The aim of this paper is to present discussions on the construction health and safety skills supp... more The aim of this paper is to present discussions on the construction health and safety skills supply on construction sites in Tanzania. Specifically, the study focuses on the contents and methods for supplying health and safety skills to the casual labourers on construction sites. A mixed approach research type was used and questionnaires were administered to 180 casual labourers and 42 safety officers and gang supervisors on six construction sites. The response rate was 81% equating to 180 fairly filled questionnaires. The results were enhanced through interview with six site managers and observation of site activities. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, Relative Agreement Index (RAI) and content analysis. The findings indicate that health and safety skills are predominantly supplied to construction casual labourers informally through practical experiences, briefing toolbox meetings and informal discussions whereby tactic and explicit knowledge was generated. The s...
Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is ... more Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is more severe to developing countries and Tanzania particularly.There are numerous factors causing delays and cost overrun in building projects, but their frequency of occurrence and degree of severity vary considerably. The main objective of this study was to identify and rank critical factors causing delay and cost overrun in building project in Dar-Es-Salaam. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire to clients, consultants and contractors. Respondents were random selected. Out of 75 distributed questionnaires, only 47 were returned. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and ranked according to frequency index and severity index. The finding revealed that; delay in decision making, incomplete design and estimate at the time of tender, improvement of standard drawings/design changes during construction stage and errors and omission in drawings and in the bill of quan...
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 2017
Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of ... more Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of various efforts which are in place. However how workers in construction sites are informed on health and safety risks is obvious important factors in implementation of initiatives. This paper therefore aimed at understanding communication mechanism of health and safety risk information in construction sites. The essence is to examine what methods used for communication of risk information, the nature of these senders (communicators) and receivers (workers), the context of risk message and challenges on risk communication. A multiple case study strategy was adopted in this research whereby six large on-going construction sites were selected basing on convenient sampling techniques. Within the site, structured interview and focus group discussion were used. Non-participatory observation was also used to collect data. The study reveals that multiplicity of communication channels and methods play out simultaneously in communication of risk information within construction sites. However, toolbox meeting was predominantly methods. This being the case, the environment for conducting effective toolbox meetings remains a challenge on many sites. On the other hand, site officers were the main senders of communicating health and safety risk information to the workers. However, the quality of the sender in terms of health and safety skills as well as experiences was found to influences health and safety risk communication. The findings provide the basis for suggesting areas where employers and managers can make interventions to enable safe and healthy working specifically focusing on risk communication.
International Journal of Social Science Research and Review
Practice-based learning (PBL) pathways is considered to be predominant approach for craftsmen lea... more Practice-based learning (PBL) pathways is considered to be predominant approach for craftsmen learning and acquisition of knowledge and skills in many other developing countries, Tanzania inclusive. The skills and knowledge acquired through this pathway is accepted by both employers and educational stakeholders. However, the workplace context where learning learning and skills is acquired differ across the construction sector due to unique nature of the construction projects, something that can potentially influence the learning and learning trajectory of the learner across similar or different trades. Nonetheless, there exists a contraversy on how different learning and learning trajectories are influenced by different working context of the learning across different sectors. Based on the interview to the selected experienced craftsmen from construction sector, this study critically examined the craftsman learning experiences across the learning trajectories during work practices. ...
International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2018
Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resou... more Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resources or having harmful impacts on the environment. However, there is limited knowledge on how this desire is implemented by contractors in construction sites in developing countries. Therefore, this paper examines the nature of sustainable construction management practices implemented by contractors during construction phase for the purpose of mitigating environmental impacts. Questionnaire survey was adopted whereby 121 questionnaires were distributed to site managers, site engineers, foreman and gang supervisors from large on-going construction sites in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Large on-going construction sites were selected through purposive sampling. The Collected data were coded and analysed using descriptive statistics Package (SPSS). Findings revealed that the most implemented sustainable practices in construction sites include reuse of construction materials, separation of waste ...
