The role of ethical values in history is of ten overlooked. The main role ascribed to the politic... more The role of ethical values in history is of ten overlooked. The main role ascribed to the political, economic and military aspects of history diminishes the role of norms and values. At the same time, the perspective concentrating on the history of culture, mentality and daily life provides a viewpoint from which ethical norms and values are treated as an aspect of culture and have limited influence on other aspects of history. In this paper, I present the importance of ethical values and historical justifications, referring to them based on the example of Volodymyr Zelenskyy's speeches during the first year of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. This provides an opportunity to analyze an example of the role ethical values play in the Ukrainian struggle against Russia and justify the thesis that ethics plays an important part in geopolitical security and defense. This paper consists of four parts: first, the author briefly describes the importance of ethical values for historiography and certain aspects of the historical context in which Zelenskyy's speeches will be interpreted throughout the text. Secondly, the issue of nihilism in history is described, with particular attention to Zelenskyy's opposition toward it. The next part describes historical determinism as a tool to justify abhorrent actions, and the final part describes the value ascribed to freedom by Zelenskyy, especially as a prerequisite for the existence of other ethical values and as a method to search for an answer to aggression, war, and evil.
STUDIA Z TEORII WYCHOWANIA TOM XIV: 2023 NR 2 (43), 2023
The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom... more The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom and the role of authority in education. It also presents Rene Girard's idea of sacrificial crisis and uses it as an interpretative technique to understand conceptual, bureaucratic, and neoliberal forms of hiding violence. Finally, the author formulates remarks concerning the importance of making violence visible and distinguishing between its manifold forms and cases.
The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant.... more The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant. From ecology to medicine, from bioethics to transhumanism, there are many different issues reflected and acted upon, which have an important common element, namely underlying premises about the relationship between the natural biosphere and humans. Hans Jonas, in his book The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search for an Ethics for the Technological Age, first published over 40 years ago in German as Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, proposed philosophical and ethical foundations for understanding this relationship. One of the underestimated Hans Jonas' reflections concerns the characteristic of power. The paper analyzes the concept of power presented along with the imperative of responsibility, as well as three different degrees of power characteristic for Jonas' approach to the notion of power. The paper presents this structure of power and the underlying philosophical considerations that constitute a basis for it. It also provides an argument that these considerations may be used as a framework for understanding many contemporary challenges and ethical responsibility in the technological age. Resumo Questões acerca do controle do meio ambiente estão se tornando cada vez mais significantes. Da ecologia à medicina, da bioética ao transumanismo, há muitos problemas diferentes sendo refletidos e aplicados, que contêm um importante elemento comum, 654 ROSÓŁ, P. Rev. Filos., Aurora, Curitiba, v. 32, n. 57, p. 653-664, set./dez. 2020 nomeadamente as premissas subjacentes à relação entre a biosfera e os seres humanos. Hans Jonas, no seu livro O Princípio da Responsabilidade: Ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica, publicado pela primeira vez há mais de 40 anos em Alemão e com o título Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, propõe fundamentos filosóficos e éticos para a compreensão dessa relação. Uma das reflexões subestimadas de Hans Jonas diz respeito à característica do poder. O artigo analisa o conceito de poder junto com o imperativo de responsabilidade, bem como três diferentes graus de poder característicos para a abordagem da noção de poder de Jonas. O artigo apresenta essa estrutura de poder e as considerações filosóficas subjacentes que constituem a sua base. Também fornece um argumento de que essas considerações podem ser usadas como uma estrutura para a compreensão de muitos desafios contemporâneos e responsabilidade ética na era tecnológica. Palavras-chave: Hans Jonas. Poder. Tecnologia. Ética da Responsabilidade. Filosofia da Tecnologia.
