Ex-JNU| Ph.D. English ('In Minor Mode: A Study of Saadat Hasan Manto's Radio Plays" Ex-St. Stephen's College, Delhi University| M.A. English Hons. Ex-Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University| B.A. English Hons. Supervisors: Dr. Makarand R. Paranjape
This study conducts a feminist analysis of the poetry of Habba Khatoon
(1554-1609), a well-known Kashmiri poetess. This article digs into her
devastating expressions of female victimisation in her time's patriarchal
society by examining the themes of her poetry, her distinct style, and striking
imagery. Khatoon's poetry expertly expresses repressed emotions and
obstacles faced by women, highlighting their perseverance and toughness.
This study emphasises Khatoon’s cultural relevance as a symbol of women's
emancipation and an advocate for gender equality in writing, demonstrating
her long-lasting influence on the literary scene of the 16th and early 17th
century.
Keywords: Habba Khatoon; Kashmiri; female; feminine; romantic
In today's rapidly evolving landscape, data is being generated at an unprecedented rate, driven by the surge in everyday information. Numerous organizations accumulate vast volumes of data, presenting a formidable challenge in terms of analysis and utilization. Online shopping platforms, in particular, face a deluge of sales data on a daily basis, making the task of analyzing and visualizing this data for informative retrieval a daunting one. Effective sales management is of paramount importance in the competitive business environment, as it plays a central role in optimizing distribution methods, cost reduction, and profit augmentation within the ever-changing market dynamics. This study is dedicated to emphasizing the critical role of sales management in achieving these objectives. It explores the intricacies of sales data analysis, highlighting the pivotal role of data-driven insights in uncovering patterns, trends, and opportunities for optimization. The study adopts a comprehensive approach by implementing the Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes using Python to meticulously extract and transform datasets, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. Additionally, Excel and Python are leveraged for data visualization, enhancing the study's efficacy by providing a lucid and actionable comprehension of the datasets. The culmination of this endeavor results in the revelation of key metrics and factors that shape sales dynamics. In an era where data-driven insights reign supreme, this study stands as a testament to the transformative potential of data in achieving excellence in sales management.
Margaret Atwood's novel, Surfacing (1972) addresses the Woman's Question through the point of view of young woman who travels with her boyfriend and two married friends and sets on a journey into her troubled past. The paper analyzes the different ways in which the novel portrays the growing distance of the protagonist's self-identity from her sense of language, history, and culture. It delves into the role of language, reason, and logic in imbuing as well as taking away the protagonist's self-belief. It also probes Atwood's portrayal of nature, especially wilderness, as an essential aspect of one's psychological development and realization of desires. The paper argues that the novel is a quest for female identity and meaning in which language and nature play extremely significant roles.
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), 2024
The purpose of this research article is to investigate the significance of incorporating life ski... more The purpose of this research article is to investigate the significance of incorporating life skills into the curriculum of undergraduate students, with a particular emphasis on the framework that is introduced in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The term "life skills" refers to a wide variety of competencies that enable individuals to successfully manage the difficulties of contemporary life. An approach to education that is holistic and interdisciplinary is emphasised by the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) in a number of nations. The goal of this method is to educate students not just for academic achievement but also for personal and professional fulfilment. In this study, we explore the precise regulations and suggestions contained within the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) that advocate for the incorporation of life skills within undergraduate studies. More specifically, it investigates the possible influence that introducing life skills into the curriculum might have on the overall development of students, their employability, and the contributions they make to society.
This research paper explores the nuanced representation of female subjectivity in three selected poems by Kamala Das, i.e. "Introduction", "The Freaks", and "The Sunshine Cat". Grounded in the historical and cultural context of Das' time, the analysis delves into the poet's radical exploration of female identity that radically challenges societal norms and expectations. In "Introduction", Das presents a self-aware protagonist who grapples with her identity in the face of societal expectations. The poem serves as a foundation for understanding Das' feminist perspective, as it initiates a discourse on the complexities of female subjectivity and autonomy. "The Freaks" further expands upon the unconventional aspects of female identity, challenging traditional gender roles. Das paints a vivid picture of women who defy societal norms, embracing their unique identities and rejecting conformity. This poem acts as a powerful commentary on the limitations placed upon women and the necessity for individualistic self-expression. "The Sunshine Cat" delves into themes of desire and freedom, showcasing a protagonist who seeks agency and autonomy. Das portrays a woman unapologetically asserting her desires, embodying a sense of liberation that challenges societal expectations. This poem highlights the poet's commitment to exploring the multifaceted dimensions of female subjectivity.Through a comparative analysis, common themes across the three poems are identified, while differences in the representation of female subjectivity are explored. The paper also delves into Das' broader feminist ideology and addresses critiques and controversies surrounding her portrayal of women. In conclusion, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Kamala Das' significant role in reshaping the narrative of female subjectivity in literature, emphasizing the poet's commitment to breaking free from societal constraints and giving voice to the diverse experiences of women.
