National Park Service, Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, 1979
This cultural resource study of the Fire Island National Seashore was prepared by Cultural Resour... more This cultural resource study of the Fire Island National Seashore was prepared by Cultural Resource Management Services, Inc. for the National Park Service under Contract No. CX1600-8-0048. The work was conducted during the period from November 1978 to August 1979. As specified in the contract, the project area is contained within the boundaries of the Fire Island National Seashore which is limited to a stretch of barrier beach approximately thirty-two miles long between Fire Island Inlet on the west and Moriches Inlet on the east (Fig. 1). The aim of the study is to provide infonnation about the history of the project area, to indicate the archeological, architectural and historic resources in the Fire Island National Seashore and to make reconmendations, when applicable, for specific intensive cultural resource studies. The inventory of known cultural resources and zones of potential archeological resources can be consulted by the National Park Service in the evaluation of the impact of proposed construction projects or land modification activities.
A discussion of the results of two projects in Nicaragua to determine if pre-columbian societies ... more A discussion of the results of two projects in Nicaragua to determine if pre-columbian societies of these regions were tied into macro-regional networks, and the implications of these potential connections.
Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America/ An Encyclopedia, ed. Evans & Webster, 2001
The north central and northern Pacific coastal regions of Nicaragua form part of a land bridge, w... more The north central and northern Pacific coastal regions of Nicaragua form part of a land bridge, with depressions or low-elevation passages across the isthmus via the Nicaraguan Rift which have facilitated the movement of fauna, flora, material culture, people, and ideas. In addition, the extremely fertile volcanic soils of the Pacific Coast allowed for dense concentrations of indigenous settlement in pre-Hispanic times. The prehistory of these areas is rich, dynamic, and complex: extensive areas were sometimes integrated into the Greater Nicoya subarea, and the arrival of Mesoamerican groups, beginning around A.O. 800 (Chorotega groups, followed by Nahuaspeaking Pipil and Nicarao), certainly caused displacements and disruptions as well as introducing new cultural institutions. This archaeological region comprises two major ecological regions in Nicaragua: the Central Highlands and the Pacific Region. It does not include Lake Nicaragua or the southern sector of Lake Managua, the i~lands ofZapatera and Ometepe, and the Isthmus of Rivas, which are discussed in the article on Greater Nicoya (see "Nicoya, Greater, and Guanacaste Region''). Pre-Hispanic Nicaragua provided a vast array of wild resources that were used, and sometimes domesticated, by its early inhabitants. Coastal, riverine, lacustrine, and upland habitats all occur in the Pacific and north central regions. Agriculture, combined with fishing, hunting, and gathering when possible, was the main subsistence activity. Maize (Zea mays) as well as root crops, beans, calabashes, and peppers were cultivated. Important fruit trees included a number of Spondias species, mammees (Mammea americana), zapote (Calocarpum sapota), nance {Byrsonima crassifolia), papaya {Carica papaya), guava (Psidium guajava), guanabana {Annona muricata), and avocado {Persea americana). Economically and/or ceremonially importa!Jt crops included cotton, cacao, tobacco, and coca as well as copal incense, a variety of dye plants, the balsam tree (Myroxylon balsamum}, the wild fig (Ficus spp.) and the kapok tree or ceiba {Ceiba pentandra). Only the mute dog and the Nicaragua: North Central and Pacific Regions 513 Laraine A. Fletcher, "Nicaragua: North Central and Pacific Regions". Pages 513- 517.