ARCHIVE of the HISTORY of PHILOSOPHY and SOCIAL THOUGHT, 2019
The paper presents the conception of discourse ethics proposed by Dietrich Böhler. In this concep... more The paper presents the conception of discourse ethics proposed by Dietrich Böhler. In this conception our ethical obligations stem from and should follow our relationships as partners in dialogue. I argue that each philosophical discussion needs not only the rules for conducting it, but should also show the possible points of dispute, as well as the relationship with the past and cultural factors, which could have influenced its shape. All these elements create the space for a dialogue, and should not be forgotten while we discuss and think about discourse, rules of discussion and possible misunderstandings. To have a conversation one needs space for disagreement, as well as a possibility of critical analysis of discussion rules, so that we can decide whether they should be changed or not. In my opinion Dietrich Böhler's proposition does not leave enough space for making such changes. KEYWORDS: discourse • discourse ethics • rules of discourse • conflict • politics • relativism • universalism
The paper searches for the inspirations of Hans Jonas’s philosophy. The title, 'longing', is base... more The paper searches for the inspirations of Hans Jonas’s philosophy. The title, 'longing', is based on the concepts and ideas, which are critically analyzed by Jonas. The paper shows the connection between the way Jonas described the challenges we have with the concept of nature, teleology, the beginning of modern science and the positive ideas he wanted to defend, the ideas he was longing for.
Technological progress and its consequences have strongly changed the way we live. This process h... more Technological progress and its consequences have strongly changed the way we live. This process has initiated a lot of philosophical and ethical reflections. Many of those reflections show us what is wrong with our attitude towards technology and that there are parts of technological development which lead to ill consequences. My thesis
is that a part of a problem with technology is our understanding of it. The better philosophical concept of notion of technology can lead us to finding a way of using
technology as a tool for making the world a good place
to live. In my paper I present three ways of understanding technology and it's place in society. According to Hans Jonas we should be responsible for future generations and avoid situations, which could be dangerous for them. This embrace taking control over technology and avoiding catastrophes, which could be started by our inventions. Ivan Illich in Tools for Conviviality shows that using technologies is leading to such problems as bureaucratization and monopolization of our lives by scientifically justified practices. Kevin Kelly wrote about technology as a part of evolutional process. He highlights
that technology can be seen as a tool to make our development faster. I use those ideas to propose a more diversified concept of technology. I show that we
need to provide criteria of good and bad aspects of technology and start to think about different types of technological development – those which
we would like to spread and those which we should not let to appear.
The article presents the axiological aspects of mobility management. On selected examples of spac... more The article presents the axiological aspects of mobility management. On selected examples of space design, illustrated with pictures from Polish cities, it shows how choices in the area of organization of transport and space are connected with values, even if the authorities are unaware of the ethical aspects of their choices. The examples analyzed in the article were selected to demonstrate how values can differ in different space designs. At the same time they highlight the importance of ethical issues raised by planning mobility in cities. They aim of the article is providing the reader with pictures and accurate descriptions of model situations, in order to introduce these issues to a broader public and show the ethical dimension of city planning to readers not familiar with these issues.
Artykuł przedstawia poglądy Hansa Jonasa na temat tego, jak ludzie odnoszą się do wszechświata. S... more Artykuł przedstawia poglądy Hansa Jonasa na temat tego, jak ludzie odnoszą się do wszechświata. Szczególny nacisk położony został na pokazanie przemian, które zaszły na
przestrzeni wieków w postrzeganiu kategorii życia i śmierci. Opisanie tych kategorii pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie, dlaczego świat przestał być postrzegany jako miejsce nadające ludzkiej egzystencji sens i znaczenie, a zaczął być miejscem, w którym człowiek stanowi obcy element.
Tekst uporządkowany jest chronologicznie. Wybór epok i prądów filozoficznych, które zostały
omówione, podporządkowany jest ukazaniu najważniejszych momentów wspomnianych procesów. Z tego względu, najwięcej miejsca poświęcono opisaniu relacji człowieka do świata w starożytnej Grecji, w ramach filozofii stoickiej i gnostyckiej, w czasach nowożytnych i w egzystencjalizmie. W ramach omawiania czasów nowożytnych, zwraca się uwagę na istotną rolę, którą w tych przemianach miało pojawienie się nauk przyrodniczych.