This paper examines the various provisions made in NEP 2020 to promote native Indian languages and its focus on pushing forth multiculturalism through multilingualism. It also delves into the various ways in which multilingualism will enact as a potential instrument to enhance the professional capabilities of people so that they become equipped with strong linguistic skills in diverse languages in order to be job-ready in multicultural and globalized contexts. Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to study the highlights and challenges of imparting education in home language/mother tongue/local language/regional languages with a view to make recommendations ensuring its successful implementation. Finally, the paper takes cognizance of the policy's objective to push forth for a linguistically vibrant, pluralistic, value-based society that is firmly rooted in the linguistic competencies and traditions of Indian languages.
The 21st century is a time of unprecedented innovation and upheaval in the world. India requires a significant number of highly educated workers. The traditional teaching and learning approach is now considered to be out of date; thus, it is necessary to determine the most effective ways for enhancing the requisite abilities of both teachers and pupils. In order to cultivate abilities that are both long-lasting and marketable, it is imperative that pedagogy shift away from fact-based, traditionally delivered lectures and toward more participatory methods of instruction. In order to find a solution to this issue, it has become necessary to implement innovative strategies in educational practises. The use of the many approaches and procedures that are described in the paper will be helpful in achieving the outcomes that are sought. This article discusses many forward-thinking instructional strategies that are now being utilised by educational institutions of a higher level in the country.
Eighteenth-century England is marked by a resurgence in writing for the periodicals
that were being written with the twin objectives of educating as well as entertaining
the masses. The growth of the periodical essay in the 18th century is a story of the
rise of the educated classes in England, women gaining centre-stage in the reading
public, and the wave of public discussions and debate that animated the public
sphere in England at the time. This essay traces the reasons and conditions for the
growth of the periodical essay in 18th century England. It further discusses at the
length the distinguishing features of the major periodical writers of the time including
Addison, Steele, and Samuel Johnson and their contributions to the growth and
refinement of English prose that paved the way for the novel form.
This paper seeks to enunciate the manner in which Manto explores the themes of illicit pregnancy, the condition of childless women and above all, his radical naturalization of “motherly” spirit as one standing for inclusiveness, genuine concern and unconditional affection albeit uniquely shorn off the conventional significations around it such as piousness, purity and rigid control of the woman’s sexuality and autonomy. For this purpose, four short-stories namely, “Basit”, “The Rat of Shahdole”, “By the Roadside” and “Mummy”, as well as one radio play, viz. “Mamta Ki Chori” (“The Theft of Motherhood”) are analyzed.
Aijaz Ahmad’s highly influential essay “‘Indian Literature’: Notes towards the Definition of a Ca... more Aijaz Ahmad’s highly influential essay “‘Indian Literature’: Notes towards the Definition of a Category” was first published as a chapter in his seminal book In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures (1992). Many of the essays published in this book, notably “Jameson's Rhetoric of Otherness and the "National Allegory””, “Salman Rushdie's Shame: Postmodern Migrancy and the Representation of Women” and “Orientalism and After: Ambivalence and Metropolitan Location in the Work of Edward Said” were first published in various reputed journals. By Ahmad’s own admission, the chapter“Indian Literature” too has its basis in seminar presentations held at Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1988. Ahmad’s essay is concerned with several issues of importance pertaining to the unwieldy category of Indian literature. Ahmad discusses theoretical and institutional problems encountered while talking of a separate entity such as ‘Indian Literature’. The essay is written from...
Daath Voyage: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in English, Dec 2018
This paper probes into the genre of the highly acclaimed biographical film on the noted Urdu writ... more This paper probes into the genre of the highly acclaimed biographical film on the noted Urdu writer, Saadat Hasan Manto, directed by Nandita Das as Manto (2018). The matter of enquiry of this research paper involves an analysis of the genre and sub-genre of biopic and literary biopic respectively, to understand the postmodernist narrative method of interweaving fact and fiction in order to understand the author and his works through a mutual dialogue and dynamism. In the second part of the essay, there is an examination of the strategies through which the film overcomes the conventional portrayal of the writer-hero as an artistic genius in order to present the contradictoriness that is the cornerstone of Manto’s fictional corpus. Finally, there is an attempt to understand the implications of a film such as this both in the immediate cinematic context of rising popularity of biopics fostering jingoistic nationalist sentiments, and the larger global context fuelled by increasing communal hatred, violence and curbs on freedom of speech and expression.
