Drafts by Sk Nafiz Rahaman
In our daily life, we produce a huge amount of waste. Sometimes we dump that waste in the dustbin... more In our daily life, we produce a huge amount of waste. Sometimes we dump that waste in the dustbin but sometimes we just through that waste in an open place. If the wastes are not cleaned or removed, environmental pollutions and various diseases have occurred. So it is important to remove the waste daily. And that important duty is done by the Conservancy Division. In this report, the responsibility of providers and receivers of Municipal Conservancy Department of KCC are defined. The main responsibilities of Conservancy Department are drain cleaning, reducing waterlogging, mosquito elimination activities, removal of garbage, removal of clinical waste, Sanitation activities, removal of dead animals, cleaning cemeteries/cremation grounds, special cleanliness during the sacrifice, etc. The main providers of Conservancy Department of Khulna City are the chairman, waste management permanent committee, CEO, KCC secretary, and Chief Waste Management Officer KCC. Conservancy Department divided each ward of KCC into ten sections according to the road name. The management committee of the Conservancy Department of Khulna City is formed by the chairman, waste management permanent committee, CEO, KCC secretary, and Chief Waste Management Officer KCC. Some waste collectors are appointed to collect daily waste from each household. Beside collecting waste Conservancy Department also provide dustbins for dumping waste and manage the waste. Some workers are engaged by the Conservancy Department of KCC for collecting daily waste. KCC collects around 400 tons’ waste daily but it generates approximately 550 to 600 tons of solid waste. A large portion of waste is generated in industrial are. Some waste collectors are appointed to collect daily waste from each household. They collect waste from the selected households in the selected ward. Beside collecting waste Conservancy Department also provide dustbins for dumping waste and manage the waste.
Background of the Study:
The world is now so diverse and dense in case of population and man made... more Background of the Study:
The world is now so diverse and dense in case of population and man made
resource. These diversification and urban sprawl is generating different kind of
consequences in verge of time. Mainly the attraction of urban area is increasing
day by day as the basic economy is depending mainly on the urban output. The
developed countries are facing consequences too but the main challenge is for
developing countries like Bangladesh. The migration from rural to urban and
urban agglomeration is making the urban life more complicated and dense.
This densification is rising problems for one of the basic need of human life that
is housing. This report is based on this problem and its strategies and planning
that can be taken to overcome these challenges.
The report is based on Khulna city, one of the major divisional district of
Bangladesh. The report is not covering the whole Khulna city but its particular
ward areas that is 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11. The study area is being showed in the next
chapter.
The report will also take the help of the previous task that has been taken which
is Housing Stress Mapping. In that report the main target was to identify the
most stressed areas that means the areas that are lacking housing and other
necessary facilities. In this report the areas that were highly stressed in the
previous report will be focused. Also the recommendations for planning the
area is being focused on this report. Since the target population us a small
fraction of the city dwellers, “Housing Needs” and “Housing Targets” are
being ignored in this task.
Background of the Study:
Health facility is a major concern for any developing countries like Ban... more Background of the Study:
Health facility is a major concern for any developing countries like Bangladesh. As
Bangladesh is in a monsoon region and seasonal change has a major effect in the life
style, different kinds of severe and non-severe diseases are being encountered by the
people. In this case, proper medical care is an important need to boost up manpower
and also to protect future generation. In this report, the main concern will be on Khulna
city and its hospital. The report will show the area that is suitable for establishing a
public hospital in Khulna city through GIS analysis.
Khulna City Corporation is one of the important divisional city corporation in
Bangladesh. According to Khulna Detailed Area Plan Map the total area of Khulna City
Corporation is about 11160 acres. As the city is situated beside a major river, Rupsha
and also vast with industrial and commercial sectors, the population concentration is
noticeably high. Also Khulna is a low income city and most of the population is mainly
Middle class and low class in income. So for health facilities, public hospital is the main
concentration for this city.
In Bangladesh the private facilities are very costly and middle class and low class
families can’t afford this. So, people wants to go to public hospital, as they are cheap.