The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom... more The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom and the role of authority in education. It also presents Rene Girard’s idea of sacrificial crisis and uses it as an interpretative technique to understand conceptual, bureaucratic, and neoliberal forms of hiding violence. Finally, the author formulates remarks concerning the importance of making violence visible and distinguishing between its manifold forms and cases.
The role of ethical values in history is of ten overlooked. The main role ascribed to the politic... more The role of ethical values in history is of ten overlooked. The main role ascribed to the political, economic and military aspects of history diminishes the role of norms and values. At the same time, the perspective concentrating on the history of culture, mentality and daily life provides a viewpoint from which ethical norms and values are treated as an aspect of culture and have limited influence on other aspects of history. In this paper, I present the importance of ethical values and historical justifications, referring to them based on the example of Volodymyr Zelenskyy's speeches during the first year of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. This provides an opportunity to analyze an example of the role ethical values play in the Ukrainian struggle against Russia and justify the thesis that ethics plays an important part in geopolitical security and defense. This paper consists of four parts: first, the author briefly describes the importance of ethical values for historiography and certain aspects of the historical context in which Zelenskyy's speeches will be interpreted throughout the text. Secondly, the issue of nihilism in history is described, with particular attention to Zelenskyy's opposition toward it. The next part describes historical determinism as a tool to justify abhorrent actions, and the final part describes the value ascribed to freedom by Zelenskyy, especially as a prerequisite for the existence of other ethical values and as a method to search for an answer to aggression, war, and evil.
STUDIA Z TEORII WYCHOWANIA TOM XIV: 2023 NR 2 (43), 2023
The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom... more The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom and the role of authority in education. It also presents Rene Girard's idea of sacrificial crisis and uses it as an interpretative technique to understand conceptual, bureaucratic, and neoliberal forms of hiding violence. Finally, the author formulates remarks concerning the importance of making violence visible and distinguishing between its manifold forms and cases.
The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant.... more The questions concerning control over the environment are becoming increasingly more significant. From ecology to medicine, from bioethics to transhumanism, there are many different issues reflected and acted upon, which have an important common element, namely underlying premises about the relationship between the natural biosphere and humans. Hans Jonas, in his book The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search for an Ethics for the Technological Age, first published over 40 years ago in German as Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, proposed philosophical and ethical foundations for understanding this relationship. One of the underestimated Hans Jonas' reflections concerns the characteristic of power. The paper analyzes the concept of power presented along with the imperative of responsibility, as well as three different degrees of power characteristic for Jonas' approach to the notion of power. The paper presents this structure of power and the underlying philosophical considerations that constitute a basis for it. It also provides an argument that these considerations may be used as a framework for understanding many contemporary challenges and ethical responsibility in the technological age. Resumo Questões acerca do controle do meio ambiente estão se tornando cada vez mais significantes. Da ecologia à medicina, da bioética ao transumanismo, há muitos problemas diferentes sendo refletidos e aplicados, que contêm um importante elemento comum, 654 ROSÓŁ, P. Rev. Filos., Aurora, Curitiba, v. 32, n. 57, p. 653-664, set./dez. 2020 nomeadamente as premissas subjacentes à relação entre a biosfera e os seres humanos. Hans Jonas, no seu livro O Princípio da Responsabilidade: Ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica, publicado pela primeira vez há mais de 40 anos em Alemão e com o título Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation, propõe fundamentos filosóficos e éticos para a compreensão dessa relação. Uma das reflexões subestimadas de Hans Jonas diz respeito à característica do poder. O artigo analisa o conceito de poder junto com o imperativo de responsabilidade, bem como três diferentes graus de poder característicos para a abordagem da noção de poder de Jonas. O artigo apresenta essa estrutura de poder e as considerações filosóficas subjacentes que constituem a sua base. Também fornece um argumento de que essas considerações podem ser usadas como uma estrutura para a compreensão de muitos desafios contemporâneos e responsabilidade ética na era tecnológica. Palavras-chave: Hans Jonas. Poder. Tecnologia. Ética da Responsabilidade. Filosofia da Tecnologia.
