Senior research scientist at irrigation department, Agriculture engineering research institute and Technical Committee at On-Farm Irrigation Development Projects Management Unit (PMU), Ministry of Agricultural and Land Reclamation (MALR), EgyptCell phone: 00201204111490 Supervisors: Senior Researcher at Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptEvapotranspiration Specialist Phone: 00201204111490 Address: Agricultural Engineering Research Institute EGYPT
DRYING TECHNOLOGY, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2020
(2020): Phytochemicals, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant activity, relative expansion ratio, and... more (2020): Phytochemicals, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant activity, relative expansion ratio, and microstructure of dried okra pods: swell-drying by instant controlled pressure drop versus conventional shade drying, Drying Technology, ABSTRACT This study is aimed at comparing swell drying versus conventional shade drying and optimizing the texturing by instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) of green okra pods. Differences in quality attributes such as content of flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophyll pigments, functional characteristics such as the antioxidant activity (AOA), microstructure and relative expansion ratio of dried okra pods were considered. The DIC processing parameters were the saturated steam pressure (0.2-0.6 MPa) and duration (40-60 s). A 2-parameter, 5-level central composite rotatable design was selected for establishing the experimental trials. They represent 8 factorial and star trials, and five repetitions of central/middle point of the square edges. Significant variations in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, carote-noids, antioxidant activity, and chlorophyll pigments were observed between swell-dried and conventional shadow dried okra pods. An increase of 25% and 99% was respectively observed for the relative expansion ratio and flavonoid content in swell dried okra pods compared with conventional shadow dried ones. The microstructure observations showed a significantly more porous open solid matrix of swell-dried okra pods compared to the com-pact/dense solid matrix of the conventional shadow dried okra pods. The optimum conditions of DIC-texturing were found to be 0.4 MPa for 50 s exhibiting the highest values of total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and chlorophyll pigments with good preservation of the carotenoid content. ARTICLE HISTORY
The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate [Latitude: 30 o 21`N, Longitud... more The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate [Latitude: 30 o 21`N, Longitude: 31 o 14`E and Elevation: 14 m] during 2015/16 growing seasons to test model application of wheat under Egyptian conditions. A computer application program has been developed as Consumptive Use Program plus (CUP plus) as is an application, can estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). A monthly climate data, the program uses daily measured weather data to estimate daily soil water balances for surfaces that account for evapotranspiration losses and water contributions from rainfall, seepage, and irrigation. Soil water-holding characteristics, effective rooting depths, and irrigation frequency were measured with rainfall and ETc data to calculate a daily water balance and determine effective rainfall and ETaw, which is equal to the seasonal cumulative ETc minus the effective rainfall. The main objective of this paper research is testing a mode for determining reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw), which provides an estimate of the net irrigation water diversion needed to produce a crop. The obtained results show that ETo arrive to the maximum in May by 188.19 mm/month but ETaw arrive to the maximum in April by 110.71 mm/month. The application outputs a wide range of tables and charts that are useful for irrigation planning and decision making.
The Egyptian agriculture is facing water shortage problem, which will need to improve irrigation ... more The Egyptian agriculture is facing water shortage problem, which will need to improve irrigation techniques and to find out the possible ways for rationalize irrigation water. Water scarcity has become an increasing constraint to the economic development, particularly of agriculture which is the biggest water consumer, and unreliable water services are prompting people to migrate in search of better opportunities. Agriculture in Egypt is receiving the biggest share of developed water supply; amounting to nearly 85% of the available water resources. The policy of Egypt is to fill the gap in food production, through vertical expansion of the irrigated areas, and the horizontal expansion in new reclaimed lands. Since about 97% of Egypt's water comes from outside Egypt, this requires very effective and serious action programs to reduce water losses and increase water use efficiency and crop water productivity. Finding new efficient ways to improve the matching between water supply and demand is a crucial for dealing with water scarcity, especially in the face of rapid population growth and negative impacts of climate change. The California Department of Water Resources and the University of California has developed a weather generator application program " SIMETAW " to simulate weather data from climatic records and to estimate reference evapotranspiration and crop evapotranspiration with the simulated data. The SIMETAW (Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water) application program is being used by the State of California to estimate the demand for irrigation water to improve water resources management. It has the potential to greatly improve our knowledge about the demand for water and how to efficiently manage the supply and distribution of water. Information on water demand is also needed to efficiently manage water supply and delivery in the Nile Delta of Egypt.
