Editorial on the Research Topic Natural phytochemicals to enhance animal productivity and health ... more Editorial on the Research Topic Natural phytochemicals to enhance animal productivity and health status with low greenhouse gas emissions
A synbiotic composed of alginate nanoencapsulated prebiotic (pomegranate peel phytogenics) and mu... more A synbiotic composed of alginate nanoencapsulated prebiotic (pomegranate peel phytogenics) and multi-species probiotics (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been developed as a potential eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics. The physicochemical properties of the encapsulated synbiotic were evaluated, and its gastric and storage tolerance, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, were tested and compared to that of the non-encapsulated synbiotic (free synbiotic). The results showed that the prebiotic pomegranate peel ethanolic extract contained seven phenolic compounds, with cinnamic being the most abundant (13.26 µL/mL). Sodium alginate-CaCl2 nanocapsules were effective in encapsulating 84.06 ± 1.5% of the prebiotic’s phenolic compounds and 98.85 ± 0.57% of the probiotics. The particle size of the alginate-CaCl2 nanoencapsulated synbiotic was 544.5 nm, and the polydispersity index and zeta potential...
This study assessed the effects of the kernel extracts of apricot (AKE; Prunus armeniaca) and pea... more This study assessed the effects of the kernel extracts of apricot (AKE; Prunus armeniaca) and peach (PKE; Prunus pérsica), and their mixture (Mix) on growth efficiency, feed utilization, cecum activity, and health status, of growing rabbits. Weaned male New Zealand White rabbits at six weeks old [n = 84, 736 ± 24 SE g body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to four dietary groups. The first group received no feed additives (control), the second and third groups received 0.3 mL/kg BW of AKE and PKE, respectively, and the fourth group received a mixture of AKE and PKE (1:1) at 0.3 mL/kg BW (Mix). Results indicated that 2(3h)-Furanone, 5-Heptyldihydro was found in abundance in both extracts, while 1,1-Dimethyl-2 Phenylethy L Butyrate and 1,3-Dioxolane, and 4-Methyl-2-Phenyl- were the most components detected in AKE and Cyclohexanol and 10-Methylundecan-4-olide were found in abundance in PKE. All the experimental extracts enhanced (p < 0.05) the growth performance, cecal fermentatio...
This study aims to provide possible utilization of sunflower head byproduct (SFH) as a feedstuff ... more This study aims to provide possible utilization of sunflower head byproduct (SFH) as a feedstuff by implementing chemical pretreatments (4% sodium hydroxide (SFHNaOH) or 4% urea (SFHurea) and supplementation with either exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) or functional feed additive (FFA). The experimental EFE was a complex (1:1, v/v) of two enzyme products with high activity of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase and applied at 0 (SFHout), 1, 2, 5, and 10 µL/ gdry matter, while FFA was a fermentation byproduct rich in cellulase and xylanase activities, applied at 0 (SFHout), 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/g DM. SFHurea had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content compared to other SFH substrates. Linear enhancements (p < 0.05) in kinetics of gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations were observed for all SFH substrates supplemented with EFE. The SFHout had the highest (p &...
Background Montmorillonite clay modified by organosulfur surfactants possesses high cation exchan... more Background Montmorillonite clay modified by organosulfur surfactants possesses high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and adsorption capacity than their unmodified form (UM), therefore they may elevate the adverse impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. Chemical and mechanical modifications were used to innovate the organically modified nano montmorillonite (MNM). The UM was modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and grounded to obtain the nanoscale particle size form. The dose-response effects of the MNM supplementation to a basal diet contaminated or not with AFB1 (20 ppb) were evaluated in vitro using the gas production (GP) system. The following treatments were tested: control (basal diet without supplementations), UM diet [UM supplemented at 5000 mg /kg dry matter (DM)], and MNM diets at low (500 mg/ kg DM) and high doses (1000 mg/ kg DM). Results Results of the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy analysis showed shifts of bands of the O...
