IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) displays high genetic diversity, characterized by regional va... more IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) displays high genetic diversity, characterized by regional variations in the prevalence of genotype posing challenges to the development of vaccines and definitive treatment. Very few reports exist on the distribution and frequency change of HCV genotypes in India. In the present retrospective study, we aimed to understand the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes and viral load among HCV-infected patients attending the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India, a tertiary care hospital.MethodsPatients referred to the Hepatology Department from January 2009 to December 2015 were screened for this study. Eight hundred and sixty-two chronic HCV patients were included in this study. Genotyping was performed using type-specific probe-based hybridization assay and viral load was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOut of 862 patients, genotype 1 was detected predominantly in 392 (45.5%), followed by genotype 3 in 344 (39.9%) patients; genotypes 4, 6, and 2 were detected in 115 (13.3%), 8 (0.9%), and 3 (0.3%) patients, respectively. The number of patients having genotype 1 increased in frequency while genotype 3 became less from the year 2009 to 2015. Patients having genotype 1 had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher viral load compared with the patients infected with other genotypes.ConclusionOur study results demonstrate a change in HCV genotypic distribution pattern from genotypes 3 to 1 during the span of 7 years in patients referred to our hospital. In the light of the reported difference in the pathogenic potential of various HCV genotypes, detection of HCV genotype appears to be still essential for better patient management.
Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and interferon gamma indu... more Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10), both chemokines are chemotactic for immunocompetent cells and play an important role in cell mediated antiviral defense. The objective of this work was to assess the expression pattern of RANTES and IP-10 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients having various
Regular Paper Gene expression; Hepatitis B virus; cIAP2; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells. KEYW... more Regular Paper Gene expression; Hepatitis B virus; cIAP2; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells. KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Members of cellular inhibitor of apoptotic protein family (cIAP) plays cru-cial role in regulating cellular apoptosis. Overexpression of cIAP2gene has been implicated in promoting hepatitis B virus (HBV) mediated hepatocel-lular carcinoma (HCC). cIAP2 has also been shown to inhibit HBV replica-tion by in vitro studies. Since the expression status of cIAP2 has not been studied in HBV infected cells from patients, we tried to evaluate the same in peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells of HBV infected subjects. A total of 42 HBV infected subjects were clarified for their status of infec-tion by biochemical,serological and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Total RNA obtained from isolated PBMCs were subjected to reverse transcription PCR for amplification of cIAP2 mRNA. HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)was also evaluated as a marker of intracellular viral replication. PBMC...
Autophagy is a crucial catabolic process by which cells remove long-lived proteins and damaged or... more Autophagy is a crucial catabolic process by which cells remove long-lived proteins and damaged organelles for recycling. Viral infections may also induce autophagic response. Members of autophagy related genes (Atgs) play active role in regulation of autophagic machinery. Atg5 gene is a prominent candidate responsible for initiation of autophagic process through the formation of autophagosome. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been shown to induce autophagy in experimental conditions. Since the expression status of Atg5 has not been elucidated in HBV infected cells from patients, we studied the same in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HBV infected subjects. Forty two HBV infected subjects were appraised for their status of infection by biochemical, serological and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. PBMC derived total RNA were subjected to reverse transcription PCR for amplification of Atg5 mRNA. HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was also assessed as a marker of intrace...
A model of hepatic amoebiasis in two inbred strains of mouse (Swiss and BALB/c, has been develope... more A model of hepatic amoebiasis in two inbred strains of mouse (Swiss and BALB/c, has been developed by introducing Entamoeba histolytica-infected hamster liver tissue in between the adjacent liver lobes of mouse. It is expected that this model might be useful in studying various parameters of host-parasitic interactions and experimental chemotherapy of amoebiasis with relative ease.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
1. The zymodeme and virulence of 31 Entamoeba histolytica isolates obtained from asymptomatic hum... more 1. The zymodeme and virulence of 31 Entamoeba histolytica isolates obtained from asymptomatic human subjects in Calcutta, India are described. 2. Virulence was measured by the extent of lesion diameter (mm) induced by each isolate in the liver of golden hamsters and resistance of isolates to non-immune hamster sera in vitro. 3. Two nonpathogenic zymodemes, III (N = 17) and IV (N = 14), were detected among 31 isolates by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Most of the zymodeme III isolates were moderately to highly virulent while a quarter of the zymodeme IV were invasive although with low virulence. 4. The virulence of the isolates was found to have a significant positive correlation (r = 0.96, P < 0.001) with their greater resistance to complement-mediated lysis. 5. The data suggest that the virulence of E. histolytica is probably not related to its zymodeme.
IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) displays high genetic diversity, characterized by regional va... more IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) displays high genetic diversity, characterized by regional variations in the prevalence of genotype posing challenges to the development of vaccines and definitive treatment. Very few reports exist on the distribution and frequency change of HCV genotypes in India. In the present retrospective study, we aimed to understand the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes and viral load among HCV-infected patients attending the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India, a tertiary care hospital.MethodsPatients referred to the Hepatology Department from January 2009 to December 2015 were screened for this study. Eight hundred and sixty-two chronic HCV patients were included in this study. Genotyping was performed using type-specific probe-based hybridization assay and viral load was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOut of 862 patients, genotype 1 was detected predominantly in 392 (45.5%), followed by genotype 3 in 344 (39.9%) patients; genotypes 4, 6, and 2 were detected in 115 (13.3%), 8 (0.9%), and 3 (0.3%) patients, respectively. The number of patients having genotype 1 increased in frequency while genotype 3 became less from the year 2009 to 2015. Patients having genotype 1 had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher viral load compared with the patients infected with other genotypes.ConclusionOur study results demonstrate a change in HCV genotypic distribution pattern from genotypes 3 to 1 during the span of 7 years in patients referred to our hospital. In the light of the reported difference in the pathogenic potential of various HCV genotypes, detection of HCV genotype appears to be still essential for better patient management.
Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and interferon gamma indu... more Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10), both chemokines are chemotactic for immunocompetent cells and play an important role in cell mediated antiviral defense. The objective of this work was to assess the expression pattern of RANTES and IP-10 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients having various
Regular Paper Gene expression; Hepatitis B virus; cIAP2; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells. KEYW... more Regular Paper Gene expression; Hepatitis B virus; cIAP2; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells. KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Members of cellular inhibitor of apoptotic protein family (cIAP) plays cru-cial role in regulating cellular apoptosis. Overexpression of cIAP2gene has been implicated in promoting hepatitis B virus (HBV) mediated hepatocel-lular carcinoma (HCC). cIAP2 has also been shown to inhibit HBV replica-tion by in vitro studies. Since the expression status of cIAP2 has not been studied in HBV infected cells from patients, we tried to evaluate the same in peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells of HBV infected subjects. A total of 42 HBV infected subjects were clarified for their status of infec-tion by biochemical,serological and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Total RNA obtained from isolated PBMCs were subjected to reverse transcription PCR for amplification of cIAP2 mRNA. HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA)was also evaluated as a marker of intracellular viral replication. PBMC...
Autophagy is a crucial catabolic process by which cells remove long-lived proteins and damaged or... more Autophagy is a crucial catabolic process by which cells remove long-lived proteins and damaged organelles for recycling. Viral infections may also induce autophagic response. Members of autophagy related genes (Atgs) play active role in regulation of autophagic machinery. Atg5 gene is a prominent candidate responsible for initiation of autophagic process through the formation of autophagosome. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been shown to induce autophagy in experimental conditions. Since the expression status of Atg5 has not been elucidated in HBV infected cells from patients, we studied the same in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HBV infected subjects. Forty two HBV infected subjects were appraised for their status of infection by biochemical, serological and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. PBMC derived total RNA were subjected to reverse transcription PCR for amplification of Atg5 mRNA. HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was also assessed as a marker of intrace...
A model of hepatic amoebiasis in two inbred strains of mouse (Swiss and BALB/c, has been develope... more A model of hepatic amoebiasis in two inbred strains of mouse (Swiss and BALB/c, has been developed by introducing Entamoeba histolytica-infected hamster liver tissue in between the adjacent liver lobes of mouse. It is expected that this model might be useful in studying various parameters of host-parasitic interactions and experimental chemotherapy of amoebiasis with relative ease.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
1. The zymodeme and virulence of 31 Entamoeba histolytica isolates obtained from asymptomatic hum... more 1. The zymodeme and virulence of 31 Entamoeba histolytica isolates obtained from asymptomatic human subjects in Calcutta, India are described. 2. Virulence was measured by the extent of lesion diameter (mm) induced by each isolate in the liver of golden hamsters and resistance of isolates to non-immune hamster sera in vitro. 3. Two nonpathogenic zymodemes, III (N = 17) and IV (N = 14), were detected among 31 isolates by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Most of the zymodeme III isolates were moderately to highly virulent while a quarter of the zymodeme IV were invasive although with low virulence. 4. The virulence of the isolates was found to have a significant positive correlation (r = 0.96, P < 0.001) with their greater resistance to complement-mediated lysis. 5. The data suggest that the virulence of E. histolytica is probably not related to its zymodeme.
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Papers by Rathindra Mukherjee