— Solar thermal systems that produce potable water from salty water have been studied for quite s... more — Solar thermal systems that produce potable water from salty water have been studied for quite some years, and the use of solar energy to produce potable water was known in ancient Egypt. Water distillation by using Solar still is provided with a cascade mesh material welded with on absorber sheet is designed and tested in the present investigation. The mesh material acts as a wick material on the absorbing surface to improve the productivity of the distilled water. In this study the effect of the type of the mesh material, the ambient temperature, the wind speed, cooling water flow rate over the glass cover and the flow rate of the feed salt water on the productivity of fresh water are investigated. The study indicated that the still provided with mesh material gives 17% more in the daily productivity than the conventional still. This improvement occurs with flow rate of feed salt water of 0.50 l/s, cooling water flow rate of 0.1 l/s over the glass cover and air gap constant of 40 mm.
The ASCE-EWRI recently published a report on the estimation of reference evapotranspiration for s... more The ASCE-EWRI recently published a report on the estimation of reference evapotranspiration for short canopies (ET o) and tall canopies (ET r) using a modified Penman-Monteith equation. Currently, another EWRI committee is developing crop coefficient (K c) values to estimate crop evapotranspiration by multiplying by either ET o or ET r. Most crop coefficients were developed using either ET o or ET r , and, because the relationship between ET o and ET r varies with microclimate, it is difficult to convert crop coefficients from one reference surface to the other. In this paper, a simple method to convert between ET o and ET r and between the corresponding Kco and Kcr factors is discussed.
The experiment was performed under greenhouse condition. Six chickpea varieties were surveyed to ... more The experiment was performed under greenhouse condition. Six chickpea varieties were surveyed to cultivate in cylindrical plastic drainable lysimeters and subjected to four water salinity levels (fresh water as control, water of 3, 6 and 9 dS/m). The work was divided into two parts, the first, is the germination part, to identify the proper salt concentration level which leads to a high germination percentage and to elucidate the possible impact of the salt concentration level on some chickpea varieties growing parameters. The second one is to classify the salt tolerance degree of the surveyed varieties. Several plant parameters were measured and analyzed: growth parameters, grain yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of chickpea varieties. The most important results obtained: For all the varieties under study, water of salt concentration level up to 6 dS/m can be used safely for seed germination, without any negative effect on germination. Chickpea varieties ICCV2 and ILC482 should be recommended for growing under saline irrigation practices. The grain yield values for both varieties were (2.7 and 2.6 ton/feddan) and the Water Use Efficiency also showed satisfactory performance with values of (2 and 1.9 kg/m 3) respectively. The volume of irrigation water gradually decreased with the gradual increments in the EC of the irrigation water. The individual varieties have obtained variable values under each of the irrigation water salinity level. The water consumptive use under fresh water for all varieties, with an average value of 1.26, 2.65 and 4.70 times greater than under irrigation with waters of EC values 3, 6 and 9 dS/m respectively.