Two fibrolytic enzyme products (cellulase and xylanase) were applied at 7.5 or 0.46 enzymatic uni... more Two fibrolytic enzyme products (cellulase and xylanase) were applied at 7.5 or 0.46 enzymatic units/500 mg DM substrate, respectively to common Brazilian forage pasture grass species: Aruana (Panicum maximum), Napier (Pennisetum purpureum), Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), Buffel (Pennisetum ciliare), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and sugarcane bagasse. The forages were then incubated in an in vitro semi-automatic gas production (GP) system for 24 and 48 h. Cellulase addition enhanced (P<0.05) GP, the amount of degraded neutral detergent fiber (DNDF), and propionate and butyrate production during 24 h compared with no addition, whereas xylanase product had only minor effects on nutrient degradation. None of the enzymatic treatments affected methane (CH4) at the two incubation times. Aruana and Napier had the highest hemicellulose and protein contents, caused the lowest CH4 production (P<0.01) and increased (P<0.05) GP, DNDF and CH4 at 24 h when treated with cellulase ...
Context Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain with low tannin content may be suitable as an... more Context Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain with low tannin content may be suitable as an alternative to maize (Zea mays L.) grain in ruminant diets in terms of input costs and drought tolerance, and effects on growth performance and mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions. Aims The study aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution of maize with sorghum grain at different rates on ruminal microbial protein synthesis, CH4 formation and liveweight gain in growing ruminants. Methods Twenty-five Santa Inês lambs (bodyweight 19.0 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly divided into five dietary treatments. Control diet components (on a dry matter basis) were Tifton-85 hay (400 g/kg), maize (405 g/kg), soybean meal (165 g/kg) and commercial mineral supplement (30 g/kg). Sorghum diets comprised the basal diet with the maize grain proportionately substituted with sorghum grain at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (diets S25–S100). Lamb feed intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance,...
This experiment was carried out to establish the response of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 ... more This experiment was carried out to establish the response of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 μl/75 mL) of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil supplemented to (50:50) forage: concentrate diet for gas production (GP), methanogenic potential, ruminal fermentation parameters and degradability using semi-automatic system for GP in 24h incubation. Monensin was used as positive control. The results showed that moderate levels of the patchouli supplementations have not significant differences in the gas production, methane production or pH compared with the basal control diet but tended (P=0.3493) to increase the truly degraded organic matter (TDOM), whereas monensin decrease (P<0.05) the gas production and methane production significantly and there was no effect (P>0.05) on TDOM compared with the basal control diet. A similarity reduction (P<0.05) in ammonia concentrations and protozoa count was observed with all levels of the patchouli essential oil supplementation an...
Tropentag 2011, October 5 - 7, Bonn, Germany "Development on the margin". Rumen Degrada... more Tropentag 2011, October 5 - 7, Bonn, Germany "Development on the margin". Rumen Degradation Characteristics and Tannin Biological Effects of Brazilian Tanniniferous Tropical Plants Based on in vitro Gas Production Technique. ...
ABSTRACT The substitution of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake was evaluated in vitro for gas a... more ABSTRACT The substitution of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake was evaluated in vitro for gas and methane production, using four adult cannulated Santa Inês wethers as inoculum donor, grazing tropical grass pasture (Brachiaria decumbens and Pennisetum purpureum) and supplemented with 30% grass hay and 70% concentrate containing increasing levels of substitution (0 %, 22 %, 44 % and 64 %) of Crambe cake. The gas production bottles were content substrate (500mg), inoculum (25mL) and nutrient solutions (50mL) and incubated for 24 hours .The pressure reading is made at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours of incubation. The results showed a decrease in total gas production in 24 hours (TGP 24h), total gas production expressed as dray matter (DM) (TGP mL / g DM), methane production in 24 hours (CH 4 24h) and methane production expressed as DM (CH 4 mL / g DM) without changing the in truly degradability of DM (TDDM) and truly degradability of organic matter (TDOM). The replacement of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake protein decreases significantly (P &amp;lt;0.05) gas and CH 4 production without negative effect on the degradability of DM and OM.