The construction industry is an important part of the economy in many countries and is often seen... more The construction industry is an important part of the economy in many countries and is often seen as a driver of economic growth especially in developing countries. Owing to its relatively labour intensive nature, construction works provide opportunities for employment for a wide range of people skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. Despite its importance, construction industries are considered risky with frequent and high accidents rates and ill-health problems to workers, practitioners and end users. However, knowledge on how health and safety risks are managed on Tanzanian construction sites is limited. This study therefore, aims to find out the current practice of health and safety risk assessment, risk communication and risk control in Tanzanian context. In pursuing this objective, the case study strategy was adopted whereby two construction sites in Dar es Salaam were selected through convenience sampling. The findings of the study show that all responsibility on risk managemen...
Labour-based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by international organisations such as th... more Labour-based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by international organisations such as the International Labour Organisation (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank, to address poverty, unemployment and infrastructure provision especially in informal urban settlements. More emphasis has been placed on using the LBT approach in subSaharan countries where unprecedented urbanisation is taking place leading to the formation of informal settlements, high levels of unemployment accompanied by poverty. The LBT approach has been implemented in many developing countries. However, there is little available evidence of the long-term impact of LBT on poverty alleviation and employment creation opportunities. This article reports on employment creation opportunities and poverty alleviation while delivering infrastructure using LBT in informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A qualitative research approach was used which included personal interviews o...
Construction projects constitute complex and dynamic systems, which pose high health and safety r... more Construction projects constitute complex and dynamic systems, which pose high health and safety risks to the practitioners. As a result, many researchers have underscored the importance of risk management that requires inputs from all stakeholders across different stages of the construction project from the design up to the construction phase. However, there is a limited knowledge about stakeholders’ influence on health and safety risk management in building construction projects in Tanzania. To fill this gap, a case study approach was employed to analyse three large ongoing construction projects in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Data were collected through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview with a range of stakeholders: clients, consultants, contractors, workers and regulatory agencies. From the findings and with reference to literature, the systems thinking approach was used to develop a model showing the stakeholders’ influence on health and safety risk management. The patte...
PARIPEX - Indian Journal of Research, (IJR)., 2018
Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is ... more Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is more severe to developing countries and Tanzania particularly.There are numerous factors causing delays and cost overrun in building projects, but their frequency of occurrence and degree of severity vary considerably. The main objective of this study was to identify and rank critical factors causing delay and cost overrun in building project in DarEs -Salaam. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire to clients, consultants and contractors. Respondents were random selected. Out of 75 distributed questionnaires, only 47 were returned. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and ranked according to frequency index and severity index. The finding revealed that; delay in decision making, incomplete design and estimate at the time of tender, improvement of standard drawings/design changes during construction stage and errors and omission in drawings and in the bill of quan...
Key project stakeholders such as clients, consultant teams, contractors and workers have differen... more Key project stakeholders such as clients, consultant teams, contractors and workers have different sources of power to implement projects. How these powers influence health and safety risk management is not well documented. This article therefore assesses the perception and uses of stakeholders' power on health and safety in risk management in construction projects in Tanzania, specifically focuses on sources and types of power, how stakeholders perceive their power, how they use power on health and safety risk management, and what factors hinders their use of power. A case study strategy was adopted and four large ongoing construction projects in Dar es Salaam Tanzania were involved. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with clients, consultants, contractors and construction workers. Findings indicate that stakeholders have different sources of power such as technical expertise, legitimate, political position, resources information to influence health and safety risk management. Nonetheless, the use of these powers was generally limited due to low level of knowledge on health and safety risk management among stakeholders, wrong perception on their roles, insufficient health and safety regulations and weak procurement system. The research recommends that, in order to realize health and safety performance through using stakeholder's power, there is a need of clear definition of stakeholders' role and responsibilities on health and safety, wide knowledge and experiences on health and safety risk management, strong regulatory system and procurement system.
Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resou... more Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resources or having harmful impacts on the environment. However, there is limited knowledge on how this desire is implemented by contractors in construction sites in developing countries. Therefore, this paper examines the nature of sustainable construction management practices implemented by contractors during construction phase for the purpose of mitigating environmental impacts. Questionnaire survey was adopted whereby 121 questionnaires were distributed to site managers, site engineers, foreman and gang supervisors from large ongoing construction sites in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Large ongoing construction sites were selected through purposive sampling. The Collected data were coded and analysed using descriptive statistics Package (SPSS). Findings revealed that the most implemented sustainable practices in construction sites include reuse of construction materials, separation of waste skips on sites, selection of plants which are more efficient and master switch. The study further reveals that low contractors' level of knowledge on sustainable practices, relaxed regulations and negative perception are common challenges for implementing sustainable practices in construction sites. The study recommends that, effective training for contractors, providing them with up to date information on costs and benefits of sustainable construction practices and effective implementation of regulations is required to improve sustainable construction practices in construction sites.
Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of ... more Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of various efforts which are in place. However how workers in construction sites are informed on health and safety risks is obvious important factors in implementation of initiatives. This paper therefore aimed at understanding communication mechanism of health and safety risk information in construction sites. The essence is to examine what methods used for communication of risk information, the nature of these senders (communicators) and receivers (workers), the context of risk message and challenges on risk communication. A multiple case study strategy was adopted in this research whereby six large ongoing construction sites were selected basing on convenient sampling techniques. Within the site, structured interview and focus group discussion were used. Non-participatory observation was also used to collect data. The study reveals that multiplicity of communication channels and methods play out simultaneously in communication of risk information within construction sites. However, toolbox meeting was predominantly methods. This being the case, the environment for conducting effective toolbox meetings remains a challenge on many sites. On the other hand, site officers were the main senders of communicating health and safety risk information to the workers. However, the quality of the sender in terms of health and safety skills as well as experiences was found to influences health and safety risk communication. The findings provide the basis for suggesting areas where employers and managers can make interventions to enable safe and healthy working specifically focusing on risk communication.
The aim of this paper is to present discussions on the construction health and safety skills supp... more The aim of this paper is to present discussions on the construction health and safety skills supply on construction sites in Tanzania. Specifically, the study focuses on the contents and methods for supplying health and safety skills to the casual labourers on construction sites. A mixed approach research type was used and questionnaires were administered to 180 casual labourers and 42 safety officers and gang supervisors on six construction sites. The response rate was 81% equating to 180 fairly filled questionnaires. The results were enhanced through interview with six site managers and observation of site activities. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, Relative Agreement Index (RAI) and content analysis. The findings indicate that health and safety skills are predominantly supplied to construction casual labourers informally through practical experiences, briefing toolbox meetings and informal discussions whereby tactic and explicit knowledge was generated. The s...
Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is ... more Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is more severe to developing countries and Tanzania particularly.There are numerous factors causing delays and cost overrun in building projects, but their frequency of occurrence and degree of severity vary considerably. The main objective of this study was to identify and rank critical factors causing delay and cost overrun in building project in Dar-Es-Salaam. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire to clients, consultants and contractors. Respondents were random selected. Out of 75 distributed questionnaires, only 47 were returned. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and ranked according to frequency index and severity index. The finding revealed that; delay in decision making, incomplete design and estimate at the time of tender, improvement of standard drawings/design changes during construction stage and errors and omission in drawings and in the bill of quan...
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 2017
Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of ... more Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of various efforts which are in place. However how workers in construction sites are informed on health and safety risks is obvious important factors in implementation of initiatives. This paper therefore aimed at understanding communication mechanism of health and safety risk information in construction sites. The essence is to examine what methods used for communication of risk information, the nature of these senders (communicators) and receivers (workers), the context of risk message and challenges on risk communication. A multiple case study strategy was adopted in this research whereby six large on-going construction sites were selected basing on convenient sampling techniques. Within the site, structured interview and focus group discussion were used. Non-participatory observation was also used to collect data. The study reveals that multiplicity of communication channels and methods play out simultaneously in communication of risk information within construction sites. However, toolbox meeting was predominantly methods. This being the case, the environment for conducting effective toolbox meetings remains a challenge on many sites. On the other hand, site officers were the main senders of communicating health and safety risk information to the workers. However, the quality of the sender in terms of health and safety skills as well as experiences was found to influences health and safety risk communication. The findings provide the basis for suggesting areas where employers and managers can make interventions to enable safe and healthy working specifically focusing on risk communication.