Bharatiya Pragna: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Indian Studies, 2017
The rich folklore of India poses a challenge to any attempts at its analysis owing to the extreme... more The rich folklore of India poses a challenge to any attempts at its analysis owing to the extremely rich layers of history behind it. Indian folklore is a complex blend of myriad cultures, traditions, myths and legends that have been handed down from generations, significantly through the oral tradition. This peculiar feature of orality that defines Indian folklore viz. stories, songs, dances etc., demands that the method of its study must be multi-dimensional, unconventional and holistic. This paper seeks to study one of the folk traditions of storytelling, namely the vrat katha. The discussion will centre on the ways in which the textuality of the vrat-katha as a religious story is defined in great measure through its performance. Furthermore, the different ways in which the vrat katha seeks to perpetuate as well as subvert the dominant orthodox ideologies is sought to be explored. Lastly, the appropriation of the vrat kathas through media, for instance cinema, the formation of cults, the impact of adaptations on the original text and meaning of the katha remains a relevant question to be considered.
Lapis Lazuli: An International Literary Journal, 2015
Leela Gandhi in her book Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction argues that the colonial en... more Leela Gandhi in her book Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction argues that the colonial encounter is not simply― "a reservoir of raw political experiences…[it is] characterized by…writing about the cultural and political identities of the colonized subjects" . This paper seeks to analyze Amrita Pritam‘s Punjabi novel Pinjar (1950) or The Skeleton in this light. It posits a reading of women‘s experiences in a postcolonial nation, identifying the potential of feminist articulations of the traumatic Partition of 1947 by drawing upon contemporary scholarship such as the likes of Ritu Menon, Urvashi Butalia and Gyanendra Pandey.The paper consciously avoids the stereotypical analysis of Partition narrowly conflating it with newly assumed religious identities of the refugees. Through this reading of Pinjar, an attempt is made to show the fissures that accompany processes of a ―gendered‖ identity formation in a postcolonial encounter, the trauma of which does not neatly translate into a purely communal consciousness. By exposing religion as a force that constrains women in the name of ―honor‖ and chastity, Pinjar shows that identity formation in the case of relocated women is highly complex and psychologically nuanced. This psychological and gendered exploration of postcoloniality through Pinjar is radically different, exposing religion as a constraining force and expressive of the frenzy that accompanies arbitrary drawing of borders, the irrational contestation between the powers that be and ultimately woman‘s body as the site of its enactment.
Book Review of "Manto Saheb: Friends and Enemies on the Great Maverick", translated by Vibha Chau... more Book Review of "Manto Saheb: Friends and Enemies on the Great Maverick", translated by Vibha Chauhan and Khalid Alvi. Muse India, Hemant Ritu, Issue 82 (Nov-Dec 2018). See "More Info".
This study conducts a feminist analysis of the poetry of Habba Khatoon
(1554-1609), a well-known Kashmiri poetess. This article digs into her
devastating expressions of female victimisation in her time's patriarchal
society by examining the themes of her poetry, her distinct style, and striking
imagery. Khatoon's poetry expertly expresses repressed emotions and
obstacles faced by women, highlighting their perseverance and toughness.
This study emphasises Khatoon’s cultural relevance as a symbol of women's
emancipation and an advocate for gender equality in writing, demonstrating
her long-lasting influence on the literary scene of the 16th and early 17th
century.
Keywords: Habba Khatoon; Kashmiri; female; feminine; romantic
In today's rapidly evolving landscape, data is being generated at an unprecedented rate, driven by the surge in everyday information. Numerous organizations accumulate vast volumes of data, presenting a formidable challenge in terms of analysis and utilization. Online shopping platforms, in particular, face a deluge of sales data on a daily basis, making the task of analyzing and visualizing this data for informative retrieval a daunting one. Effective sales management is of paramount importance in the competitive business environment, as it plays a central role in optimizing distribution methods, cost reduction, and profit augmentation within the ever-changing market dynamics. This study is dedicated to emphasizing the critical role of sales management in achieving these objectives. It explores the intricacies of sales data analysis, highlighting the pivotal role of data-driven insights in uncovering patterns, trends, and opportunities for optimization. The study adopts a comprehensive approach by implementing the Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes using Python to meticulously extract and transform datasets, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. Additionally, Excel and Python are leveraged for data visualization, enhancing the study's efficacy by providing a lucid and actionable comprehension of the datasets. The culmination of this endeavor results in the revelation of key metrics and factors that shape sales dynamics. In an era where data-driven insights reign supreme, this study stands as a testament to the transformative potential of data in achieving excellence in sales management.
Margaret Atwood's novel, Surfacing (1972) addresses the Woman's Question through the point of view of young woman who travels with her boyfriend and two married friends and sets on a journey into her troubled past. The paper analyzes the different ways in which the novel portrays the growing distance of the protagonist's self-identity from her sense of language, history, and culture. It delves into the role of language, reason, and logic in imbuing as well as taking away the protagonist's self-belief. It also probes Atwood's portrayal of nature, especially wilderness, as an essential aspect of one's psychological development and realization of desires. The paper argues that the novel is a quest for female identity and meaning in which language and nature play extremely significant roles.