ABSTRACT Six rumen cannulated Santa Inês weathers grazing on tropical grass pasture and supplemen... more ABSTRACT Six rumen cannulated Santa Inês weathers grazing on tropical grass pasture and supplemented with ground corn and soybean were used as donors for ruminal inoculums to evaluate two types of propolis green (BGP) and alamo (BAP) collected from different locations in Brazil. These propolis were evaluated for their effect on rumen gas production (GP), methane production (CH4) and degradability in vitro using the semi automatic system of gas production. The crude propolis samples were extracted by ethanol 70%. Three doses of the green and alamo proplis at [0 (control), 125, 250, 500 µg/75 ml culture fluid] and monensin (MON) was used as positive control at (3 µM/75 ml of culture fluid) were supplemented to half gram of the experimental diet (Tifton hay plus concentrate) (50:50 w/w). The results of the current study showed that monensin, BGP250 μg and all levels of BAP presented a similar reduction on rumen methane production without negative effect on the rumen gas production and the truly degraded dry matter (TDDM) or truly degraded organic matter (TDOM) in vitro while when ranking the treatments for their CH4 inhibition, MON was the highest value (43.8%) followed by BAP125 and BAP250 (22.4 and 18.2%) respectively. These results suggested that propolis may be promising methane mitigation agents without negative effect on the dry and organic matter degradability thus it could be used as natural alternative for monensin for ruminants diets but the antimethanogenic activity of propolis could be affected by the location of propolis collection therefore more studies are needed to confirm such these effects in vitro and in vivo and to assess the main active components of propolis to explain its mode of action.
Simple Summary Natural montmorillonite (NM) is the most common clay used as a feed additive in ru... more Simple Summary Natural montmorillonite (NM) is the most common clay used as a feed additive in ruminant diets. Under normal pH conditions, it can adsorb hydrogen and may affect methane (CH4) formation; however, it possesses less efficiency than other clays. Due to NM’s negative charge flat surface and positive charge edges, its physicochemical properties can be modified by cationic or anionic surfactants. Therefore, two types of modified nano-montmorillonite (MNM) were developed by ion-exchange reactions using cationic and anionic surfactants. Comparisons were made with monensin as a rumen modulator to reduce CH4 emission from ruminants. The results indicated that the physicochemical properties of both MNM types were enhanced (e.g., cation-exchange capacity and zeta potential). All MNM clays and monensin successfully reduced rumen CH4 production and ammonia concentration; however, clay modified by cationic surfactant was more efficient than what was modified by anionic surfactant in...
Editorial on the Research Topic Natural phytochemicals to enhance animal productivity and health ... more Editorial on the Research Topic Natural phytochemicals to enhance animal productivity and health status with low greenhouse gas emissions
A synbiotic composed of alginate nanoencapsulated prebiotic (pomegranate peel phytogenics) and mu... more A synbiotic composed of alginate nanoencapsulated prebiotic (pomegranate peel phytogenics) and multi-species probiotics (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been developed as a potential eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics. The physicochemical properties of the encapsulated synbiotic were evaluated, and its gastric and storage tolerance, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, were tested and compared to that of the non-encapsulated synbiotic (free synbiotic). The results showed that the prebiotic pomegranate peel ethanolic extract contained seven phenolic compounds, with cinnamic being the most abundant (13.26 µL/mL). Sodium alginate-CaCl2 nanocapsules were effective in encapsulating 84.06 ± 1.5% of the prebiotic’s phenolic compounds and 98.85 ± 0.57% of the probiotics. The particle size of the alginate-CaCl2 nanoencapsulated synbiotic was 544.5 nm, and the polydispersity index and zeta potential...
This study assessed the effects of the kernel extracts of apricot (AKE; Prunus armeniaca) and pea... more This study assessed the effects of the kernel extracts of apricot (AKE; Prunus armeniaca) and peach (PKE; Prunus pérsica), and their mixture (Mix) on growth efficiency, feed utilization, cecum activity, and health status, of growing rabbits. Weaned male New Zealand White rabbits at six weeks old [n = 84, 736 ± 24 SE g body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to four dietary groups. The first group received no feed additives (control), the second and third groups received 0.3 mL/kg BW of AKE and PKE, respectively, and the fourth group received a mixture of AKE and PKE (1:1) at 0.3 mL/kg BW (Mix). Results indicated that 2(3h)-Furanone, 5-Heptyldihydro was found in abundance in both extracts, while 1,1-Dimethyl-2 Phenylethy L Butyrate and 1,3-Dioxolane, and 4-Methyl-2-Phenyl- were the most components detected in AKE and Cyclohexanol and 10-Methylundecan-4-olide were found in abundance in PKE. All the experimental extracts enhanced (p < 0.05) the growth performance, cecal fermentatio...