ARCHIVE of the HISTORY of PHILOSOPHY and SOCIAL THOUGHT, 2019
The paper presents the conception of discourse ethics proposed by Dietrich Böhler. In this concep... more The paper presents the conception of discourse ethics proposed by Dietrich Böhler. In this conception our ethical obligations stem from and should follow our relationships as partners in dialogue. I argue that each philosophical discussion needs not only the rules for conducting it, but should also show the possible points of dispute, as well as the relationship with the past and cultural factors, which could have influenced its shape. All these elements create the space for a dialogue, and should not be forgotten while we discuss and think about discourse, rules of discussion and possible misunderstandings. To have a conversation one needs space for disagreement, as well as a possibility of critical analysis of discussion rules, so that we can decide whether they should be changed or not. In my opinion Dietrich Böhler's proposition does not leave enough space for making such changes. KEYWORDS: discourse • discourse ethics • rules of discourse • conflict • politics • relativism • universalism
The paper searches for the inspirations of Hans Jonas’s philosophy. The title, 'longing', is base... more The paper searches for the inspirations of Hans Jonas’s philosophy. The title, 'longing', is based on the concepts and ideas, which are critically analyzed by Jonas. The paper shows the connection between the way Jonas described the challenges we have with the concept of nature, teleology, the beginning of modern science and the positive ideas he wanted to defend, the ideas he was longing for.
Technological progress and its consequences have strongly changed the way we live. This process h... more Technological progress and its consequences have strongly changed the way we live. This process has initiated a lot of philosophical and ethical reflections. Many of those reflections show us what is wrong with our attitude towards technology and that there are parts of technological development which lead to ill consequences. My thesis
is that a part of a problem with technology is our understanding of it. The better philosophical concept of notion of technology can lead us to finding a way of using
technology as a tool for making the world a good place
to live. In my paper I present three ways of understanding technology and it's place in society. According to Hans Jonas we should be responsible for future generations and avoid situations, which could be dangerous for them. This embrace taking control over technology and avoiding catastrophes, which could be started by our inventions. Ivan Illich in Tools for Conviviality shows that using technologies is leading to such problems as bureaucratization and monopolization of our lives by scientifically justified practices. Kevin Kelly wrote about technology as a part of evolutional process. He highlights
that technology can be seen as a tool to make our development faster. I use those ideas to propose a more diversified concept of technology. I show that we
need to provide criteria of good and bad aspects of technology and start to think about different types of technological development – those which
we would like to spread and those which we should not let to appear.
The article presents the axiological aspects of mobility management. On selected examples of spac... more The article presents the axiological aspects of mobility management. On selected examples of space design, illustrated with pictures from Polish cities, it shows how choices in the area of organization of transport and space are connected with values, even if the authorities are unaware of the ethical aspects of their choices. The examples analyzed in the article were selected to demonstrate how values can differ in different space designs. At the same time they highlight the importance of ethical issues raised by planning mobility in cities. They aim of the article is providing the reader with pictures and accurate descriptions of model situations, in order to introduce these issues to a broader public and show the ethical dimension of city planning to readers not familiar with these issues.
Artykuł przedstawia poglądy Hansa Jonasa na temat tego, jak ludzie odnoszą się do wszechświata. S... more Artykuł przedstawia poglądy Hansa Jonasa na temat tego, jak ludzie odnoszą się do wszechświata. Szczególny nacisk położony został na pokazanie przemian, które zaszły na
przestrzeni wieków w postrzeganiu kategorii życia i śmierci. Opisanie tych kategorii pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie, dlaczego świat przestał być postrzegany jako miejsce nadające ludzkiej egzystencji sens i znaczenie, a zaczął być miejscem, w którym człowiek stanowi obcy element.
Tekst uporządkowany jest chronologicznie. Wybór epok i prądów filozoficznych, które zostały
omówione, podporządkowany jest ukazaniu najważniejszych momentów wspomnianych procesów. Z tego względu, najwięcej miejsca poświęcono opisaniu relacji człowieka do świata w starożytnej Grecji, w ramach filozofii stoickiej i gnostyckiej, w czasach nowożytnych i w egzystencjalizmie. W ramach omawiania czasów nowożytnych, zwraca się uwagę na istotną rolę, którą w tych przemianach miało pojawienie się nauk przyrodniczych.