International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), 2024
The purpose of this research article is to investigate the significance of incorporating life ski... more The purpose of this research article is to investigate the significance of incorporating life skills into the curriculum of undergraduate students, with a particular emphasis on the framework that is introduced in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The term "life skills" refers to a wide variety of competencies that enable individuals to successfully manage the difficulties of contemporary life. An approach to education that is holistic and interdisciplinary is emphasised by the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) in a number of nations. The goal of this method is to educate students not just for academic achievement but also for personal and professional fulfilment. In this study, we explore the precise regulations and suggestions contained within the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) that advocate for the incorporation of life skills within undergraduate studies. More specifically, it investigates the possible influence that introducing life skills into the curriculum might have on the overall development of students, their employability, and the contributions they make to society.
This research paper explores the nuanced representation of female subjectivity in three selected poems by Kamala Das, i.e. "Introduction", "The Freaks", and "The Sunshine Cat". Grounded in the historical and cultural context of Das' time, the analysis delves into the poet's radical exploration of female identity that radically challenges societal norms and expectations. In "Introduction", Das presents a self-aware protagonist who grapples with her identity in the face of societal expectations. The poem serves as a foundation for understanding Das' feminist perspective, as it initiates a discourse on the complexities of female subjectivity and autonomy. "The Freaks" further expands upon the unconventional aspects of female identity, challenging traditional gender roles. Das paints a vivid picture of women who defy societal norms, embracing their unique identities and rejecting conformity. This poem acts as a powerful commentary on the limitations placed upon women and the necessity for individualistic self-expression. "The Sunshine Cat" delves into themes of desire and freedom, showcasing a protagonist who seeks agency and autonomy. Das portrays a woman unapologetically asserting her desires, embodying a sense of liberation that challenges societal expectations. This poem highlights the poet's commitment to exploring the multifaceted dimensions of female subjectivity.Through a comparative analysis, common themes across the three poems are identified, while differences in the representation of female subjectivity are explored. The paper also delves into Das' broader feminist ideology and addresses critiques and controversies surrounding her portrayal of women. In conclusion, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Kamala Das' significant role in reshaping the narrative of female subjectivity in literature, emphasizing the poet's commitment to breaking free from societal constraints and giving voice to the diverse experiences of women.
This paper examines the various provisions made in NEP 2020 to promote native Indian languages and its focus on pushing forth multiculturalism through multilingualism. It also delves into the various ways in which multilingualism will enact as a potential instrument to enhance the professional capabilities of people so that they become equipped with strong linguistic skills in diverse languages in order to be job-ready in multicultural and globalized contexts. Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to study the highlights and challenges of imparting education in home language/mother tongue/local language/regional languages with a view to make recommendations ensuring its successful implementation. Finally, the paper takes cognizance of the policy's objective to push forth for a linguistically vibrant, pluralistic, value-based society that is firmly rooted in the linguistic competencies and traditions of Indian languages.
The 21st century is a time of unprecedented innovation and upheaval in the world. India requires a significant number of highly educated workers. The traditional teaching and learning approach is now considered to be out of date; thus, it is necessary to determine the most effective ways for enhancing the requisite abilities of both teachers and pupils. In order to cultivate abilities that are both long-lasting and marketable, it is imperative that pedagogy shift away from fact-based, traditionally delivered lectures and toward more participatory methods of instruction. In order to find a solution to this issue, it has become necessary to implement innovative strategies in educational practises. The use of the many approaches and procedures that are described in the paper will be helpful in achieving the outcomes that are sought. This article discusses many forward-thinking instructional strategies that are now being utilised by educational institutions of a higher level in the country.
Eighteenth-century England is marked by a resurgence in writing for the periodicals
that were being written with the twin objectives of educating as well as entertaining
the masses. The growth of the periodical essay in the 18th century is a story of the
rise of the educated classes in England, women gaining centre-stage in the reading
public, and the wave of public discussions and debate that animated the public
sphere in England at the time. This essay traces the reasons and conditions for the
growth of the periodical essay in 18th century England. It further discusses at the
length the distinguishing features of the major periodical writers of the time including
Addison, Steele, and Samuel Johnson and their contributions to the growth and
refinement of English prose that paved the way for the novel form.
This paper seeks to enunciate the manner in which Manto explores the themes of illicit pregnancy, the condition of childless women and above all, his radical naturalization of “motherly” spirit as one standing for inclusiveness, genuine concern and unconditional affection albeit uniquely shorn off the conventional significations around it such as piousness, purity and rigid control of the woman’s sexuality and autonomy. For this purpose, four short-stories namely, “Basit”, “The Rat of Shahdole”, “By the Roadside” and “Mummy”, as well as one radio play, viz. “Mamta Ki Chori” (“The Theft of Motherhood”) are analyzed.