Though they are not so comfortable and the service quality is low but as it is running
with public’s money and also a nonprofit institutions, people always think public
hospital as a trustworthy place. But there are 56 hospitals in Khulna where only 3 of
them is public.
The report is going to analysis the whole Khulna city and its different facilities and
criteria related to hospital establishment. The output of the report is showing different
suitable sites for establishing a hospital. From all those site, a particular suitable site
will be selected for the final proposal. ArcMap will be used to find conduct the analysis
related with this task.
Introduction: Human societies are diversifying more intensely and kind of rationally. When all th... more Introduction: Human societies are diversifying more intensely and kind of rationally. When all the countries of the globe have different kind of natural resources, the main problem is in its distribution and demand. Resources are being overused, mainly the common pool resources that are not excludable but rival. This rivalry is not only affecting the resource management and utilization but also manipulating the global and local politics too. Political and financial instability of different African countries could be an important global example as the continent Africa is vast with rare natural resources. But this global problem is more affective in local levels. When the scale is being decreased to urban and rural context, the problems are more severe as other externalities of the environment and society is promoting this problem, regarding with natural resources.
In the field of natural resource management, different concepts have been taken to avoid these kind of local and global problems related with common pool resources. Nobel Prize winning economist Elinor Ostrom (1993-2012), who revealed the limitations of early age resource management theories and problems like Garrett Hardin’s (1915-2003) “Tragedy of the Commons”, also gave an insight about institutions and institutional framework that can be used to control the problems regarding with natural resources. She defines institutions as some injunctions that are used by humans for reliable and particular interaction, that can be based on households, communities and other interactional units in the community. This kind of rules and regulations can be profitable and also non-profitable in some case. Also she and other co-authors argued that, institutions are the rules of the game, when we are seeing the whole natural resource system in the eyes of mathematical game theories (Ostrom, 2009).
This assignment is going to evaluate the role of institutions that are effecting in the field of natural resource management. The main goal of this study is to critically review the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) and also the Institutional Analysis Framework developed by Elinor Ostrom. Also basic theories of natural resource management will also be evaluated to find the role of institutions for these theories. The assignment is going to find some real world examples of different natural resources that are available around the world and the examples that are already being adapted to explain the roles of institutions. The assignment is not only based on Asia or Bangladesh context. It is also considering other countries problems and their adaptations in institutional framework.
Introduction:
Bangladesh is a developing country and now a day’s climate change has emerged as th... more Introduction:
Bangladesh is a developing country and now a day’s climate change has emerged as the
greatest threat facing the mankind today. The adverse effects of climate change
decrease the economic development, human security, and people’s fundamental rights.
Bangladesh suffers from frequent natural hazards and its vulnerability to natural
hazards also leads to climate migration. The main causes of climate migration in
Bangladesh are tidal flooding in the coastal areas and riverbank erosion in the mainland
areas, on the other hands tropical cyclones and storm also responsible for migration
from the coastal and mainland regions. In Bangladesh, 24 coastal and mainland districts
out of 64 districts, are already producing climate migrant people.
In Bangladesh more than 40 million people live in the coastal region where about 55%
are live within the 100 Km of 710 Km long from coastal belt. Most of the coastal people
are poor because they are dependent on the weather and natural resources. About 12
out of 19 districts are directly exposed to the sea for this reason, large-scale population
displacement is occurring due to natural disaster. The highest number of affected
people has been recorded after 1990. About 8.7 million of people of 30 districts from 64
districts were seriously affected by cyclone SIDR that hit in 2007. The cyclones that
occurred in 1970, 1985, 1991, 1997, 2007 and 2009 caused huge losses and displaced
millions of people from the coastal areas. In 2007, the country was ravaged by Cyclone
SIDR, which displaced 650,000 people and killed 3,447 (official record). In the year
2009, two cyclones hit the country (cyclone BIJLI, April 2009, and cyclone AILA, May
2009). About 200,000 people were displaced by cyclone BIJLI. In May 2009, cyclone
AILA mashed the coastal area and nearly 4.82 million people were affected. (Akhter. et
all, 2009).