Co-authors: Ricardo Vazquez L., Frederick W. Lange, John W. Hoopes, Oscar Fonseca Z., Rafael Gonz... more Co-authors: Ricardo Vazquez L., Frederick W. Lange, John W. Hoopes, Oscar Fonseca Z., Rafael Gonzalez R., Ana C. Arias, Ronald T. Bishop, Nathalie Borgnino, Adolfo Constenla U., Francisco Corrales U., Edgar Espinoza P., Laraine A. Fletcher, Juan V. Guerrero M., Valerie Lauthelin, Dominique Rigat, Silvia Salgado G. y Ronaldo Salgado G. 1 En este articulo se resumen las caracteristicas mas generales de cada periodo de la secuencia arqueol6gica de Gran Nicoya, con base en un esquema cronol6gico revisado y una nueva nomenclatura. Se estiman los limites geograficos de las desarrollos culturales ocurridos en cada periodo. Otras categorias de datos discutidas son: subsistencia, patrones de asentamiento, organizaci6n sociodemografica, contactos foraneos , ceramica y litica. Se incluyen, ademas, recomendaciones e hip6tesis que sirvan de referencia hacia futuros investigaciones en Gran Nicoya .
Ediciones; ContĂ¡ctenos; Enlaces. Calakmul: new data from an ancient Maya capital in Campeche, Me... more Ediciones; ContĂ¡ctenos; Enlaces. Calakmul: new data from an ancient Maya capital in Campeche, Mexico. CĂ³digo, Rev.640b. TĂtulo del artĂculo, ;Calakmul: new data from an ancient Maya capital in Campeche, Mexico.
Co-authors: Laraine Anne Fletcher; Jacinto May Hau; Lynda M. Florey y Folan; and William J. Folan... more Co-authors: Laraine Anne Fletcher; Jacinto May Hau; Lynda M. Florey y Folan; and William J. Folan.
Este reporte es una presentaci6n y analisis de los datos sobre el Patron de Asentamiento de Calakmul provistos del Proyecto Calakmul del Centro de Investigaciones Hist6ricas y Sociales de la Universidad Aut6noma del Sudeste. Este proyecto ha sido patrocindo por la Universidad misma, la Subsecretarla de Educaci6n Superior y la Subsecretarla de Cultura.
The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation, ed. Arthur Demarest, Prudence Rice and Don Rice, 2004
For more than one thousand years, Calakmul, located in southeastern Campeche, Mexico, was the cap... more For more than one thousand years, Calakmul, located in southeastern Campeche, Mexico, was the capital of one of the largest and most powerful regional states in the Maya lowlands (Folan, Marcus, Pincemin
et al. 1995; May Hau et al. 1990). At its peak during the Classic period, the territory under the direct control of the k’uhul kan ajawob, as the kings of the Calakmul polity were known, extended over an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers (Figure 9.1; DomĂnguez Carrasco et al. 1997; Folan 1988; Marcus 1973, 1976). In fact, the kingdom of Calakmul was at least as large in area and population as any other Late Classic state of the central Maya lowlands, including Tikal (Fletcher and Gann 1992; Folan 1988).
Coba represents a major Classic period Maya urban center. Archaeological investigations have su... more Coba represents a major Classic period Maya urban center. Archaeological investigations have suggested a complex socioeconomic integration apparent in the heterogeneity of the size, shape, and quality of architecture while demonstrating a clear demarcation between commoner and elite compounds in addition to a complex system of raised roads (sacbeob). Results of the 1974-1976 mapping efforts at Coba revealed a generalized concentric settlement pattern with elite compounds concentrated at the core. In their analysis of the settlement patterns at Tikal, Guatemala, Arnold and Ford challenged this concentric model. Their analysis of labor investment in structures within the 9 km2 core area of Tikal suggested, in contrast to Coba, a scattered rather than a concentric pattern of high-status architecture. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we tested our concentric model hypothesis for Coba by applying Arnold and Ford's work investment parameters. Our results confirmed the presence of a concentric pattern of high-status architecture at Coba closest to the core that differed from Arnold and Ford's findings of a scattered pattern in Tikal. These unique
and discrete findings suggest that all major cities in the Maya area may not possess identical settlement patterns. To support our findings indicating urbanism, we also make a detailed analysis of the Coba and Calakmul demographics focusing on the Late Classic period.
Quantitative analysis of 3579 trees recorded in the Classic Maya city of CobĂ¡, Quintana Roo, Mexi... more Quantitative analysis of 3579 trees recorded in the Classic Maya city of CobĂ¡, Quintana Roo, Mexico, indicates a strong relation between the location and quantity of certain trees producing fruit, fiber, bark, and resin, high-status vaulted architecture, and their distance from the center of the site out toward the fringes. The relationships suggest agreement between the residence pattern of CobĂ¡ and Diego de Landa's 16th-century class-oriented description of Maya towns during preconquest times.