Aijaz Ahmad’s highly influential essay “‘Indian Literature’: Notes towards the Definition of a Ca... more Aijaz Ahmad’s highly influential essay “‘Indian Literature’: Notes towards the Definition of a Category” was first published as a chapter in his seminal book In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures (1992). Many of the essays published in this book, notably “Jameson's Rhetoric of Otherness and the "National Allegory””, “Salman Rushdie's Shame: Postmodern Migrancy and the Representation of Women” and “Orientalism and After: Ambivalence and Metropolitan Location in the Work of Edward Said” were first published in various reputed journals. By Ahmad’s own admission, the chapter“Indian Literature” too has its basis in seminar presentations held at Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1988. Ahmad’s essay is concerned with several issues of importance pertaining to the unwieldy category of Indian literature. Ahmad discusses theoretical and institutional problems encountered while talking of a separate entity such as ‘Indian Literature’. The essay is written from...
Daath Voyage: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in English, Dec 2018
This paper probes into the genre of the highly acclaimed biographical film on the noted Urdu writ... more This paper probes into the genre of the highly acclaimed biographical film on the noted Urdu writer, Saadat Hasan Manto, directed by Nandita Das as Manto (2018). The matter of enquiry of this research paper involves an analysis of the genre and sub-genre of biopic and literary biopic respectively, to understand the postmodernist narrative method of interweaving fact and fiction in order to understand the author and his works through a mutual dialogue and dynamism. In the second part of the essay, there is an examination of the strategies through which the film overcomes the conventional portrayal of the writer-hero as an artistic genius in order to present the contradictoriness that is the cornerstone of Manto’s fictional corpus. Finally, there is an attempt to understand the implications of a film such as this both in the immediate cinematic context of rising popularity of biopics fostering jingoistic nationalist sentiments, and the larger global context fuelled by increasing communal hatred, violence and curbs on freedom of speech and expression.
Bharatiya Pragna: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Indian Studies, 2017
The rich folklore of India poses a challenge to any attempts at its analysis owing to the extreme... more The rich folklore of India poses a challenge to any attempts at its analysis owing to the extremely rich layers of history behind it. Indian folklore is a complex blend of myriad cultures, traditions, myths and legends that have been handed down from generations, significantly through the oral tradition. This peculiar feature of orality that defines Indian folklore viz. stories, songs, dances etc., demands that the method of its study must be multi-dimensional, unconventional and holistic. This paper seeks to study one of the folk traditions of storytelling, namely the vrat katha. The discussion will centre on the ways in which the textuality of the vrat-katha as a religious story is defined in great measure through its performance. Furthermore, the different ways in which the vrat katha seeks to perpetuate as well as subvert the dominant orthodox ideologies is sought to be explored. Lastly, the appropriation of the vrat kathas through media, for instance cinema, the formation of cults, the impact of adaptations on the original text and meaning of the katha remains a relevant question to be considered.
Lapis Lazuli: An International Literary Journal, 2015
Leela Gandhi in her book Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction argues that the colonial en... more Leela Gandhi in her book Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction argues that the colonial encounter is not simply― "a reservoir of raw political experiences…[it is] characterized by…writing about the cultural and political identities of the colonized subjects" . This paper seeks to analyze Amrita Pritam‘s Punjabi novel Pinjar (1950) or The Skeleton in this light. It posits a reading of women‘s experiences in a postcolonial nation, identifying the potential of feminist articulations of the traumatic Partition of 1947 by drawing upon contemporary scholarship such as the likes of Ritu Menon, Urvashi Butalia and Gyanendra Pandey.The paper consciously avoids the stereotypical analysis of Partition narrowly conflating it with newly assumed religious identities of the refugees. Through this reading of Pinjar, an attempt is made to show the fissures that accompany processes of a ―gendered‖ identity formation in a postcolonial encounter, the trauma of which does not neatly translate into a purely communal consciousness. By exposing religion as a force that constrains women in the name of ―honor‖ and chastity, Pinjar shows that identity formation in the case of relocated women is highly complex and psychologically nuanced. This psychological and gendered exploration of postcoloniality through Pinjar is radically different, exposing religion as a constraining force and expressive of the frenzy that accompanies arbitrary drawing of borders, the irrational contestation between the powers that be and ultimately woman‘s body as the site of its enactment.
Book Review of "Manto Saheb: Friends and Enemies on the Great Maverick", translated by Vibha Chau... more Book Review of "Manto Saheb: Friends and Enemies on the Great Maverick", translated by Vibha Chauhan and Khalid Alvi. Muse India, Hemant Ritu, Issue 82 (Nov-Dec 2018). See "More Info".
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This study conducts a feminist analysis of the poetry of Habba Khatoon
(1554-1609), a well-known Kashmiri poetess. This article digs into her
devastating expressions of female victimisation in her time's patriarchal
society by examining the themes of her poetry, her distinct style, and striking
imagery. Khatoon's poetry expertly expresses repressed emotions and
obstacles faced by women, highlighting their perseverance and toughness.
This study emphasises Khatoon’s cultural relevance as a symbol of women's
emancipation and an advocate for gender equality in writing, demonstrating
her long-lasting influence on the literary scene of the 16th and early 17th
century.
