Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2019 , 2019
The study was done in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to analyze the pr... more The study was done in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to analyze the production, consumption and marketing stages of cocoa in Ghana. A qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. Theoretical studies and literatures related to the study were explored in gathering relevant data required to outline and analyse the attributes necessary for the enhancement of the production, consumption and marketing stages of Ghana’s cocoa industry. Secondary and qualitative data were reviewed and collected from research findings, literature, journals and other publications conducted by the United Nations FAO, International Cocoa Organization (ICCO), Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD), and other individual researchers and organizations. The SWOT analysis revealed a good number of opportunities provided by the external environment and advantages in the internal environment that can be capitalized to enhance the cocoa industry in Ghana. A TOWS analysis matrix was constructed to determine possible strategies that can be adopted to manage the production sector within its environments.
The study investigated the return on investment committed to apiculture (beekeeping) for
honey a... more The study investigated the return on investment committed to apiculture (beekeeping) for honey and bee wax production in the Mampong Ashanti Municipality of Ghana. In pursuit of the investigation, twelve apiculturists (beekeepers) were identified and interviewed with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. The study examined their socioeconomic characteristics, constraints militating against the venture, determination of how production inputs were acquired, the cost structure of honey and wax production and the return they obtain on their investment. Descriptive statistics as well as total cost and return on investment models were used to analyse the data collected. Descriptive analyses revealed that majority (75%) of the respondents had received tertiary education and 75% were new to the venture with experience of 5 years and below. All the respondents managed only top bar hives and operated on part-time basis. Personal savings was the main source of capital for 61.1% of the respondents and majority (45%) of the respondents acquired locally improvised equipment for their apiary operations. Respondents were faced with problems such as, inadequate equipment, lack of technical assistance, absconding of bees, lack of capital among others. The cost analyses revealed that, variable costs made up the bulk (79.58%) of the total cost. An average capital investment of GH¢870.18 generated a gross revenue of GH¢3,316.00 per harvest, giving a return on investment of 2.81 (281.10%). Based on the findings, apiculture is economically profitable in the study area and should therefore be considered by government as a tool for employment creation and poverty reduction. Financial institutions must be enlightened to consider apiculturists for loans. Establishment of apiculture research centers and input shops would also encourage more apiarists.
With the objective of investigating whether glyphosate herbicides and Lambda-
c... more With the objective of investigating whether glyphosate herbicides and Lambda- cyhalothrin insecticide, after leaching through soil as a simulated run-off, have any effect on water quality as well as acute toxicity on the early live stages of tilapia, an experiment was conducted for 72 hours using a glyphosate based herbicide and the insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin as the xenobiotic treatment. The glyphosate concentrations were; 25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm, and the Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations were; 0.5ppb, 1ppb, 2ppb, 4ppb and 6ppb. Starved tilapias were exposed to the simulated run-off aquatic media containing the toxicants. Fish mortality, pH and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) were recorded at times zero, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after fish introduction. Air was re-trapped into the plastic bags at each sampling time. Results of the experiment revealed that, glyphosate herbicide and lambda cyhalothrin insecticide can be a threat to the lives and survival of tilapia juveniles as it proved to be acutely toxic to the fish through alterations in pH of the aquatic medium and fish mortality within 72 hours. In the experiments, it was the treatment with the insecticide lambda cyhalothrin whose %mortality-log concentration curve came close to the hypothetical sigmoid curves in determining LC50s. It was noticed that, the soil sediments in the aquatic medium might have adsorbed the toxicants making the solutions less toxic.
Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2019 , 2019
The study was done in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to analyze the pr... more The study was done in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to analyze the production, consumption and marketing stages of cocoa in Ghana. A qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. Theoretical studies and literatures related to the study were explored in gathering relevant data required to outline and analyse the attributes necessary for the enhancement of the production, consumption and marketing stages of Ghana’s cocoa industry. Secondary and qualitative data were reviewed and collected from research findings, literature, journals and other publications conducted by the United Nations FAO, International Cocoa Organization (ICCO), Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD), and other individual researchers and organizations. The SWOT analysis revealed a good number of opportunities provided by the external environment and advantages in the internal environment that can be capitalized to enhance the cocoa industry in Ghana. A TOWS analysis matrix was constructed to determine possible strategies that can be adopted to manage the production sector within its environments.