TWO INDIAN TRAVELLERS: EAST AFRICA 1902–1906. Edited by Cynthia Salvadori with Judy Aldrick. Momb... more TWO INDIAN TRAVELLERS: EAST AFRICA 1902–1906. Edited by Cynthia Salvadori with Judy Aldrick. Mombasa, Friends of Fort Jesus, 1997. x + 242 pp. K. Shs 900.00 (pb).THE HERITAGE OF OMAN; A CELEBRATION IN PHOTOGRAPHS. By Pauline Sheldon (with photographs by Ozzie Newcombe). Reading, Garnet Publishing Limited, 1995. 160 pp. £30.00COMRADES AND ENEMIES. ARAB AND JEWISH WORKERS IN PALESTINE, 1906–1948. By Zachary Lockman. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1996. xvi + 440 pp., one map. £48.00 (cloth), £19.95 (pb).PAN‐TURKISM. FROM IRREDENTISM TO COOPERATION. By Jacob M. Landau. London, Hurst, 1995. 275 pp. £14.95.THE HORN OF AFRICA: POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. By Peter Woodward. (International Library of African Studies, 6.) London, I. B. Tauris, 1996. ix + 226 pp., one map. £39.50.POLITICS AND ISLAM IN CONTEMPORARY SUDAN. By Abdel Salam Sidahmed. Richmond, Curzon Press, 1997. xiv + 249 pp., £40.00SYRIA AND IRAN: MIDDLE POWERS IN A PENETRATED REGIONAL SYSTEM. By Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Raymond A. Hinnebusch. London and New York, Routledge, 1997. ix + 238 pp., £40.00WARS, INTERNAL CONFLICTS AND POLITICAL ORDER: A JEWISH DEMOCRACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST. (SUNY series in Israel Studies) By Gad Barzilai. New York, SUNY Press, 1996. 301 pp.OIL AND ISLAM, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES. By Oystein Noreng. (The PETRO Research Series in Petroleum Economics and Politics, Research Council of Norway.) Chichester, John Wiley, 1997. 342 pp.DER WEG DER ALEVITEN (BEKTASCHITEN): MENSCHENLIEBER, TOLERANZ, FRIEDEN UND FREUNDSCHAFT. By Ali Duran Gülçiçk. Cologne, Ethnographica Anatolica, 1996. 229 pp. 15DM.THE DECLINE OF EASTERN CHRISTIANITY UNDER ISLAM, FROM JIHAD TO DHIMMITUDE. By Bat Ye'or. London, Associated University Presses, 1996. 522 pp., illustrations.ISLAM AND HUMAN IDEOLOGY. By Samih Atef El‐Zein. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes by Elsayed M. H. Omran. Preparation and Presentation by Nabih Sidani and Issam Ghandour. London, Kegan Paul International, 1996. xxv + 375 pp. £45.ISLAMIC LEGAL INTERPRETATION: MUFTIS AND THEIR FATWAS. Edited by M. K. Masud, B. Messick and D. Powers. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1996. 431 pp.SUHRAWARDI AND THE SCHOOL OF ILLUMINATION. By Mehdi Amin Razavi. (Curzon Sufi Series.) Richmond, Curzon Press, 1997. 192 pp., £35 (hb), £14.99 (pb).RUZBIHAN BAQLI: MYSTICISM AND THE RHETORIC OF SAINTHOOD IN PERSIAN SUFISM. By Carl W. Ernst. Richmond, Curzon Press, 1996. xxvi + 181 pp., two charts, two appendices, indexes and glossary. £12.99 (pb).ARABISCHE PRIVATBRIEFE DES 9. BIS 15. JAHRHUNDERTS AUS DER ÖSTERREICHISCHEN NATIONALBIBLIOTHEK IN WIEN. By Werner Diem. (Documenta Arabica Antiqua 2.) Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 1996. 288 pp. (Textband), 52 plates (Tafelband). 178 DM.ARABISCHE AMTLICHE BRIEFE DES 10. BIS 16. JAHRHUNDERTS AUS DER ÖSTERREICHISCHEN NATIONALBIBLIOTHEK IN WIEN. By Werner Diem. (Documenta Arabica Antiqua 3.) Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 1996. 411 pp. (Textband), 80 plates (Tafelband). 192 DM.99 BEEKASHI‐WITZE/BEKTAŞİ FIKRASI: Deutsch‐Türkisch. By Ali Duran Gülçiçek and Rüdiger Benninghaus. Cologne, Ethnographica Anatolica, 1996. 212 pp.
