This commentary argues that James Gibson’s contribution to the field of perception can be best un... more This commentary argues that James Gibson’s contribution to the field of perception can be best understood as a set of heuristics that directs researchers to describe the stimulus information that makes it possible for animals to function effectively in the environment in which they evolved. He argued that the description of stimulation provided by traditional physics could not account for veridical perception and needed to be replaced by a new, biologically relevant ecological description of the input for perceptual functioning. (Cog Crit 1: 31-41, 2008)
This study investigated 5-, 6-and 7-month-old infants' perception of the corridor illusi... more This study investigated 5-, 6-and 7-month-old infants' perception of the corridor illusion (n = 20 to 24 in each age group). The two older age groups were tested under monocular and binocular conditions and the youngest group viewed the displays binocularly. After 4 habituation ...
The development of space perception refers to the changing processes that take place within an or... more The development of space perception refers to the changing processes that take place within an organism that make possible the control of action based on knowledge of the three-dimensional layout of the environment. Development refers to both the consequences of experience and the maturation of sensory and perceptual mechanisms. Keywords: infancy; depth perception; pictorial depth cues; binocular depth cues; motion-carried depth
ABSTRACT An Ames (1951, Psychological Monographs, 65(1, Whole No. 324)) static trapezoidal window... more ABSTRACT An Ames (1951, Psychological Monographs, 65(1, Whole No. 324)) static trapezoidal window, under monocular view, was used to test young infants' responsiveness to pictorial depth. When adults view this display monocularly with the smaller side of the window rotated toward them, they report that the orientation of the display becomes ambiguous: When the head is moved, the window may appear to be in the fronto-parallel plane or either side may appear closer. The 7-month-olds we tested appeared to experience a similar ambiguity; they reached to the near side of the rotated trapezoidal window with significantly less consistency or directedness than infants in a control group tested with a rotated object that lacked pictorial depth information. When 5-month-olds were tested, however, they reached with equal consistency to the closer side of the trapezoidal window and of the control display, apparently uninfluenced by the pictorial depth information available in the trapezoidal window. Thus, sensitivity to the pictorial information for depth that is present in the trapezoidal window appears to develop after the age of 22 weeks.
The goal of this work is to understand how the processing of motion under the conditions created ... more The goal of this work is to understand how the processing of motion under the conditions created by blowing snow causes drivers to fail to detect that they are approaching a vehicle ahead. Color was examined under blowing snow conditions to assess whether an equiluminant (equal ...
This commentary argues that James Gibson’s contribution to the field of perception can be best un... more This commentary argues that James Gibson’s contribution to the field of perception can be best understood as a set of heuristics that directs researchers to describe the stimulus information that makes it possible for animals to function effectively in the environment in which they evolved. He argued that the description of stimulation provided by traditional physics could not account for veridical perception and needed to be replaced by a new, biologically relevant ecological description of the input for perceptual functioning. (Cog Crit 1: 31-41, 2008)
This study investigated 5-, 6-and 7-month-old infants' perception of the corridor illusi... more This study investigated 5-, 6-and 7-month-old infants' perception of the corridor illusion (n = 20 to 24 in each age group). The two older age groups were tested under monocular and binocular conditions and the youngest group viewed the displays binocularly. After 4 habituation ...
The development of space perception refers to the changing processes that take place within an or... more The development of space perception refers to the changing processes that take place within an organism that make possible the control of action based on knowledge of the three-dimensional layout of the environment. Development refers to both the consequences of experience and the maturation of sensory and perceptual mechanisms. Keywords: infancy; depth perception; pictorial depth cues; binocular depth cues; motion-carried depth
ABSTRACT An Ames (1951, Psychological Monographs, 65(1, Whole No. 324)) static trapezoidal window... more ABSTRACT An Ames (1951, Psychological Monographs, 65(1, Whole No. 324)) static trapezoidal window, under monocular view, was used to test young infants' responsiveness to pictorial depth. When adults view this display monocularly with the smaller side of the window rotated toward them, they report that the orientation of the display becomes ambiguous: When the head is moved, the window may appear to be in the fronto-parallel plane or either side may appear closer. The 7-month-olds we tested appeared to experience a similar ambiguity; they reached to the near side of the rotated trapezoidal window with significantly less consistency or directedness than infants in a control group tested with a rotated object that lacked pictorial depth information. When 5-month-olds were tested, however, they reached with equal consistency to the closer side of the trapezoidal window and of the control display, apparently uninfluenced by the pictorial depth information available in the trapezoidal window. Thus, sensitivity to the pictorial information for depth that is present in the trapezoidal window appears to develop after the age of 22 weeks.
The goal of this work is to understand how the processing of motion under the conditions created ... more The goal of this work is to understand how the processing of motion under the conditions created by blowing snow causes drivers to fail to detect that they are approaching a vehicle ahead. Color was examined under blowing snow conditions to assess whether an equiluminant (equal ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy i... more This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial Abstract To investigate the processing of linear perspective and binocular information for action and for the perceptual judgment of depth, we presented viewers with an actual Ames trapezoidal window. The display, when presented perpendicular to the line of sight, provided perspective information for a rectangular window slanted in depth, while binocular information specified a planar surface in the fronto-parallel plane. We compared pointing towards the display-edges with perceptual judgment of their positions in depth as the display orientation was varied under monocular and binocular view. On monocular trials, pointing and depth judgment were based on the perspective information and failed to respond accurately to changes in display orientation because pictorial information did not vary sufficiently to specify the small differences in orientation. For binocular trials, pointing was based on binocular information and precisely matched the changes in display orientation whereas depth judgment was short of such adjustment and based upon both binocular and perspective-specified slant information. The finding, that on binocular trials pointing was considerably less responsive to the illusion than perceptual judgment, supports an account of two separate processing streams in the human visual system, a ventral pathway involved in object recognition and a dorsal pathway that produces visual information for the control of actions. Previously, similar differences between perception and action were explained by an alternate explanation, that is, viewers selectively attend to different parts of a display in the two tasks. The finding that under monocular view participants responded to perspective information in both the action and the perception task rules out the attention-based argument. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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