The study investigated the return on investment committed to apiculture (beekeeping) for
honey a... more The study investigated the return on investment committed to apiculture (beekeeping) for honey and bee wax production in the Mampong Ashanti Municipality of Ghana. In pursuit of the investigation, twelve apiculturists (beekeepers) were identified and interviewed with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. The study examined their socioeconomic characteristics, constraints militating against the venture, determination of how production inputs were acquired, the cost structure of honey and wax production and the return they obtain on their investment. Descriptive statistics as well as total cost and return on investment models were used to analyse the data collected. Descriptive analyses revealed that majority (75%) of the respondents had received tertiary education and 75% were new to the venture with experience of 5 years and below. All the respondents managed only top bar hives and operated on part-time basis. Personal savings was the main source of capital for 61.1% of the respondents and majority (45%) of the respondents acquired locally improvised equipment for their apiary operations. Respondents were faced with problems such as, inadequate equipment, lack of technical assistance, absconding of bees, lack of capital among others. The cost analyses revealed that, variable costs made up the bulk (79.58%) of the total cost. An average capital investment of GH¢870.18 generated a gross revenue of GH¢3,316.00 per harvest, giving a return on investment of 2.81 (281.10%). Based on the findings, apiculture is economically profitable in the study area and should therefore be considered by government as a tool for employment creation and poverty reduction. Financial institutions must be enlightened to consider apiculturists for loans. Establishment of apiculture research centers and input shops would also encourage more apiarists.
With the objective of investigating whether glyphosate herbicides and Lambda-
c... more With the objective of investigating whether glyphosate herbicides and Lambda- cyhalothrin insecticide, after leaching through soil as a simulated run-off, have any effect on water quality as well as acute toxicity on the early live stages of tilapia, an experiment was conducted for 72 hours using a glyphosate based herbicide and the insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin as the xenobiotic treatment. The glyphosate concentrations were; 25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm, and the Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations were; 0.5ppb, 1ppb, 2ppb, 4ppb and 6ppb. Starved tilapias were exposed to the simulated run-off aquatic media containing the toxicants. Fish mortality, pH and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) were recorded at times zero, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after fish introduction. Air was re-trapped into the plastic bags at each sampling time. Results of the experiment revealed that, glyphosate herbicide and lambda cyhalothrin insecticide can be a threat to the lives and survival of tilapia juveniles as it proved to be acutely toxic to the fish through alterations in pH of the aquatic medium and fish mortality within 72 hours. In the experiments, it was the treatment with the insecticide lambda cyhalothrin whose %mortality-log concentration curve came close to the hypothetical sigmoid curves in determining LC50s. It was noticed that, the soil sediments in the aquatic medium might have adsorbed the toxicants making the solutions less toxic.
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honey and bee wax production in the Mampong Ashanti Municipality of Ghana. In pursuit
of the investigation, twelve apiculturists (beekeepers) were identified and interviewed with
the aid of well-structured questionnaire. The study examined their socioeconomic
characteristics, constraints militating against the venture, determination of how production
inputs were acquired, the cost structure of honey and wax production and the return they
obtain on their investment. Descriptive statistics as well as total cost and return on
investment models were used to analyse the data collected. Descriptive analyses revealed
that majority (75%) of the respondents had received tertiary education and 75% were new
to the venture with experience of 5 years and below. All the respondents managed only top
bar hives and operated on part-time basis. Personal savings was the main source of capital
for 61.1% of the respondents and majority (45%) of the respondents acquired locally
improvised equipment for their apiary operations. Respondents were faced with problems
such as, inadequate equipment, lack of technical assistance, absconding of bees, lack of
capital among others. The cost analyses revealed that, variable costs made up the bulk
(79.58%) of the total cost. An average capital investment of GH¢870.18 generated a gross
revenue of GH¢3,316.00 per harvest, giving a return on investment of 2.81 (281.10%).