The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate
(latitude, 30 210N; longitude... more The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate (latitude, 30 210N; longitude, 31 140E; and elevation, 14 m), during 2015/2016 growing seasons to test model application of wheat under Egyptian conditions. A computer application program has been developed as Consumptive Use Program plus (CUP plus) as it is an application that can estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). The program uses daily and monthly measured weather data to estimate daily soil water balances for surfaces that account for evapotranspiration losses and water contributions from rainfall, seepage, and irrigation. Soil water-holding characteristics, effective rooting depths, and irrigation frequency were measured with rainfall and ETc data to calculate a daily water balance and determine rainfall and ETaw, which is equal to the seasonal cumulative ETc minus the effective rainfall. The main objective of this paper research is testing a mode for determining reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw), which provides an estimate of the net irrigation water diversion needed to produce a crop. The obtained results show that ETo arrives to the maximum in May by 188.19 mm/month, but ETaw arrives at the maximum in April by 110.71 mm/month. The application outputs and includes a wide range of tables and charts that are useful for irrigation planning and decision-making.
DRYING TECHNOLOGY, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2020
(2020): Phytochemicals, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant activity, relative expansion ratio, and... more (2020): Phytochemicals, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant activity, relative expansion ratio, and microstructure of dried okra pods: swell-drying by instant controlled pressure drop versus conventional shade drying, Drying Technology, ABSTRACT This study is aimed at comparing swell drying versus conventional shade drying and optimizing the texturing by instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) of green okra pods. Differences in quality attributes such as content of flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophyll pigments, functional characteristics such as the antioxidant activity (AOA), microstructure and relative expansion ratio of dried okra pods were considered. The DIC processing parameters were the saturated steam pressure (0.2-0.6 MPa) and duration (40-60 s). A 2-parameter, 5-level central composite rotatable design was selected for establishing the experimental trials. They represent 8 factorial and star trials, and five repetitions of central/middle point of the square edges. Significant variations in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, carote-noids, antioxidant activity, and chlorophyll pigments were observed between swell-dried and conventional shadow dried okra pods. An increase of 25% and 99% was respectively observed for the relative expansion ratio and flavonoid content in swell dried okra pods compared with conventional shadow dried ones. The microstructure observations showed a significantly more porous open solid matrix of swell-dried okra pods compared to the com-pact/dense solid matrix of the conventional shadow dried okra pods. The optimum conditions of DIC-texturing were found to be 0.4 MPa for 50 s exhibiting the highest values of total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and chlorophyll pigments with good preservation of the carotenoid content. ARTICLE HISTORY
The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate [Latitude: 30 o 21`N, Longitud... more The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate [Latitude: 30 o 21`N, Longitude: 31 o 14`E and Elevation: 14 m] during 2015/16 growing seasons to test model application of wheat under Egyptian conditions. A computer application program has been developed as Consumptive Use Program plus (CUP plus) as is an application, can estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). A monthly climate data, the program uses daily measured weather data to estimate daily soil water balances for surfaces that account for evapotranspiration losses and water contributions from rainfall, seepage, and irrigation. Soil water-holding characteristics, effective rooting depths, and irrigation frequency were measured with rainfall and ETc data to calculate a daily water balance and determine effective rainfall and ETaw, which is equal to the seasonal cumulative ETc minus the effective rainfall. The main objective of this paper research is testing a mode for determining reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw), which provides an estimate of the net irrigation water diversion needed to produce a crop. The obtained results show that ETo arrive to the maximum in May by 188.19 mm/month but ETaw arrive to the maximum in April by 110.71 mm/month. The application outputs a wide range of tables and charts that are useful for irrigation planning and decision making.