Data from Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico indicate strongly that Arnold and Ford (1980) settlement pat... more Data from Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico indicate strongly that Arnold and Ford (1980) settlement pattern analysis of Tikal, Guatemala is the result of an insufficient sample combined with their inability to distinguish between vaulted and unvaulted masonry ..
Coba/ A Classic Maya Metropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chapter 6., 1983
COMPARATIVE DATA ON LINEAR FEATURES IN THE MAYA AREA
Although linear features have been reported... more COMPARATIVE DATA ON LINEAR FEATURES IN THE MAYA AREA
Although linear features have been reported previously for the Maya arc:i, no systematic investigation of these features had been undertaken until recently, with the exception of Bullard's (1952, 1954) study at Mayapan,
Coba/ A Classic Maya Metropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chapter 7, 1983
House-lot boundary walls recorded at Coba and the corpus of data amassed on these linear features... more House-lot boundary walls recorded at Coba and the corpus of data amassed on these linear features allow for a quantitative analysis of solares or yard areas, forming an integral part of Maya households. These data also make possible an assessment of the space available to family units, the use of this area as kitchen gardens, and an evaluation of the relationship between solares and the social status of house-hold residents.
Coba/ A Classic Maya Metropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chapter 8., 1983
The Coba and the Mayapan mapping projects were undertaken t pro
a graphic record toward a better... more The Coba and the Mayapan mapping projects were undertaken t pro
a graphic record toward a better understanding of Maya social organization based, in part, on a comparative analysis of their surface feature. .
Coba/ A Claxssic Maya Mdetropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chap. 13., 1983
The size and composition of the resident population of Classic Maya centers have been factors u... more The size and composition of the resident population of Classic Maya centers have been factors under investigation for many years with high population figures estimated for large regional centers such as Tikal and Dzibilchaltun . It is our goal here to offer a construct of the resident population at C oba during the Late Classic to provide a demographic model of the city suitable ·for comparison to other cities in Mesoamerica in general, and the Maya zone in particular.
National Park Service, Division of Cultural Resources, North Atlantic Regional Office, 1979
This cultural resource study of the Fire Island National Seashore was prepared by Cultural Resour... more This cultural resource study of the Fire Island National Seashore was prepared by Cultural Resource Management Services, Inc. for the National Park Service under Contract No. CX1600-8-0048. The work was conducted during the period from November 1978 to August 1979. As specified in the contract, the project area is contained within the boundaries of the Fire Island National Seashore which is limited to a stretch of barrier beach approximately thirty-two miles long between Fire Island Inlet on the west and Moriches Inlet on the east (Fig. 1). The aim of the study is to provide infonnation about the history of the project area, to indicate the archeological, architectural and historic resources in the Fire Island National Seashore and to make reconmendations, when applicable, for specific intensive cultural resource studies. The inventory of known cultural resources and zones of potential archeological resources can be consulted by the National Park Service in the evaluation of the impact of proposed construction projects or land modification activities.
A discussion of the results of two projects in Nicaragua to determine if pre-columbian societies ... more A discussion of the results of two projects in Nicaragua to determine if pre-columbian societies of these regions were tied into macro-regional networks, and the implications of these potential connections.
Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America/ An Encyclopedia, ed. Evans & Webster, 2001
The north central and northern Pacific coastal regions of Nicaragua form part of a land bridge, w... more The north central and northern Pacific coastal regions of Nicaragua form part of a land bridge, with depressions or low-elevation passages across the isthmus via the Nicaraguan Rift which have facilitated the movement of fauna, flora, material culture, people, and ideas. In addition, the extremely fertile volcanic soils of the Pacific Coast allowed for dense concentrations of indigenous settlement in pre-Hispanic times. The prehistory of these areas is rich, dynamic, and complex: extensive areas were sometimes integrated into the Greater Nicoya subarea, and the arrival of Mesoamerican groups, beginning around A.O. 800 (Chorotega groups, followed by Nahuaspeaking Pipil and Nicarao), certainly caused displacements and disruptions as well as introducing new cultural institutions. This archaeological region comprises two major ecological regions in Nicaragua: the Central Highlands and the Pacific Region. It does not include Lake Nicaragua or the southern sector of Lake Managua, the i~lands ofZapatera and Ometepe, and the Isthmus of Rivas, which are discussed in the article on Greater Nicoya (see "Nicoya, Greater, and Guanacaste Region''). Pre-Hispanic Nicaragua provided a vast array of wild resources that were used, and sometimes domesticated, by its early inhabitants. Coastal, riverine, lacustrine, and upland habitats all occur in the Pacific and north central regions. Agriculture, combined with fishing, hunting, and gathering when possible, was the main subsistence activity. Maize (Zea mays) as well as root crops, beans, calabashes, and peppers were cultivated. Important fruit trees included a number of Spondias species, mammees (Mammea americana), zapote (Calocarpum sapota), nance {Byrsonima crassifolia), papaya {Carica papaya), guava (Psidium guajava), guanabana {Annona muricata), and avocado {Persea americana). Economically and/or ceremonially importa!Jt crops included cotton, cacao, tobacco, and coca as well as copal incense, a variety of dye plants, the balsam tree (Myroxylon balsamum}, the wild fig (Ficus spp.) and the kapok tree or ceiba {Ceiba pentandra). Only the mute dog and the Nicaragua: North Central and Pacific Regions 513 Laraine A. Fletcher, "Nicaragua: North Central and Pacific Regions". Pages 513- 517.
Co-authors: Ricardo Vazquez L., Frederick W. Lange, John W. Hoopes, Oscar Fonseca Z., Rafael Gonz... more Co-authors: Ricardo Vazquez L., Frederick W. Lange, John W. Hoopes, Oscar Fonseca Z., Rafael Gonzalez R., Ana C. Arias, Ronald T. Bishop, Nathalie Borgnino, Adolfo Constenla U., Francisco Corrales U., Edgar Espinoza P., Laraine A. Fletcher, Juan V. Guerrero M., Valerie Lauthelin, Dominique Rigat, Silvia Salgado G. y Ronaldo Salgado G. 1 En este articulo se resumen las caracteristicas mas generales de cada periodo de la secuencia arqueol6gica de Gran Nicoya, con base en un esquema cronol6gico revisado y una nueva nomenclatura. Se estiman los limites geograficos de las desarrollos culturales ocurridos en cada periodo. Otras categorias de datos discutidas son: subsistencia, patrones de asentamiento, organizaci6n sociodemografica, contactos foraneos , ceramica y litica. Se incluyen, ademas, recomendaciones e hip6tesis que sirvan de referencia hacia futuros investigaciones en Gran Nicoya .
Ediciones; ContĂ¡ctenos; Enlaces. Calakmul: new data from an ancient Maya capital in Campeche, Me... more Ediciones; ContĂ¡ctenos; Enlaces. Calakmul: new data from an ancient Maya capital in Campeche, Mexico. CĂ³digo, Rev.640b. TĂtulo del artĂculo, ;Calakmul: new data from an ancient Maya capital in Campeche, Mexico.
Co-authors: Laraine Anne Fletcher; Jacinto May Hau; Lynda M. Florey y Folan; and William J. Folan... more Co-authors: Laraine Anne Fletcher; Jacinto May Hau; Lynda M. Florey y Folan; and William J. Folan.
Este reporte es una presentaci6n y analisis de los datos sobre el Patron de Asentamiento de Calakmul provistos del Proyecto Calakmul del Centro de Investigaciones Hist6ricas y Sociales de la Universidad Aut6noma del Sudeste. Este proyecto ha sido patrocindo por la Universidad misma, la Subsecretarla de Educaci6n Superior y la Subsecretarla de Cultura.