Keywords: Habba Khatoon; Kashmiri; female; feminine; romantic
In today's rapidly evolving landscape, data is being generated at an unprecedented rate, driven by the surge in everyday information. Numerous organizations accumulate vast volumes of data, presenting a formidable challenge in terms of analysis and utilization. Online shopping platforms, in particular, face a deluge of sales data on a daily basis, making the task of analyzing and visualizing this data for informative retrieval a daunting one. Effective sales management is of paramount importance in the competitive business environment, as it plays a central role in optimizing distribution methods, cost reduction, and profit augmentation within the ever-changing market dynamics. This study is dedicated to emphasizing the critical role of sales management in achieving these objectives. It explores the intricacies of sales data analysis, highlighting the pivotal role of data-driven insights in uncovering patterns, trends, and opportunities for optimization. The study adopts a comprehensive approach by implementing the Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes using Python to meticulously extract and transform datasets, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. Additionally, Excel and Python are leveraged for data visualization, enhancing the study's efficacy by providing a lucid and actionable comprehension of the datasets. The culmination of this endeavor results in the revelation of key metrics and factors that shape sales dynamics. In an era where data-driven insights reign supreme, this study stands as a testament to the transformative potential of data in achieving excellence in sales management.
Margaret Atwood's novel, Surfacing (1972) addresses the Woman's Question through the point of view of young woman who travels with her boyfriend and two married friends and sets on a journey into her troubled past. The paper analyzes the different ways in which the novel portrays the growing distance of the protagonist's self-identity from her sense of language, history, and culture. It delves into the role of language, reason, and logic in imbuing as well as taking away the protagonist's self-belief. It also probes Atwood's portrayal of nature, especially wilderness, as an essential aspect of one's psychological development and realization of desires. The paper argues that the novel is a quest for female identity and meaning in which language and nature play extremely significant roles.
Click for DOI: http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.39266
This research paper explores the nuanced representation of female subjectivity in three selected poems by Kamala Das, i.e. "Introduction", "The Freaks", and "The Sunshine Cat". Grounded in the historical and cultural context of Das' time, the analysis delves into the poet's radical exploration of female identity that radically challenges societal norms and expectations. In "Introduction", Das presents a self-aware protagonist who grapples with her identity in the face of societal expectations. The poem serves as a foundation for understanding Das' feminist perspective, as it initiates a discourse on the complexities of female subjectivity and autonomy. "The Freaks" further expands upon the unconventional aspects of female identity, challenging traditional gender roles. Das paints a vivid picture of women who defy societal norms, embracing their unique identities and rejecting conformity. This poem acts as a powerful commentary on the limitations placed upon women and the necessity for individualistic self-expression. "The Sunshine Cat" delves into themes of desire and freedom, showcasing a protagonist who seeks agency and autonomy. Das portrays a woman unapologetically asserting her desires, embodying a sense of liberation that challenges societal expectations. This poem highlights the poet's commitment to exploring the multifaceted dimensions of female subjectivity.Through a comparative analysis, common themes across the three poems are identified, while differences in the representation of female subjectivity are explored. The paper also delves into Das' broader feminist ideology and addresses critiques and controversies surrounding her portrayal of women. In conclusion, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Kamala Das' significant role in reshaping the narrative of female subjectivity in literature, emphasizing the poet's commitment to breaking free from societal constraints and giving voice to the diverse experiences of women.
This paper examines the various provisions made in NEP 2020 to promote native Indian languages and its focus on pushing forth multiculturalism through multilingualism. It also delves into the various ways in which multilingualism will enact as a potential instrument to enhance the professional capabilities of people so that they become equipped with strong linguistic skills in diverse languages in order to be job-ready in multicultural and globalized contexts. Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to study the highlights and challenges of imparting education in home language/mother tongue/local language/regional languages with a view to make recommendations ensuring its successful implementation. Finally, the paper takes cognizance of the policy's objective to push forth for a linguistically vibrant, pluralistic, value-based society that is firmly rooted in the linguistic competencies and traditions of Indian languages.
The 21st century is a time of unprecedented innovation and upheaval in the world. India requires a significant number of highly educated workers. The traditional teaching and learning approach is now considered to be out of date; thus, it is necessary to determine the most effective ways for enhancing the requisite abilities of both teachers and pupils. In order to cultivate abilities that are both long-lasting and marketable, it is imperative that pedagogy shift away from fact-based, traditionally delivered lectures and toward more participatory methods of instruction. In order to find a solution to this issue, it has become necessary to implement innovative strategies in educational practises. The use of the many approaches and procedures that are described in the paper will be helpful in achieving the outcomes that are sought. This article discusses many forward-thinking instructional strategies that are now being utilised by educational institutions of a higher level in the country.
