An eco-friendly electron beam irradiation (EBI) technology was used to assess the effect of EBI o... more An eco-friendly electron beam irradiation (EBI) technology was used to assess the effect of EBI on the different development stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). No adults emerged after 3-d-old eggs of C. maculatus were irradiated with 304.8 Gy of EBI, and no adults emerged from the F1 generation of larvae and pupae irradiated with 103.6 Gy. The adult stage of C. maculatus was the most tolerant of EBI, with a high dose (414.3 Gy) irradiation of the adult stage resulting in complete prevention of the F1 generation adult emergence. Large-scale tests confirmed that 414.3 Gy was an effective dose for the phytosanitary and security treatment for C. maculatus. An EBI dose of 414.3 Gy prevented B. zonata egg hatching. EBI doses of 304.8, 414.3, and 653.5 Gy prevented the development of first, second, and third larval instars to pupation, respectively. Using the criterion of adult emergence from the F1 generation, targeting the third larval stage, consid...
Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of ozone (O3) technology as a manag... more Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of ozone (O3) technology as a management tool against larvae of Ephestia cautella, Plodia interpunctella, Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum. In addition, some biochemical changes and ultrastructural alterations in the above-mentioned larvae were studied. Larval mortality of the four species increased as concentration and exposure periods increased. Complete mortality was observed after 8 h. The LT50ā99 values of ozone gas against the larvae decreased as concentration increased. Caterpillars were more sensitive to O3 than grubs. Data also showed that the effective effect of ozonation towards the four larval species indicated that not all insects had the same sensitivity to ozone gas. There was a significant increase in super oxide dismutase (SOD) levels in E. cautella and T. castaneum subjected to LT50 of ozone. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in nitric oxide concentration in both larvae after LT50 of ozone exposure. Ozone-treated larvae suffered from heterogeneous muscles with degenerated nuclei. The neurosecretory cells were found with accumulated neurosecretory materials. The neuropil glia appeared loose and vacuolated. Antenna appeared with loose sinus, and there were no artery nor trachea found. The mushroom body of brain calyces appeared with distributed Kenyon cells. The cuticular layer was degenerated. The tracheae were collapsed. Thus, ozone gas may be used as a clean and safe agent to fight these pests.
Susceptibility of fourth-instar larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts to gas mixtures containing ... more Susceptibility of fourth-instar larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts to gas mixtures containing CO2 at concentrations of 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 90 % and phosphine (PH3) at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.062 mg/l was determined. The toxicity of 30 % CO2 combined with an LC50 of PH3 was tested against the same instar, and the side effects on wheat grain quality and germination were also evaluated after 4 days. Complete mortality was observed only at 70 % and 90 % CO2 after 15 and 7 days, respectively. At the two other CO2 concentrations, 30 % and 50 %, the maximum recorded mortalities at the end of the experiment (15 days) were 73.3 % and 95.0 %, respectively. The calculated LT50 values were 11.62, 8.69, 6.84, and 2.28 days at 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 90 % CO2, respectively. Larvae treated with PH3 showed different mortality percentages ranging from 98.3 % at 1.0 mg/l to 24.6 % at 0.062 mg/l, while the calculated LC50 was 0.12 mg/l. The combination of 30 % CO2 and an LC50 of PH3 resulted in 100 % mortality after 4 days of treatment, in comparison with 1.2 % mortality in the control. The moisture content, total protein, and carbohydrate of treated wheat grains under this combination was significantly decreased in comparison with the control. It appears that the combination of CO2 and PH3 can reduce the necessary time to control T. granarium larvae and the minimum residue of PH3.
Irradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues i... more Irradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues in the product. It is increasingly used as an alternative to methyl bromide and other chemical fumigants for disinfestation of insect pest in stored grains. In this research, we try to evaluate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 50ā1200 Gy on the different stages of Callosobruchus maculatus. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs at 450 Gy. No emerging adults (F1 generation) have been shown when larvae or pupae were exposed to 650 Gy. Also, no emerging adult has been shown from the parental C. maculatus adults irradiated with 650 Gy. When suppression of F1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 650 Gy was required for disinfestation of cowpea seed weevils. The irradiation dose level of 650 Gy was used for the large-scale confirmatory tests applied to 27,754 adults of C. maculatus in cowpea ...
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2020
Irradiation is a quarantine treatment option for stored product pests. In the present studies, we... more Irradiation is a quarantine treatment option for stored product pests. In the present studies, we try to investigate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 20ā300Ā Gy on the different developmental stages of Rhyzopertha dominica in wheat grains. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs, larvae, and pupae at 140, 240, and 260Ā Gy, respectively. Treatment of adult weevils at the radiation dose of 180Ā Gy resulted in 71.33% mortality after 14Ā days post-treatment and there was no adult emergence in the F 1 generation. When the adult emergence of the F 1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 280Ā Gy was required for quarantine security of wheat weevils. The comet assay serves to verify the DNA damage induced by the phytosanitary irradiation dose, 280Ā Gy on the R. dominica, and wheat grains. DNA damage was measured as the percentage of comet tail DNA. A significant linear increase in DNA damage was observed in the irradiated adult stage of R. dominica but there is no DNA damage in the wheat grains. Also, the wheat grains viability (in terms of wheat germination) was not affected by the dose level, 280Ā Gy. Thus, an irradiation dose of 280Ā Gy is recommended as an effective phytosanitary irradiation dose for quarantine security to control lesser grain borer.
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Acad... more The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
Chemicals are widely used to kill pests in stored grain even though these affect the environment ... more Chemicals are widely used to kill pests in stored grain even though these affect the environment and the consumers, which make it necessary to seek safer methods of pest management. As an alternative for traditional chemical methods, microwave radiations are used to kill insects and mites infest stored grains.
An eco-friendly electron beam irradiation (EBI) technology was used to assess the effect of EBI o... more An eco-friendly electron beam irradiation (EBI) technology was used to assess the effect of EBI on the different development stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). No adults emerged after 3-d-old eggs of C. maculatus were irradiated with 304.8 Gy of EBI, and no adults emerged from the F1 generation of larvae and pupae irradiated with 103.6 Gy. The adult stage of C. maculatus was the most tolerant of EBI, with a high dose (414.3 Gy) irradiation of the adult stage resulting in complete prevention of the F1 generation adult emergence. Large-scale tests confirmed that 414.3 Gy was an effective dose for the phytosanitary and security treatment for C. maculatus. An EBI dose of 414.3 Gy prevented B. zonata egg hatching. EBI doses of 304.8, 414.3, and 653.5 Gy prevented the development of first, second, and third larval instars to pupation, respectively. Using the criterion of adult emergence from the F1 generation, targeting the third larval stage, consid...
Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of ozone (O3) technology as a manag... more Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of ozone (O3) technology as a management tool against larvae of Ephestia cautella, Plodia interpunctella, Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum. In addition, some biochemical changes and ultrastructural alterations in the above-mentioned larvae were studied. Larval mortality of the four species increased as concentration and exposure periods increased. Complete mortality was observed after 8 h. The LT50ā99 values of ozone gas against the larvae decreased as concentration increased. Caterpillars were more sensitive to O3 than grubs. Data also showed that the effective effect of ozonation towards the four larval species indicated that not all insects had the same sensitivity to ozone gas. There was a significant increase in super oxide dismutase (SOD) levels in E. cautella and T. castaneum subjected to LT50 of ozone. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in nitric oxide concentration in both larvae after LT50 of ozone exposure. Ozone-treated larvae suffered from heterogeneous muscles with degenerated nuclei. The neurosecretory cells were found with accumulated neurosecretory materials. The neuropil glia appeared loose and vacuolated. Antenna appeared with loose sinus, and there were no artery nor trachea found. The mushroom body of brain calyces appeared with distributed Kenyon cells. The cuticular layer was degenerated. The tracheae were collapsed. Thus, ozone gas may be used as a clean and safe agent to fight these pests.