The Egyptian agriculture is facing water shortage problem, which will need to improve irrigation ... more The Egyptian agriculture is facing water shortage problem, which will need to improve irrigation techniques and to find out the possible ways for rationalize irrigation water. Water scarcity has become an increasing constraint to the economic development, particularly of agriculture which is the biggest water consumer, and unreliable water services are prompting people to migrate in search of better opportunities. Agriculture in Egypt is receiving the biggest share of developed water supply; amounting to nearly 85% of the available water resources. The policy of Egypt is to fill the gap in food production, through vertical expansion of the irrigated areas, and the horizontal expansion in new reclaimed lands. Since about 97% of Egypt's water comes from outside Egypt, this requires very effective and serious action programs to reduce water losses and increase water use efficiency and crop water productivity. Finding new efficient ways to improve the matching between water supply and demand is a crucial for dealing with water scarcity, especially in the face of rapid population growth and negative impacts of climate change. The California Department of Water Resources and the University of California has developed a weather generator application program " SIMETAW " to simulate weather data from climatic records and to estimate reference evapotranspiration and crop evapotranspiration with the simulated data. The SIMETAW (Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water) application program is being used by the State of California to estimate the demand for irrigation water to improve water resources management. It has the potential to greatly improve our knowledge about the demand for water and how to efficiently manage the supply and distribution of water. Information on water demand is also needed to efficiently manage water supply and delivery in the Nile Delta of Egypt.
— Solar thermal systems that produce potable water from salty water have been studied for quite s... more — Solar thermal systems that produce potable water from salty water have been studied for quite some years, and the use of solar energy to produce potable water was known in ancient Egypt. Water distillation by using Solar still is provided with a cascade mesh material welded with on absorber sheet is designed and tested in the present investigation. The mesh material acts as a wick material on the absorbing surface to improve the productivity of the distilled water. In this study the effect of the type of the mesh material, the ambient temperature, the wind speed, cooling water flow rate over the glass cover and the flow rate of the feed salt water on the productivity of fresh water are investigated. The study indicated that the still provided with mesh material gives 17% more in the daily productivity than the conventional still. This improvement occurs with flow rate of feed salt water of 0.50 l/s, cooling water flow rate of 0.1 l/s over the glass cover and air gap constant of 40 mm.
The ASCE-EWRI recently published a report on the estimation of reference evapotranspiration for s... more The ASCE-EWRI recently published a report on the estimation of reference evapotranspiration for short canopies (ET o) and tall canopies (ET r) using a modified Penman-Monteith equation. Currently, another EWRI committee is developing crop coefficient (K c) values to estimate crop evapotranspiration by multiplying by either ET o or ET r. Most crop coefficients were developed using either ET o or ET r , and, because the relationship between ET o and ET r varies with microclimate, it is difficult to convert crop coefficients from one reference surface to the other. In this paper, a simple method to convert between ET o and ET r and between the corresponding Kco and Kcr factors is discussed.
The experiment was performed under greenhouse condition. Six chickpea varieties were surveyed to ... more The experiment was performed under greenhouse condition. Six chickpea varieties were surveyed to cultivate in cylindrical plastic drainable lysimeters and subjected to four water salinity levels (fresh water as control, water of 3, 6 and 9 dS/m). The work was divided into two parts, the first, is the germination part, to identify the proper salt concentration level which leads to a high germination percentage and to elucidate the possible impact of the salt concentration level on some chickpea varieties growing parameters. The second one is to classify the salt tolerance degree of the surveyed varieties. Several plant parameters were measured and analyzed: growth parameters, grain yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of chickpea varieties. The most important results obtained: For all the varieties under study, water of salt concentration level up to 6 dS/m can be used safely for seed germination, without any negative effect on germination. Chickpea varieties ICCV2 and ILC482 should be recommended for growing under saline irrigation practices. The grain yield values for both varieties were (2.7 and 2.6 ton/feddan) and the Water Use Efficiency also showed satisfactory performance with values of (2 and 1.9 kg/m 3) respectively. The volume of irrigation water gradually decreased with the gradual increments in the EC of the irrigation water. The individual varieties have obtained variable values under each of the irrigation water salinity level. The water consumptive use under fresh water for all varieties, with an average value of 1.26, 2.65 and 4.70 times greater than under irrigation with waters of EC values 3, 6 and 9 dS/m respectively.