Eighteenth-century England is marked by a resurgence in writing for the periodicals
that were being written with the twin objectives of educating as well as entertaining
the masses. The growth of the periodical essay in the 18th century is a story of the
rise of the educated classes in England, women gaining centre-stage in the reading
public, and the wave of public discussions and debate that animated the public
sphere in England at the time. This essay traces the reasons and conditions for the
growth of the periodical essay in 18th century England. It further discusses at the
length the distinguishing features of the major periodical writers of the time including
Addison, Steele, and Samuel Johnson and their contributions to the growth and
refinement of English prose that paved the way for the novel form.
This paper seeks to enunciate the manner in which Manto explores the themes of illicit pregnancy, the condition of childless women and above all, his radical naturalization of “motherly” spirit as one standing for inclusiveness, genuine concern and unconditional affection albeit uniquely shorn off the conventional significations around it such as piousness, purity and rigid control of the woman’s sexuality and autonomy. For this purpose, four short-stories namely, “Basit”, “The Rat of Shahdole”, “By the Roadside” and “Mummy”, as well as one radio play, viz. “Mamta Ki Chori” (“The Theft of Motherhood”) are analyzed.
seeks to perpetuate as well as subvert the dominant orthodox ideologies is sought to be explored. Lastly, the appropriation of the vrat kathas through media, for instance cinema, the formation of cults, the impact of adaptations on the original text and meaning of the
katha remains a relevant question to be considered.
postcolonial nation, identifying the potential of feminist articulations of the traumatic Partition of 1947 by drawing upon contemporary scholarship such as the likes of Ritu Menon, Urvashi Butalia and Gyanendra Pandey.The paper consciously avoids the stereotypical analysis of Partition narrowly conflating it with newly assumed religious identities of the refugees. Through this reading of Pinjar, an attempt is made to
show the fissures that accompany processes of a ―gendered‖ identity formation in a postcolonial encounter, the trauma of which does not neatly translate into a purely communal consciousness. By exposing religion as a force that constrains women in the name of ―honor‖ and chastity, Pinjar shows that identity formation in the case of relocated women is highly complex and psychologically nuanced. This psychological and gendered exploration of postcoloniality through Pinjar is radically different, exposing religion as a constraining force and expressive of the frenzy that accompanies arbitrary drawing of borders, the irrational contestation between the powers that be and ultimately woman‘s body as the site of its enactment.
This study conducts a feminist analysis of the poetry of Habba Khatoon
(1554-1609), a well-known Kashmiri poetess. This article digs into her
devastating expressions of female victimisation in her time's patriarchal
society by examining the themes of her poetry, her distinct style, and striking
imagery. Khatoon's poetry expertly expresses repressed emotions and
obstacles faced by women, highlighting their perseverance and toughness.
This study emphasises Khatoon’s cultural relevance as a symbol of women's
emancipation and an advocate for gender equality in writing, demonstrating
her long-lasting influence on the literary scene of the 16th and early 17th
century.
Keywords: Habba Khatoon; Kashmiri; female; feminine; romantic
In today's rapidly evolving landscape, data is being generated at an unprecedented rate, driven by the surge in everyday information. Numerous organizations accumulate vast volumes of data, presenting a formidable challenge in terms of analysis and utilization. Online shopping platforms, in particular, face a deluge of sales data on a daily basis, making the task of analyzing and visualizing this data for informative retrieval a daunting one. Effective sales management is of paramount importance in the competitive business environment, as it plays a central role in optimizing distribution methods, cost reduction, and profit augmentation within the ever-changing market dynamics. This study is dedicated to emphasizing the critical role of sales management in achieving these objectives. It explores the intricacies of sales data analysis, highlighting the pivotal role of data-driven insights in uncovering patterns, trends, and opportunities for optimization. The study adopts a comprehensive approach by implementing the Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes using Python to meticulously extract and transform datasets, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. Additionally, Excel and Python are leveraged for data visualization, enhancing the study's efficacy by providing a lucid and actionable comprehension of the datasets. The culmination of this endeavor results in the revelation of key metrics and factors that shape sales dynamics. In an era where data-driven insights reign supreme, this study stands as a testament to the transformative potential of data in achieving excellence in sales management.
Margaret Atwood's novel, Surfacing (1972) addresses the Woman's Question through the point of view of young woman who travels with her boyfriend and two married friends and sets on a journey into her troubled past. The paper analyzes the different ways in which the novel portrays the growing distance of the protagonist's self-identity from her sense of language, history, and culture. It delves into the role of language, reason, and logic in imbuing as well as taking away the protagonist's self-belief. It also probes Atwood's portrayal of nature, especially wilderness, as an essential aspect of one's psychological development and realization of desires. The paper argues that the novel is a quest for female identity and meaning in which language and nature play extremely significant roles.
