For a long time scholars investigating the circumstances of the death of Sennacherib could not an... more For a long time scholars investigating the circumstances of the death of Sennacherib could not answer two basic questions: which of the sons of Sennacherib was directly responsible for the assassination of the father and where this assassination took place. As regards the first of these questions, it was saggested long time ago that one of the conspirators could be "Arad-Ninlil", a son of Sennacherib mentioned in a contemporary economic textl; however, nobody was able to relate his name to the names of the murderers known from the Bible as Adrammelekh and Sharezer . This identification became possible only later, when it was established that NIN .LfL should be read as Mulissu . As a result, the biblical Adrammelekh turned out to be Arda-Mulissi of ADD 201. Finally, E. Lipinski's new interpretation of2 Kings, 19:37 revealed that the murder was committed in Dur-Sarruken . Parpola provided numerous arguments for the reading of Arda-NIN.LfL as ArdaMulissi and for his ident...
In the first millennium BC the most important centre on the shore of the Levant was Tyre. Althoug... more In the first millennium BC the most important centre on the shore of the Levant was Tyre. Although researchers have at their disposal the epitome of Tyrian history and quite rich Mesopotamian data, the history and chronology of the city state is the subject of controversy. The article contains an overview and evaluation of research on the chronology of Tyre in the second half of the 6th century BC as established in recent years, and adds a new, hitherto unpublished document from the reign of the Babylonian king Amēl-Marduk. Katzenstein’s chronology, or those that suggest its limited revision, are thereby seen to be the best proposals, explaining the chronology of the removal and restoration of the local dynasty. There are no serious reasons for thinking that the aim of the Babylonian expansion was the development of agriculture in the Levant; rather, it was to participate in and control the income from trade, the main source of Tyre’s economic status.
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, 1995
L'A. s'interesse a l'histoire des derniers jours et a la chute de l'Empire Assyri... more L'A. s'interesse a l'histoire des derniers jours et a la chute de l'Empire Assyrien. Les sources ecrites connues sont la Chronique BM 25127 et les dates des textes de Sippar. L'A. fait un rappel a propos des regnes des derniers rois de la fin du 7°Siecle avant J.C en Assyrie
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, 2013
: The published document, although it is undated and presents a corrupted copy of the original ta... more : The published document, although it is undated and presents a corrupted copy of the original tablet (with one or two lines missing), is important because it can be safely dated to the ‘era of unrest’ (ca. 626–619 BC) and it gives insight into the prebendary system at the outset of the Neo-Babylonian empire.
[7] Of great importance to us is the Synchronistic King List from ASsur, [8] written during the r... more [7] Of great importance to us is the Synchronistic King List from ASsur, [8] written during the reign of ASSur-etel-ilani or soon after his death, where his name immediately follows that of Ashurbanipal. Date formulae of business documents [9] can also be very useful in ...
Despite the use of new data from administrative and economic documents to explain the circumstanc... more Despite the use of new data from administrative and economic documents to explain the circumstances of the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the sequence of events preceding the attack of the Persian army, the main source is still the Nabonidus-Cyrus Chronicle,1 even though its objectivity has been contested.2 Leaving the discussion of the character of the Chronicle for a separate study, this article will only discuss the events of the last year preceding the attack of the Persians on Babylonia and the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Em-
The publication of the Chronicle BM 25127 by Wiseman'brought about vigorous discussi... more The publication of the Chronicle BM 25127 by Wiseman'brought about vigorous discussion over the introductory verses (lines 1-17) devoted to the events that preceded the first year of Nabopolassar's rule. 2 Also the distorted narration of the events of Nabopolassar's third ...
For a long time scholars investigating the circumstances of the death of Sennacherib could not an... more For a long time scholars investigating the circumstances of the death of Sennacherib could not answer two basic questions: which of the sons of Sennacherib was directly responsible for the assassination of the father and where this assassination took place. As regards the first of these questions, it was saggested long time ago that one of the conspirators could be "Arad-Ninlil", a son of Sennacherib mentioned in a contemporary economic textl; however, nobody was able to relate his name to the names of the murderers known from the Bible as Adrammelekh and Sharezer . This identification became possible only later, when it was established that NIN .LfL should be read as Mulissu . As a result, the biblical Adrammelekh turned out to be Arda-Mulissi of ADD 201. Finally, E. Lipinski's new interpretation of2 Kings, 19:37 revealed that the murder was committed in Dur-Sarruken . Parpola provided numerous arguments for the reading of Arda-NIN.LfL as ArdaMulissi and for his ident...
In the first millennium BC the most important centre on the shore of the Levant was Tyre. Althoug... more In the first millennium BC the most important centre on the shore of the Levant was Tyre. Although researchers have at their disposal the epitome of Tyrian history and quite rich Mesopotamian data, the history and chronology of the city state is the subject of controversy. The article contains an overview and evaluation of research on the chronology of Tyre in the second half of the 6th century BC as established in recent years, and adds a new, hitherto unpublished document from the reign of the Babylonian king Amēl-Marduk. Katzenstein’s chronology, or those that suggest its limited revision, are thereby seen to be the best proposals, explaining the chronology of the removal and restoration of the local dynasty. There are no serious reasons for thinking that the aim of the Babylonian expansion was the development of agriculture in the Levant; rather, it was to participate in and control the income from trade, the main source of Tyre’s economic status.
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie, 1995
L'A. s'interesse a l'histoire des derniers jours et a la chute de l'Empire Assyri... more L'A. s'interesse a l'histoire des derniers jours et a la chute de l'Empire Assyrien. Les sources ecrites connues sont la Chronique BM 25127 et les dates des textes de Sippar. L'A. fait un rappel a propos des regnes des derniers rois de la fin du 7°Siecle avant J.C en Assyrie
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, 2013
: The published document, although it is undated and presents a corrupted copy of the original ta... more : The published document, although it is undated and presents a corrupted copy of the original tablet (with one or two lines missing), is important because it can be safely dated to the ‘era of unrest’ (ca. 626–619 BC) and it gives insight into the prebendary system at the outset of the Neo-Babylonian empire.
[7] Of great importance to us is the Synchronistic King List from ASsur, [8] written during the r... more [7] Of great importance to us is the Synchronistic King List from ASsur, [8] written during the reign of ASSur-etel-ilani or soon after his death, where his name immediately follows that of Ashurbanipal. Date formulae of business documents [9] can also be very useful in ...
Despite the use of new data from administrative and economic documents to explain the circumstanc... more Despite the use of new data from administrative and economic documents to explain the circumstances of the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the sequence of events preceding the attack of the Persian army, the main source is still the Nabonidus-Cyrus Chronicle,1 even though its objectivity has been contested.2 Leaving the discussion of the character of the Chronicle for a separate study, this article will only discuss the events of the last year preceding the attack of the Persians on Babylonia and the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Em-
The publication of the Chronicle BM 25127 by Wiseman'brought about vigorous discussi... more The publication of the Chronicle BM 25127 by Wiseman'brought about vigorous discussion over the introductory verses (lines 1-17) devoted to the events that preceded the first year of Nabopolassar's rule. 2 Also the distorted narration of the events of Nabopolassar's third ...
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Papers by Stefan Zawadzki