International Journal of Social Science Research and Review
Practice-based learning (PBL) pathways is considered to be predominant approach for craftsmen lea... more Practice-based learning (PBL) pathways is considered to be predominant approach for craftsmen learning and acquisition of knowledge and skills in many other developing countries, Tanzania inclusive. The skills and knowledge acquired through this pathway is accepted by both employers and educational stakeholders. However, the workplace context where learning learning and skills is acquired differ across the construction sector due to unique nature of the construction projects, something that can potentially influence the learning and learning trajectory of the learner across similar or different trades. Nonetheless, there exists a contraversy on how different learning and learning trajectories are influenced by different working context of the learning across different sectors. Based on the interview to the selected experienced craftsmen from construction sector, this study critically examined the craftsman learning experiences across the learning trajectories during work practices. ...
International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2018
Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resou... more Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resources or having harmful impacts on the environment. However, there is limited knowledge on how this desire is implemented by contractors in construction sites in developing countries. Therefore, this paper examines the nature of sustainable construction management practices implemented by contractors during construction phase for the purpose of mitigating environmental impacts. Questionnaire survey was adopted whereby 121 questionnaires were distributed to site managers, site engineers, foreman and gang supervisors from large on-going construction sites in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Large on-going construction sites were selected through purposive sampling. The Collected data were coded and analysed using descriptive statistics Package (SPSS). Findings revealed that the most implemented sustainable practices in construction sites include reuse of construction materials, separation of waste ...
The construction industry is an important part of the economy in many countries and is often seen... more The construction industry is an important part of the economy in many countries and is often seen as a driver of economic growth especially in developing countries. Owing to its relatively labour intensive nature, construction works provide opportunities for employment for a wide range of people skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. Despite its importance, construction industries are considered risky with frequent and high accidents rates and ill-health problems to workers, practitioners and end users. However, knowledge on how health and safety risks are managed on Tanzanian construction sites is limited. This study therefore, aims to find out the current practice of health and safety risk assessment, risk communication and risk control in Tanzanian context. In pursuing this objective, the case study strategy was adopted whereby two construction sites in Dar es Salaam were selected through convenience sampling. The findings of the study show that all responsibility on risk managemen...
Labour-based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by international organisations such as th... more Labour-based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by international organisations such as the International Labour Organisation (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank, to address poverty, unemployment and infrastructure provision especially in informal urban settlements. More emphasis has been placed on using the LBT approach in subSaharan countries where unprecedented urbanisation is taking place leading to the formation of informal settlements, high levels of unemployment accompanied by poverty. The LBT approach has been implemented in many developing countries. However, there is little available evidence of the long-term impact of LBT on poverty alleviation and employment creation opportunities. This article reports on employment creation opportunities and poverty alleviation while delivering infrastructure using LBT in informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A qualitative research approach was used which included personal interviews o...
Construction projects constitute complex and dynamic systems, which pose high health and safety r... more Construction projects constitute complex and dynamic systems, which pose high health and safety risks to the practitioners. As a result, many researchers have underscored the importance of risk management that requires inputs from all stakeholders across different stages of the construction project from the design up to the construction phase. However, there is a limited knowledge about stakeholders’ influence on health and safety risk management in building construction projects in Tanzania. To fill this gap, a case study approach was employed to analyse three large ongoing construction projects in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Data were collected through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview with a range of stakeholders: clients, consultants, contractors, workers and regulatory agencies. From the findings and with reference to literature, the systems thinking approach was used to develop a model showing the stakeholders’ influence on health and safety risk management. The patte...
