates. Strategies to reduce household size, improve the household dependency ratio, and enhance socioeconomic factors can empower households to build resilience against food insecurity. Policymakers should adopt measures to stabilize the food insecurity improve living standards, and enhance the economic capabilities of urban households.
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Household food insecurity increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in children. Improved reproductive health in women enhances the nutrition status of children, while better food security helps children survive. This study aims to... more
Household food insecurity increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in children. Improved reproductive health in women enhances the nutrition status of children, while better food security helps children survive. This study aims to examine the relationship between food insecurity and under-five mortality. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2023 in Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 605 women of reproductive age were selected using multistage sampling. A Pearson Chi-square test (χ 2) and logistic regression were used to assess the association between food insecurity and under-five mortality after adjusting for other covariates. The result of the study shows that food security status was a significant predictor of under-five mortality at p < 0.05. According to the findings, women from food-insecure households were 3.89 times more likely to experience under-five mortality compared to women from food-secure households. Similarly, women's education, age at first birth, initiation of breastfeeding, child's age and sex, birth order, and the number of children ever born were significant predictors of under-five mortality at p < 0.05. These outcomes reinforce the notion that food insecurity is a significant public health concern. Consequently, national and regional considerations should prioritize addressing household food insecurity and cases of acute malnutrition to achieve sustainable development goals.
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Knowledge about anything is complete only when it can be expressed in numbers and something is known about it. Thus, for every kind of quantity measured, there must be a unit to measure it and express it in the numbers of that unit. The... more
Knowledge about anything is complete only when it can be expressed in numbers and something is known about it. Thus, for every kind of quantity measured, there must be a unit to measure it and express it in the numbers of that unit. The unit has to be followed by all, and hence there must be a universal standard. The most important parameter in metrology is length, which can be measured in several forms and in several ways. Measurement plays a vital role in every field of investigation, and present day scientific and technological progress has resulted from progress in the field of measurement.