TWO INDIAN TRAVELLERS: EAST AFRICA 1902–1906. Edited by Cynthia Salvadori with Judy Aldrick. Momb... more TWO INDIAN TRAVELLERS: EAST AFRICA 1902–1906. Edited by Cynthia Salvadori with Judy Aldrick. Mombasa, Friends of Fort Jesus, 1997. x + 242 pp. K. Shs 900.00 (pb).THE HERITAGE OF OMAN; A CELEBRATION IN PHOTOGRAPHS. By Pauline Sheldon (with photographs by Ozzie Newcombe). Reading, Garnet Publishing Limited, 1995. 160 pp. £30.00COMRADES AND ENEMIES. ARAB AND JEWISH WORKERS IN PALESTINE, 1906–1948. By Zachary Lockman. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1996. xvi + 440 pp., one map. £48.00 (cloth), £19.95 (pb).PAN‐TURKISM. FROM IRREDENTISM TO COOPERATION. By Jacob M. Landau. London, Hurst, 1995. 275 pp. £14.95.THE HORN OF AFRICA: POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. By Peter Woodward. (International Library of African Studies, 6.) London, I. B. Tauris, 1996. ix + 226 pp., one map. £39.50.POLITICS AND ISLAM IN CONTEMPORARY SUDAN. By Abdel Salam Sidahmed. Richmond, Curzon Press, 1997. xiv + 249 pp., £40.00SYRIA AND IRAN: MIDDLE POWERS IN A PENETRATED REGIONAL SYSTEM. By Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Raymond A. Hinnebusch. London and New York, Routledge, 1997. ix + 238 pp., £40.00WARS, INTERNAL CONFLICTS AND POLITICAL ORDER: A JEWISH DEMOCRACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST. (SUNY series in Israel Studies) By Gad Barzilai. New York, SUNY Press, 1996. 301 pp.OIL AND ISLAM, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES. By Oystein Noreng. (The PETRO Research Series in Petroleum Economics and Politics, Research Council of Norway.) Chichester, John Wiley, 1997. 342 pp.DER WEG DER ALEVITEN (BEKTASCHITEN): MENSCHENLIEBER, TOLERANZ, FRIEDEN UND FREUNDSCHAFT. By Ali Duran Gülçiçk. Cologne, Ethnographica Anatolica, 1996. 229 pp. 15DM.THE DECLINE OF EASTERN CHRISTIANITY UNDER ISLAM, FROM JIHAD TO DHIMMITUDE. By Bat Ye'or. London, Associated University Presses, 1996. 522 pp., illustrations.ISLAM AND HUMAN IDEOLOGY. By Samih Atef El‐Zein. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes by Elsayed M. H. Omran. Preparation and Presentation by Nabih Sidani and Issam Ghandour. London, Kegan Paul International, 1996. xxv + 375 pp. £45.ISLAMIC LEGAL INTERPRETATION: MUFTIS AND THEIR FATWAS. Edited by M. K. Masud, B. Messick and D. Powers. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1996. 431 pp.SUHRAWARDI AND THE SCHOOL OF ILLUMINATION. By Mehdi Amin Razavi. (Curzon Sufi Series.) Richmond, Curzon Press, 1997. 192 pp., £35 (hb), £14.99 (pb).RUZBIHAN BAQLI: MYSTICISM AND THE RHETORIC OF SAINTHOOD IN PERSIAN SUFISM. By Carl W. Ernst. Richmond, Curzon Press, 1996. xxvi + 181 pp., two charts, two appendices, indexes and glossary. £12.99 (pb).ARABISCHE PRIVATBRIEFE DES 9. BIS 15. JAHRHUNDERTS AUS DER ÖSTERREICHISCHEN NATIONALBIBLIOTHEK IN WIEN. By Werner Diem. (Documenta Arabica Antiqua 2.) Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 1996. 288 pp. (Textband), 52 plates (Tafelband). 178 DM.ARABISCHE AMTLICHE BRIEFE DES 10. BIS 16. JAHRHUNDERTS AUS DER ÖSTERREICHISCHEN NATIONALBIBLIOTHEK IN WIEN. By Werner Diem. (Documenta Arabica Antiqua 3.) Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 1996. 411 pp. (Textband), 80 plates (Tafelband). 192 DM.99 BEEKASHI‐WITZE/BEKTAŞİ FIKRASI: Deutsch‐Türkisch. By Ali Duran Gülçiçek and Rüdiger Benninghaus. Cologne, Ethnographica Anatolica, 1996. 212 pp.