Susceptibility of fourth-instar larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts to gas mixtures containing ... more Susceptibility of fourth-instar larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts to gas mixtures containing CO2 at concentrations of 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 90 % and phosphine (PH3) at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.062 mg/l was determined. The toxicity of 30 % CO2 combined with an LC50 of PH3 was tested against the same instar, and the side effects on wheat grain quality and germination were also evaluated after 4 days. Complete mortality was observed only at 70 % and 90 % CO2 after 15 and 7 days, respectively. At the two other CO2 concentrations, 30 % and 50 %, the maximum recorded mortalities at the end of the experiment (15 days) were 73.3 % and 95.0 %, respectively. The calculated LT50 values were 11.62, 8.69, 6.84, and 2.28 days at 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 90 % CO2, respectively. Larvae treated with PH3 showed different mortality percentages ranging from 98.3 % at 1.0 mg/l to 24.6 % at 0.062 mg/l, while the calculated LC50 was 0.12 mg/l. The combination of 30 % CO2 and an LC50 of PH3 resulted in 100 % mortality after 4 days of treatment, in comparison with 1.2 % mortality in the control. The moisture content, total protein, and carbohydrate of treated wheat grains under this combination was significantly decreased in comparison with the control. It appears that the combination of CO2 and PH3 can reduce the necessary time to control T. granarium larvae and the minimum residue of PH3.
Irradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues i... more Irradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues in the product. It is increasingly used as an alternative to methyl bromide and other chemical fumigants for disinfestation of insect pest in stored grains. In this research, we try to evaluate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 50ā1200 Gy on the different stages of Callosobruchus maculatus. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs at 450 Gy. No emerging adults (F1 generation) have been shown when larvae or pupae were exposed to 650 Gy. Also, no emerging adult has been shown from the parental C. maculatus adults irradiated with 650 Gy. When suppression of F1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 650 Gy was required for disinfestation of cowpea seed weevils. The irradiation dose level of 650 Gy was used for the large-scale confirmatory tests applied to 27,754 adults of C. maculatus in cowpea ...
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2020
Irradiation is a quarantine treatment option for stored product pests. In the present studies, we... more Irradiation is a quarantine treatment option for stored product pests. In the present studies, we try to investigate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 20ā300Ā Gy on the different developmental stages of Rhyzopertha dominica in wheat grains. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs, larvae, and pupae at 140, 240, and 260Ā Gy, respectively. Treatment of adult weevils at the radiation dose of 180Ā Gy resulted in 71.33% mortality after 14Ā days post-treatment and there was no adult emergence in the F 1 generation. When the adult emergence of the F 1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 280Ā Gy was required for quarantine security of wheat weevils. The comet assay serves to verify the DNA damage induced by the phytosanitary irradiation dose, 280Ā Gy on the R. dominica, and wheat grains. DNA damage was measured as the percentage of comet tail DNA. A significant linear increase in DNA damage was observed in the irradiated adult stage of R. dominica but there is no DNA damage in the wheat grains. Also, the wheat grains viability (in terms of wheat germination) was not affected by the dose level, 280Ā Gy. Thus, an irradiation dose of 280Ā Gy is recommended as an effective phytosanitary irradiation dose for quarantine security to control lesser grain borer.
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Acad... more The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
Chemicals are widely used to kill pests in stored grain even though these affect the environment ... more Chemicals are widely used to kill pests in stored grain even though these affect the environment and the consumers, which make it necessary to seek safer methods of pest management. As an alternative for traditional chemical methods, microwave radiations are used to kill insects and mites infest stored grains.
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Papers by Rasha A . Zinhoum