The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom... more The article describes the connections between theoretical assumptions concerning teaching freedom and the role of authority in education. It also presents Rene Girard’s idea of sacrificial crisis and uses it as an interpretative technique to understand conceptual, bureaucratic, and neoliberal forms of hiding violence. Finally, the author formulates remarks concerning the importance of making violence visible and distinguishing between its manifold forms and cases.
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is that a part of a problem with technology is our understanding of it. The better philosophical concept of notion of technology can lead us to finding a way of using
technology as a tool for making the world a good place
to live. In my paper I present three ways of understanding technology and it's place in society. According to Hans Jonas we should be responsible for future generations and avoid situations, which could be dangerous for them. This embrace taking control over technology and avoiding catastrophes, which could be started by our inventions. Ivan Illich in Tools for Conviviality shows that using technologies is leading to such problems as bureaucratization and monopolization of our lives by scientifically justified practices. Kevin Kelly wrote about technology as a part of evolutional process. He highlights
that technology can be seen as a tool to make our development faster. I use those ideas to propose a more diversified concept of technology. I show that we
need to provide criteria of good and bad aspects of technology and start to think about different types of technological development – those which
we would like to spread and those which we should not let to appear.
przestrzeni wieków w postrzeganiu kategorii życia i śmierci. Opisanie tych kategorii pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie, dlaczego świat przestał być postrzegany jako miejsce nadające ludzkiej egzystencji sens i znaczenie, a zaczął być miejscem, w którym człowiek stanowi obcy element.
Tekst uporządkowany jest chronologicznie. Wybór epok i prądów filozoficznych, które zostały
omówione, podporządkowany jest ukazaniu najważniejszych momentów wspomnianych procesów. Z tego względu, najwięcej miejsca poświęcono opisaniu relacji człowieka do świata w starożytnej Grecji, w ramach filozofii stoickiej i gnostyckiej, w czasach nowożytnych i w egzystencjalizmie. W ramach omawiania czasów nowożytnych, zwraca się uwagę na istotną rolę, którą w tych przemianach miało pojawienie się nauk przyrodniczych.
is that a part of a problem with technology is our understanding of it. The better philosophical concept of notion of technology can lead us to finding a way of using
technology as a tool for making the world a good place
to live. In my paper I present three ways of understanding technology and it's place in society. According to Hans Jonas we should be responsible for future generations and avoid situations, which could be dangerous for them. This embrace taking control over technology and avoiding catastrophes, which could be started by our inventions. Ivan Illich in Tools for Conviviality shows that using technologies is leading to such problems as bureaucratization and monopolization of our lives by scientifically justified practices. Kevin Kelly wrote about technology as a part of evolutional process. He highlights
that technology can be seen as a tool to make our development faster. I use those ideas to propose a more diversified concept of technology. I show that we
need to provide criteria of good and bad aspects of technology and start to think about different types of technological development – those which
we would like to spread and those which we should not let to appear.
przestrzeni wieków w postrzeganiu kategorii życia i śmierci. Opisanie tych kategorii pozwala na lepsze zrozumienie, dlaczego świat przestał być postrzegany jako miejsce nadające ludzkiej egzystencji sens i znaczenie, a zaczął być miejscem, w którym człowiek stanowi obcy element.
Tekst uporządkowany jest chronologicznie. Wybór epok i prądów filozoficznych, które zostały
omówione, podporządkowany jest ukazaniu najważniejszych momentów wspomnianych procesów. Z tego względu, najwięcej miejsca poświęcono opisaniu relacji człowieka do świata w starożytnej Grecji, w ramach filozofii stoickiej i gnostyckiej, w czasach nowożytnych i w egzystencjalizmie. W ramach omawiania czasów nowożytnych, zwraca się uwagę na istotną rolę, którą w tych przemianach miało pojawienie się nauk przyrodniczych.