PARIPEX - Indian Journal of Research, (IJR)., 2018
Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is ... more Construction delays and cost overrun are common problems inbuilding construction projects and is more severe to developing countries and Tanzania particularly.There are numerous factors causing delays and cost overrun in building projects, but their frequency of occurrence and degree of severity vary considerably. The main objective of this study was to identify and rank critical factors causing delay and cost overrun in building project in DarEs -Salaam. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire to clients, consultants and contractors. Respondents were random selected. Out of 75 distributed questionnaires, only 47 were returned. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and ranked according to frequency index and severity index. The finding revealed that; delay in decision making, incomplete design and estimate at the time of tender, improvement of standard drawings/design changes during construction stage and errors and omission in drawings and in the bill of quan...
Key project stakeholders such as clients, consultant teams, contractors and workers have differen... more Key project stakeholders such as clients, consultant teams, contractors and workers have different sources of power to implement projects. How these powers influence health and safety risk management is not well documented. This article therefore assesses the perception and uses of stakeholders' power on health and safety in risk management in construction projects in Tanzania, specifically focuses on sources and types of power, how stakeholders perceive their power, how they use power on health and safety risk management, and what factors hinders their use of power. A case study strategy was adopted and four large ongoing construction projects in Dar es Salaam Tanzania were involved. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with clients, consultants, contractors and construction workers. Findings indicate that stakeholders have different sources of power such as technical expertise, legitimate, political position, resources information to influence health and safety risk management. Nonetheless, the use of these powers was generally limited due to low level of knowledge on health and safety risk management among stakeholders, wrong perception on their roles, insufficient health and safety regulations and weak procurement system. The research recommends that, in order to realize health and safety performance through using stakeholder's power, there is a need of clear definition of stakeholders' role and responsibilities on health and safety, wide knowledge and experiences on health and safety risk management, strong regulatory system and procurement system.
Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resou... more Sustainability is initially described as a desire to carry out activities without depleting resources or having harmful impacts on the environment. However, there is limited knowledge on how this desire is implemented by contractors in construction sites in developing countries. Therefore, this paper examines the nature of sustainable construction management practices implemented by contractors during construction phase for the purpose of mitigating environmental impacts. Questionnaire survey was adopted whereby 121 questionnaires were distributed to site managers, site engineers, foreman and gang supervisors from large ongoing construction sites in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Large ongoing construction sites were selected through purposive sampling. The Collected data were coded and analysed using descriptive statistics Package (SPSS). Findings revealed that the most implemented sustainable practices in construction sites include reuse of construction materials, separation of waste skips on sites, selection of plants which are more efficient and master switch. The study further reveals that low contractors' level of knowledge on sustainable practices, relaxed regulations and negative perception are common challenges for implementing sustainable practices in construction sites. The study recommends that, effective training for contractors, providing them with up to date information on costs and benefits of sustainable construction practices and effective implementation of regulations is required to improve sustainable construction practices in construction sites.
Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of ... more Many workers in construction sites are still subjected to high health and safety risk despite of various efforts which are in place. However how workers in construction sites are informed on health and safety risks is obvious important factors in implementation of initiatives. This paper therefore aimed at understanding communication mechanism of health and safety risk information in construction sites. The essence is to examine what methods used for communication of risk information, the nature of these senders (communicators) and receivers (workers), the context of risk message and challenges on risk communication. A multiple case study strategy was adopted in this research whereby six large ongoing construction sites were selected basing on convenient sampling techniques. Within the site, structured interview and focus group discussion were used. Non-participatory observation was also used to collect data. The study reveals that multiplicity of communication channels and methods play out simultaneously in communication of risk information within construction sites. However, toolbox meeting was predominantly methods. This being the case, the environment for conducting effective toolbox meetings remains a challenge on many sites. On the other hand, site officers were the main senders of communicating health and safety risk information to the workers. However, the quality of the sender in terms of health and safety skills as well as experiences was found to influences health and safety risk communication. The findings provide the basis for suggesting areas where employers and managers can make interventions to enable safe and healthy working specifically focusing on risk communication.
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