The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation, ed. Arthur Demarest, Prudence Rice and Don Rice, 2004
For more than one thousand years, Calakmul, located in southeastern Campeche, Mexico, was the cap... more For more than one thousand years, Calakmul, located in southeastern Campeche, Mexico, was the capital of one of the largest and most powerful regional states in the Maya lowlands (Folan, Marcus, Pincemin
et al. 1995; May Hau et al. 1990). At its peak during the Classic period, the territory under the direct control of the k’uhul kan ajawob, as the kings of the Calakmul polity were known, extended over an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers (Figure 9.1; DomĂnguez Carrasco et al. 1997; Folan 1988; Marcus 1973, 1976). In fact, the kingdom of Calakmul was at least as large in area and population as any other Late Classic state of the central Maya lowlands, including Tikal (Fletcher and Gann 1992; Folan 1988).
Coba represents a major Classic period Maya urban center. Archaeological investigations have su... more Coba represents a major Classic period Maya urban center. Archaeological investigations have suggested a complex socioeconomic integration apparent in the heterogeneity of the size, shape, and quality of architecture while demonstrating a clear demarcation between commoner and elite compounds in addition to a complex system of raised roads (sacbeob). Results of the 1974-1976 mapping efforts at Coba revealed a generalized concentric settlement pattern with elite compounds concentrated at the core. In their analysis of the settlement patterns at Tikal, Guatemala, Arnold and Ford challenged this concentric model. Their analysis of labor investment in structures within the 9 km2 core area of Tikal suggested, in contrast to Coba, a scattered rather than a concentric pattern of high-status architecture. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we tested our concentric model hypothesis for Coba by applying Arnold and Ford's work investment parameters. Our results confirmed the presence of a concentric pattern of high-status architecture at Coba closest to the core that differed from Arnold and Ford's findings of a scattered pattern in Tikal. These unique
and discrete findings suggest that all major cities in the Maya area may not possess identical settlement patterns. To support our findings indicating urbanism, we also make a detailed analysis of the Coba and Calakmul demographics focusing on the Late Classic period.
Quantitative analysis of 3579 trees recorded in the Classic Maya city of CobĂ¡, Quintana Roo, Mexi... more Quantitative analysis of 3579 trees recorded in the Classic Maya city of CobĂ¡, Quintana Roo, Mexico, indicates a strong relation between the location and quantity of certain trees producing fruit, fiber, bark, and resin, high-status vaulted architecture, and their distance from the center of the site out toward the fringes. The relationships suggest agreement between the residence pattern of CobĂ¡ and Diego de Landa's 16th-century class-oriented description of Maya towns during preconquest times.
Data from Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico indicate strongly that Arnold and Ford (1980) settlement pat... more Data from Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico indicate strongly that Arnold and Ford (1980) settlement pattern analysis of Tikal, Guatemala is the result of an insufficient sample combined with their inability to distinguish between vaulted and unvaulted masonry ..
Coba/ A Classic Maya Metropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chapter 6., 1983
COMPARATIVE DATA ON LINEAR FEATURES IN THE MAYA AREA
Although linear features have been reported... more COMPARATIVE DATA ON LINEAR FEATURES IN THE MAYA AREA
Although linear features have been reported previously for the Maya arc:i, no systematic investigation of these features had been undertaken until recently, with the exception of Bullard's (1952, 1954) study at Mayapan,
Coba/ A Classic Maya Metropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chapter 7, 1983
House-lot boundary walls recorded at Coba and the corpus of data amassed on these linear features... more House-lot boundary walls recorded at Coba and the corpus of data amassed on these linear features allow for a quantitative analysis of solares or yard areas, forming an integral part of Maya households. These data also make possible an assessment of the space available to family units, the use of this area as kitchen gardens, and an evaluation of the relationship between solares and the social status of house-hold residents.
Coba/ A Classic Maya Metropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chapter 8., 1983
The Coba and the Mayapan mapping projects were undertaken t pro
a graphic record toward a better... more The Coba and the Mayapan mapping projects were undertaken t pro
a graphic record toward a better understanding of Maya social organization based, in part, on a comparative analysis of their surface feature. .