Based on the findings, apiculture is economically profitable in the study area and should
therefore be considered by government as a tool for employment creation and poverty
reduction. Financial institutions must be enlightened to consider apiculturists for loans.
Establishment of apiculture research centers and input shops would also encourage more
apiarists.
cyhalothrin insecticide, after leaching through soil as a simulated run-off, have any effect
on water quality as well as acute toxicity on the early live stages of tilapia, an experiment
was conducted for 72 hours using a glyphosate based herbicide and the insecticide
Lambda-cyhalothrin as the xenobiotic treatment. The glyphosate concentrations were;
25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm, and the Lambda cyhalothrin
concentrations were; 0.5ppb, 1ppb, 2ppb, 4ppb and 6ppb. Starved tilapias were exposed
to the simulated run-off aquatic media containing the toxicants.
Fish mortality, pH and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) were recorded at times zero, 6 hours, 12
hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after fish introduction. Air
was re-trapped into the plastic bags at each sampling time.
Results of the experiment revealed that, glyphosate herbicide and lambda cyhalothrin
insecticide can be a threat to the lives and survival of tilapia juveniles as it proved to be
acutely toxic to the fish through alterations in pH of the aquatic medium and fish
mortality within 72 hours. In the experiments, it was the treatment with the insecticide
lambda cyhalothrin whose %mortality-log concentration curve came close to the
hypothetical sigmoid curves in determining LC50s. It was noticed that, the soil sediments
in the aquatic medium might have adsorbed the toxicants making the solutions less toxic.
honey and bee wax production in the Mampong Ashanti Municipality of Ghana. In pursuit
of the investigation, twelve apiculturists (beekeepers) were identified and interviewed with
the aid of well-structured questionnaire. The study examined their socioeconomic
characteristics, constraints militating against the venture, determination of how production
inputs were acquired, the cost structure of honey and wax production and the return they
obtain on their investment. Descriptive statistics as well as total cost and return on
investment models were used to analyse the data collected. Descriptive analyses revealed
that majority (75%) of the respondents had received tertiary education and 75% were new
to the venture with experience of 5 years and below. All the respondents managed only top
bar hives and operated on part-time basis. Personal savings was the main source of capital
for 61.1% of the respondents and majority (45%) of the respondents acquired locally
improvised equipment for their apiary operations. Respondents were faced with problems
such as, inadequate equipment, lack of technical assistance, absconding of bees, lack of
capital among others. The cost analyses revealed that, variable costs made up the bulk
(79.58%) of the total cost. An average capital investment of GH¢870.18 generated a gross
revenue of GH¢3,316.00 per harvest, giving a return on investment of 2.81 (281.10%).
Based on the findings, apiculture is economically profitable in the study area and should
therefore be considered by government as a tool for employment creation and poverty
reduction. Financial institutions must be enlightened to consider apiculturists for loans.
Establishment of apiculture research centers and input shops would also encourage more
apiarists.
cyhalothrin insecticide, after leaching through soil as a simulated run-off, have any effect
on water quality as well as acute toxicity on the early live stages of tilapia, an experiment
was conducted for 72 hours using a glyphosate based herbicide and the insecticide
Lambda-cyhalothrin as the xenobiotic treatment. The glyphosate concentrations were;
25ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm, and the Lambda cyhalothrin
concentrations were; 0.5ppb, 1ppb, 2ppb, 4ppb and 6ppb. Starved tilapias were exposed
to the simulated run-off aquatic media containing the toxicants.
Fish mortality, pH and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) were recorded at times zero, 6 hours, 12
hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after fish introduction. Air
was re-trapped into the plastic bags at each sampling time.
Results of the experiment revealed that, glyphosate herbicide and lambda cyhalothrin
insecticide can be a threat to the lives and survival of tilapia juveniles as it proved to be
acutely toxic to the fish through alterations in pH of the aquatic medium and fish
mortality within 72 hours. In the experiments, it was the treatment with the insecticide
lambda cyhalothrin whose %mortality-log concentration curve came close to the
hypothetical sigmoid curves in determining LC50s. It was noticed that, the soil sediments
in the aquatic medium might have adsorbed the toxicants making the solutions less toxic.