The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate
(latitude, 30 210N; longitude... more The experiments were carried out at Moshtohor, Kalubia governorate (latitude, 30 210N; longitude, 31 140E; and elevation, 14 m), during 2015/2016 growing seasons to test model application of wheat under Egyptian conditions. A computer application program has been developed as Consumptive Use Program plus (CUP plus) as it is an application that can estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). The program uses daily and monthly measured weather data to estimate daily soil water balances for surfaces that account for evapotranspiration losses and water contributions from rainfall, seepage, and irrigation. Soil water-holding characteristics, effective rooting depths, and irrigation frequency were measured with rainfall and ETc data to calculate a daily water balance and determine rainfall and ETaw, which is equal to the seasonal cumulative ETc minus the effective rainfall. The main objective of this paper research is testing a mode for determining reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw), which provides an estimate of the net irrigation water diversion needed to produce a crop. The obtained results show that ETo arrives to the maximum in May by 188.19 mm/month, but ETaw arrives at the maximum in April by 110.71 mm/month. The application outputs and includes a wide range of tables and charts that are useful for irrigation planning and decision-making.
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Papers by Atef Ghandour
Books by Atef Ghandour
(latitude, 30 210N; longitude, 31 140E; and elevation, 14 m), during 2015/2016
growing seasons to test model application of wheat under Egyptian conditions. A
computer application program has been developed as Consumptive Use Program
plus (CUP plus) as it is an application that can estimate crop evapotranspiration
(ETc) and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). The program uses daily and monthly measured weather data to estimate daily soil water balances for surfaces that
account for evapotranspiration losses and water contributions from rainfall, seepage,
and irrigation. Soil water-holding characteristics, effective rooting depths, and
irrigation frequency were measured with rainfall and ETc data to calculate a daily
water balance and determine rainfall and ETaw, which is equal to the seasonal
cumulative ETc minus the effective rainfall. The main objective of this paper
research is testing a mode for determining reference evapotranspiration (ETo),
crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and evapotranspiration
of applied water (ETaw), which provides an estimate of the net irrigation water
diversion needed to produce a crop. The obtained results show that ETo arrives to the
maximum in May by 188.19 mm/month, but ETaw arrives at the maximum in April
by 110.71 mm/month. The application outputs and includes a wide range of tables
and charts that are useful for irrigation planning and decision-making.
(latitude, 30 210N; longitude, 31 140E; and elevation, 14 m), during 2015/2016
growing seasons to test model application of wheat under Egyptian conditions. A
computer application program has been developed as Consumptive Use Program
plus (CUP plus) as it is an application that can estimate crop evapotranspiration
(ETc) and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). The program uses daily and monthly measured weather data to estimate daily soil water balances for surfaces that
account for evapotranspiration losses and water contributions from rainfall, seepage,
and irrigation. Soil water-holding characteristics, effective rooting depths, and
irrigation frequency were measured with rainfall and ETc data to calculate a daily
water balance and determine rainfall and ETaw, which is equal to the seasonal
cumulative ETc minus the effective rainfall. The main objective of this paper
research is testing a mode for determining reference evapotranspiration (ETo),
crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and evapotranspiration
of applied water (ETaw), which provides an estimate of the net irrigation water
diversion needed to produce a crop. The obtained results show that ETo arrives to the
maximum in May by 188.19 mm/month, but ETaw arrives at the maximum in April
by 110.71 mm/month. The application outputs and includes a wide range of tables
and charts that are useful for irrigation planning and decision-making.