This study aims to provide possible utilization of sunflower head byproduct (SFH) as a feedstuff ... more This study aims to provide possible utilization of sunflower head byproduct (SFH) as a feedstuff by implementing chemical pretreatments (4% sodium hydroxide (SFHNaOH) or 4% urea (SFHurea) and supplementation with either exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) or functional feed additive (FFA). The experimental EFE was a complex (1:1, v/v) of two enzyme products with high activity of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase and applied at 0 (SFHout), 1, 2, 5, and 10 µL/ gdry matter, while FFA was a fermentation byproduct rich in cellulase and xylanase activities, applied at 0 (SFHout), 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/g DM. SFHurea had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content compared to other SFH substrates. Linear enhancements (p < 0.05) in kinetics of gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations were observed for all SFH substrates supplemented with EFE. The SFHout had the highest (p &...
Background Montmorillonite clay modified by organosulfur surfactants possesses high cation exchan... more Background Montmorillonite clay modified by organosulfur surfactants possesses high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and adsorption capacity than their unmodified form (UM), therefore they may elevate the adverse impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. Chemical and mechanical modifications were used to innovate the organically modified nano montmorillonite (MNM). The UM was modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and grounded to obtain the nanoscale particle size form. The dose-response effects of the MNM supplementation to a basal diet contaminated or not with AFB1 (20 ppb) were evaluated in vitro using the gas production (GP) system. The following treatments were tested: control (basal diet without supplementations), UM diet [UM supplemented at 5000 mg /kg dry matter (DM)], and MNM diets at low (500 mg/ kg DM) and high doses (1000 mg/ kg DM). Results Results of the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy analysis showed shifts of bands of the O...
Two fibrolytic enzyme products (cellulase and xylanase) were applied at 7.5 or 0.46 enzymatic uni... more Two fibrolytic enzyme products (cellulase and xylanase) were applied at 7.5 or 0.46 enzymatic units/500 mg DM substrate, respectively to common Brazilian forage pasture grass species: Aruana (Panicum maximum), Napier (Pennisetum purpureum), Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), Buffel (Pennisetum ciliare), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and sugarcane bagasse. The forages were then incubated in an in vitro semi-automatic gas production (GP) system for 24 and 48 h. Cellulase addition enhanced (P<0.05) GP, the amount of degraded neutral detergent fiber (DNDF), and propionate and butyrate production during 24 h compared with no addition, whereas xylanase product had only minor effects on nutrient degradation. None of the enzymatic treatments affected methane (CH4) at the two incubation times. Aruana and Napier had the highest hemicellulose and protein contents, caused the lowest CH4 production (P<0.01) and increased (P<0.05) GP, DNDF and CH4 at 24 h when treated with cellulase ...
Context Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain with low tannin content may be suitable as an... more Context Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain with low tannin content may be suitable as an alternative to maize (Zea mays L.) grain in ruminant diets in terms of input costs and drought tolerance, and effects on growth performance and mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions. Aims The study aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution of maize with sorghum grain at different rates on ruminal microbial protein synthesis, CH4 formation and liveweight gain in growing ruminants. Methods Twenty-five Santa Inês lambs (bodyweight 19.0 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly divided into five dietary treatments. Control diet components (on a dry matter basis) were Tifton-85 hay (400 g/kg), maize (405 g/kg), soybean meal (165 g/kg) and commercial mineral supplement (30 g/kg). Sorghum diets comprised the basal diet with the maize grain proportionately substituted with sorghum grain at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (diets S25–S100). Lamb feed intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance,...
This experiment was carried out to establish the response of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 ... more This experiment was carried out to establish the response of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 μl/75 mL) of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil supplemented to (50:50) forage: concentrate diet for gas production (GP), methanogenic potential, ruminal fermentation parameters and degradability using semi-automatic system for GP in 24h incubation. Monensin was used as positive control. The results showed that moderate levels of the patchouli supplementations have not significant differences in the gas production, methane production or pH compared with the basal control diet but tended (P=0.3493) to increase the truly degraded organic matter (TDOM), whereas monensin decrease (P<0.05) the gas production and methane production significantly and there was no effect (P>0.05) on TDOM compared with the basal control diet. A similarity reduction (P<0.05) in ammonia concentrations and protozoa count was observed with all levels of the patchouli essential oil supplementation an...