Click for DOI: http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.39266
This research paper explores the nuanced representation of female subjectivity in three selected poems by Kamala Das, i.e. "Introduction", "The Freaks", and "The Sunshine Cat". Grounded in the historical and cultural context of Das' time, the analysis delves into the poet's radical exploration of female identity that radically challenges societal norms and expectations. In "Introduction", Das presents a self-aware protagonist who grapples with her identity in the face of societal expectations. The poem serves as a foundation for understanding Das' feminist perspective, as it initiates a discourse on the complexities of female subjectivity and autonomy. "The Freaks" further expands upon the unconventional aspects of female identity, challenging traditional gender roles. Das paints a vivid picture of women who defy societal norms, embracing their unique identities and rejecting conformity. This poem acts as a powerful commentary on the limitations placed upon women and the necessity for individualistic self-expression. "The Sunshine Cat" delves into themes of desire and freedom, showcasing a protagonist who seeks agency and autonomy. Das portrays a woman unapologetically asserting her desires, embodying a sense of liberation that challenges societal expectations. This poem highlights the poet's commitment to exploring the multifaceted dimensions of female subjectivity.Through a comparative analysis, common themes across the three poems are identified, while differences in the representation of female subjectivity are explored. The paper also delves into Das' broader feminist ideology and addresses critiques and controversies surrounding her portrayal of women. In conclusion, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Kamala Das' significant role in reshaping the narrative of female subjectivity in literature, emphasizing the poet's commitment to breaking free from societal constraints and giving voice to the diverse experiences of women.
This paper examines the various provisions made in NEP 2020 to promote native Indian languages and its focus on pushing forth multiculturalism through multilingualism. It also delves into the various ways in which multilingualism will enact as a potential instrument to enhance the professional capabilities of people so that they become equipped with strong linguistic skills in diverse languages in order to be job-ready in multicultural and globalized contexts. Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to study the highlights and challenges of imparting education in home language/mother tongue/local language/regional languages with a view to make recommendations ensuring its successful implementation. Finally, the paper takes cognizance of the policy's objective to push forth for a linguistically vibrant, pluralistic, value-based society that is firmly rooted in the linguistic competencies and traditions of Indian languages.
The 21st century is a time of unprecedented innovation and upheaval in the world. India requires a significant number of highly educated workers. The traditional teaching and learning approach is now considered to be out of date; thus, it is necessary to determine the most effective ways for enhancing the requisite abilities of both teachers and pupils. In order to cultivate abilities that are both long-lasting and marketable, it is imperative that pedagogy shift away from fact-based, traditionally delivered lectures and toward more participatory methods of instruction. In order to find a solution to this issue, it has become necessary to implement innovative strategies in educational practises. The use of the many approaches and procedures that are described in the paper will be helpful in achieving the outcomes that are sought. This article discusses many forward-thinking instructional strategies that are now being utilised by educational institutions of a higher level in the country.
Eighteenth-century England is marked by a resurgence in writing for the periodicals
that were being written with the twin objectives of educating as well as entertaining
the masses. The growth of the periodical essay in the 18th century is a story of the
rise of the educated classes in England, women gaining centre-stage in the reading
public, and the wave of public discussions and debate that animated the public
sphere in England at the time. This essay traces the reasons and conditions for the
growth of the periodical essay in 18th century England. It further discusses at the
length the distinguishing features of the major periodical writers of the time including
Addison, Steele, and Samuel Johnson and their contributions to the growth and
refinement of English prose that paved the way for the novel form.
This paper seeks to enunciate the manner in which Manto explores the themes of illicit pregnancy, the condition of childless women and above all, his radical naturalization of “motherly” spirit as one standing for inclusiveness, genuine concern and unconditional affection albeit uniquely shorn off the conventional significations around it such as piousness, purity and rigid control of the woman’s sexuality and autonomy. For this purpose, four short-stories namely, “Basit”, “The Rat of Shahdole”, “By the Roadside” and “Mummy”, as well as one radio play, viz. “Mamta Ki Chori” (“The Theft of Motherhood”) are analyzed.
seeks to perpetuate as well as subvert the dominant orthodox ideologies is sought to be explored. Lastly, the appropriation of the vrat kathas through media, for instance cinema, the formation of cults, the impact of adaptations on the original text and meaning of the
katha remains a relevant question to be considered.
postcolonial nation, identifying the potential of feminist articulations of the traumatic Partition of 1947 by drawing upon contemporary scholarship such as the likes of Ritu Menon, Urvashi Butalia and Gyanendra Pandey.The paper consciously avoids the stereotypical analysis of Partition narrowly conflating it with newly assumed religious identities of the refugees. Through this reading of Pinjar, an attempt is made to
show the fissures that accompany processes of a ―gendered‖ identity formation in a postcolonial encounter, the trauma of which does not neatly translate into a purely communal consciousness. By exposing religion as a force that constrains women in the name of ―honor‖ and chastity, Pinjar shows that identity formation in the case of relocated women is highly complex and psychologically nuanced. This psychological and gendered exploration of postcoloniality through Pinjar is radically different, exposing religion as a constraining force and expressive of the frenzy that accompanies arbitrary drawing of borders, the irrational contestation between the powers that be and ultimately woman‘s body as the site of its enactment.