Coba/ A Claxssic Maya Mdetropolis. NY & London, Academic Press, 1983. Chap. 13., 1983
The size and composition of the resident population of Classic Maya centers have been factors u... more The size and composition of the resident population of Classic Maya centers have been factors under investigation for many years with high population figures estimated for large regional centers such as Tikal and Dzibilchaltun . It is our goal here to offer a construct of the resident population at C oba during the Late Classic to provide a demographic model of the city suitable ·for comparison to other cities in Mesoamerica in general, and the Maya zone in particular.
Applications are invited from college faculty, full-time or contingent, to participate in a three... more Applications are invited from college faculty, full-time or contingent, to participate in a three-week Summer Institute exploring the newly accessible archives of 16th century Spanish and Nahua textual and pictorial documents that give expression to the new existential realities created by the Spanish incursions into the Valley of Mexico in 1519-1521: the overthrow of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, and the founding of Spanish colonial Mexico City. The intriguing primary documents we will analyze-along with crucial secondary studies by our visiting scholars and others-take multiple forms: written alphabetic texts in Spanish or Nahuatl; ideographic calendars and books of divination; and pictorial histories in the form of scrolls, codices, (linens) and maps. The written source materials will be accessible to participants in English Institute Blackboard site, and the crucial pictorial manuscripts and maps will be accessible online, as well as in printed facsimiles. Every teacher/scholar dreams of the opportunity to immerse herself in the full array of primary source materials, whether manuscripts, photographs, artifacts, or rare print items. This project will provide Institute Summer Scholars an unprecedented opportunity to Depending on Public Health Guidelines related to COVID-19 , plans for a residential offering are subject to change. explore a unique archive in a collegial and supportive environment. Funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and sponsored by Adelphi University, this three-week Institute will enable our Summer Scholar participants to explore the burgeoning new perspectives and theoretical approaches to 16th century Mexican textual, pictorial, and ethnohistorical studies with scholars who are in the vanguard of the development of new critical approaches. Institute seminars and discussions, among participants themselves, and with our renowned visiting scholars, will provide a compelling format for our Summer Scholars to engage directly with these new textual resources and critical paradigms.
An overview essay co-authored with Laraine Fletcher in connection with NEH Institutes on Andean W... more An overview essay co-authored with Laraine Fletcher in connection with NEH Institutes on Andean Worlds offered in 2005 and 2008 on site in Peru and Bolivia.
An overview essay in connection with a 2015 NEH Summer Institute directed by George Scheper and L... more An overview essay in connection with a 2015 NEH Summer Institute directed by George Scheper and Laraine Fletcher, in residence at Library of Congress, 2015.
An overview essay co-authored with George Scheper in connection with an NEH Institute at the Libr... more An overview essay co-authored with George Scheper in connection with an NEH Institute at the Library of Congress in June 2015
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Papers by Laraine Fletcher
was conducted during the period from November 1978 to August 1979.
As specified in the contract, the project area is contained within
the boundaries of the Fire Island National Seashore which is limited to a stretch of barrier beach approximately thirty-two miles long between Fire Island Inlet on the west and Moriches Inlet on the
east (Fig. 1).
The aim of the study is to provide infonnation about the history of the project area, to indicate the archeological, architectural
and historic resources in the Fire Island National Seashore and to make reconmendations, when applicable, for specific intensive cultural resource studies. The inventory of known cultural resources and
zones of potential archeological resources can be consulted by the National Park Service in the evaluation of the impact of proposed construction projects or land modification activities.
En este articulo se resumen las caracteristicas mas generales de cada periodo de la secuencia arqueol6gica de Gran Nicoya, con base en un esquema cronol6gico revisado y una nueva nomenclatura. Se estiman los limites geograficos de las desarrollos culturales ocurridos en cada periodo. Otras categorias de datos discutidas son: subsistencia, patrones de asentamiento, organizaci6n sociodemografica, contactos foraneos , ceramica y litica. Se incluyen, ademas, recomendaciones e hip6tesis que sirvan de referencia hacia futuros investigaciones en Gran Nicoya .