Tropentag 2011, October 5 - 7, Bonn, Germany "Development on the margin". Rumen Degrada... more Tropentag 2011, October 5 - 7, Bonn, Germany "Development on the margin". Rumen Degradation Characteristics and Tannin Biological Effects of Brazilian Tanniniferous Tropical Plants Based on in vitro Gas Production Technique. ...
ABSTRACT The substitution of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake was evaluated in vitro for gas a... more ABSTRACT The substitution of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake was evaluated in vitro for gas and methane production, using four adult cannulated Santa Inês wethers as inoculum donor, grazing tropical grass pasture (Brachiaria decumbens and Pennisetum purpureum) and supplemented with 30% grass hay and 70% concentrate containing increasing levels of substitution (0 %, 22 %, 44 % and 64 %) of Crambe cake. The gas production bottles were content substrate (500mg), inoculum (25mL) and nutrient solutions (50mL) and incubated for 24 hours .The pressure reading is made at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours of incubation. The results showed a decrease in total gas production in 24 hours (TGP 24h), total gas production expressed as dray matter (DM) (TGP mL / g DM), methane production in 24 hours (CH 4 24h) and methane production expressed as DM (CH 4 mL / g DM) without changing the in truly degradability of DM (TDDM) and truly degradability of organic matter (TDOM). The replacement of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake protein decreases significantly (P &amp;lt;0.05) gas and CH 4 production without negative effect on the degradability of DM and OM.
ABSTRACT Six rumen cannulated Santa Inês weathers grazing on tropical grass pasture and supplemen... more ABSTRACT Six rumen cannulated Santa Inês weathers grazing on tropical grass pasture and supplemented with ground corn and soybean were used as donors for ruminal inoculums to evaluate two types of propolis green (BGP) and alamo (BAP) collected from different locations in Brazil. These propolis were evaluated for their effect on rumen gas production (GP), methane production (CH4) and degradability in vitro using the semi automatic system of gas production. The crude propolis samples were extracted by ethanol 70%. Three doses of the green and alamo proplis at [0 (control), 125, 250, 500 µg/75 ml culture fluid] and monensin (MON) was used as positive control at (3 µM/75 ml of culture fluid) were supplemented to half gram of the experimental diet (Tifton hay plus concentrate) (50:50 w/w). The results of the current study showed that monensin, BGP250 μg and all levels of BAP presented a similar reduction on rumen methane production without negative effect on the rumen gas production and the truly degraded dry matter (TDDM) or truly degraded organic matter (TDOM) in vitro while when ranking the treatments for their CH4 inhibition, MON was the highest value (43.8%) followed by BAP125 and BAP250 (22.4 and 18.2%) respectively. These results suggested that propolis may be promising methane mitigation agents without negative effect on the dry and organic matter degradability thus it could be used as natural alternative for monensin for ruminants diets but the antimethanogenic activity of propolis could be affected by the location of propolis collection therefore more studies are needed to confirm such these effects in vitro and in vivo and to assess the main active components of propolis to explain its mode of action.
Simple Summary Natural montmorillonite (NM) is the most common clay used as a feed additive in ru... more Simple Summary Natural montmorillonite (NM) is the most common clay used as a feed additive in ruminant diets. Under normal pH conditions, it can adsorb hydrogen and may affect methane (CH4) formation; however, it possesses less efficiency than other clays. Due to NM’s negative charge flat surface and positive charge edges, its physicochemical properties can be modified by cationic or anionic surfactants. Therefore, two types of modified nano-montmorillonite (MNM) were developed by ion-exchange reactions using cationic and anionic surfactants. Comparisons were made with monensin as a rumen modulator to reduce CH4 emission from ruminants. The results indicated that the physicochemical properties of both MNM types were enhanced (e.g., cation-exchange capacity and zeta potential). All MNM clays and monensin successfully reduced rumen CH4 production and ammonia concentration; however, clay modified by cationic surfactant was more efficient than what was modified by anionic surfactant in...
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