Este reporte es una presentaci6n y analisis de los datos sobre el Patron de Asentamiento de Calakmul provistos del Proyecto Calakmul del Centro de Investigaciones Hist6ricas y Sociales de la Universidad Aut6noma del Sudeste. Este proyecto ha sido patrocindo por la Universidad misma, la Subsecretarla de Educaci6n Superior y la Subsecretarla de Cultura.
et al. 1995; May Hau et al. 1990). At its peak during the Classic period, the territory under the direct control of the k’uhul kan ajawob, as the kings of the Calakmul polity were known, extended over an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers (Figure 9.1; DomĂnguez Carrasco et al. 1997; Folan 1988; Marcus 1973, 1976). In fact, the kingdom of Calakmul was at least as large in area and population as any other Late Classic state of the central Maya lowlands, including Tikal (Fletcher and Gann 1992; Folan 1988).
and discrete findings suggest that all major cities in the Maya area may not possess identical settlement patterns. To support our findings indicating urbanism, we also make a detailed analysis of the Coba and Calakmul demographics focusing on the Late Classic period.
Although linear features have been reported previously for the Maya arc:i, no systematic investigation of these features had been undertaken until recently, with the exception of Bullard's (1952, 1954) study at Mayapan,
a graphic record toward a better understanding of Maya social organization based, in part, on a comparative analysis of their surface feature. .
was conducted during the period from November 1978 to August 1979.
As specified in the contract, the project area is contained within
the boundaries of the Fire Island National Seashore which is limited to a stretch of barrier beach approximately thirty-two miles long between Fire Island Inlet on the west and Moriches Inlet on the
east (Fig. 1).
The aim of the study is to provide infonnation about the history of the project area, to indicate the archeological, architectural
and historic resources in the Fire Island National Seashore and to make reconmendations, when applicable, for specific intensive cultural resource studies. The inventory of known cultural resources and
zones of potential archeological resources can be consulted by the National Park Service in the evaluation of the impact of proposed construction projects or land modification activities.
En este articulo se resumen las caracteristicas mas generales de cada periodo de la secuencia arqueol6gica de Gran Nicoya, con base en un esquema cronol6gico revisado y una nueva nomenclatura. Se estiman los limites geograficos de las desarrollos culturales ocurridos en cada periodo. Otras categorias de datos discutidas son: subsistencia, patrones de asentamiento, organizaci6n sociodemografica, contactos foraneos , ceramica y litica. Se incluyen, ademas, recomendaciones e hip6tesis que sirvan de referencia hacia futuros investigaciones en Gran Nicoya .
Este reporte es una presentaci6n y analisis de los datos sobre el Patron de Asentamiento de Calakmul provistos del Proyecto Calakmul del Centro de Investigaciones Hist6ricas y Sociales de la Universidad Aut6noma del Sudeste. Este proyecto ha sido patrocindo por la Universidad misma, la Subsecretarla de Educaci6n Superior y la Subsecretarla de Cultura.
et al. 1995; May Hau et al. 1990). At its peak during the Classic period, the territory under the direct control of the k’uhul kan ajawob, as the kings of the Calakmul polity were known, extended over an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers (Figure 9.1; DomĂnguez Carrasco et al. 1997; Folan 1988; Marcus 1973, 1976). In fact, the kingdom of Calakmul was at least as large in area and population as any other Late Classic state of the central Maya lowlands, including Tikal (Fletcher and Gann 1992; Folan 1988).
and discrete findings suggest that all major cities in the Maya area may not possess identical settlement patterns. To support our findings indicating urbanism, we also make a detailed analysis of the Coba and Calakmul demographics focusing on the Late Classic period.
Although linear features have been reported previously for the Maya arc:i, no systematic investigation of these features had been undertaken until recently, with the exception of Bullard's (1952, 1954) study at Mayapan,
a graphic record toward a better understanding of Maya social organization based, in part, on a comparative analysis of their surface feature. .