In this report mainly discuss about those people life history who came from south
western zone in Bangladesh to Khulna city. Which factor was influenced to migrate
from those area to Khulna city and their Upward & downward mobility before & after
migration also described. Here also shows their present condition compare to before
migration.
Introduction
The present era is all about making the hard works easy. As the world’s technology
i... more Introduction
The present era is all about making the hard works easy. As the world’s technology
is growing so fast, most of the works that are related with surveying, mapping and
positioning are becoming much more easy and simple than before. As the Geo
Technology is one of the most valued and emerging branch of science, the work
with latitude and longitude became much simpler. With the help of another
technology that is satellite, the work of positioning and mapping become much
more valid and easier. This report is mainly based on Satellite data and its
maximum use and analysis.
The report is based on Khulna district. As it is a part of Remote Sensing, the report
is mainly focused on image and its classification. Satellite image is used to evaluate
the present and past situation and land use of Khulna district. Data of two times is
used in this report to find out the difference between two years. The data was
collected from European Space Agency’s (ESA) satellite Sentinel. The introduction
of Sentinel was given in previous report. In this report we will find out the basic
evaluation of the raw data, supervised classification and different statistical
analysis from the two years of images. At last we will try to find out the major
difference from these two years that are 2016 and 2018. Different kind of Remote
Sensing and Geographic Information System related software will be used in this
report that will be introduced in the report.
Abstract
In this modern era of science and technology, when people are more cautious
about their ... more Abstract
In this modern era of science and technology, when people are more cautious
about their surroundings, new paths are being invented to see the world from
different point of view. People are starting to avoid their presence for
collecting data. Rather they are using the eyes form the sky to know their
surroundings and collecting information about the world. This technology is
known as satellite system and it is one of the reliable source of data now a
days. Almost every developed countries of the world is using this technology
to collect data of the earth surface. Popular Satellite system like ESA
(European Space Agency) and USGS (United States Geological Survey) is
providing free satellite image and data that is very helpful for different
research and educational organizations. The data extraction is very simple.
Though fully accurate data cannot be found for some environmental or
technical error like fog, haze and cloud, but still the data that can be found is
reliable. Different research and educational organization is using these data
and this science is mainly known as Remote Sensing. Also the satellite image
is very important for different GIS analysis. In this report, the main focus is
collecting satellite data, preprocessing it and identifying the built up area from
it. It is a task which is under Remote Sensing course but in this case ArcGIS
software was used because it is a reliable software, both for raster data like
satellite image and also for vector data.
Papers by Sk Nafiz Rahaman
Journal of Urban Management, 2021
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (S... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the disease is highly infectious, the Global South countries are in a vulnerable situation with high urban population density and lack of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services. The situation for the urban slum dwellers and low-income group clusters are becoming worse. Lack of health and sanitation service availability has already been an issue for them before the beginning of the pandemic. So, it is predictable that adopting this massive global pandemic is a critical challenge for them. This paper assesses the sanitation service gap in urban slums, which has become a severe challenge to tackle due to COVID-19. The study areas of this research are the Ranarmath slum and the Khema slum of Khulna city, Bangladesh. The SERVQUAL model has been used to identify the quality of sanitation service available in these informal residential settlements. The interpretation of questionnaire survey data from the two slums reveals that one slum lacks Assurance and Empathy, where the other slum lacks Tangibility and Responsiveness. However, the Tangibility, Reliability, and Responsiveness condition of both slums are flawed with the lack of latrine functionalities and services from concerned authorities. The incompatibility of the condition has been identified by evaluating the WHO's different sanitation management policy for COVID-19. The research concludes that sanitation services like handwashing facilities and water supply availability in the latrine directly related to COVID-19 prevention are indigent for these slums.
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Drafts by Sk Nafiz Rahaman
The world is now so diverse and dense in case of population and man made
resource. These diversification and urban sprawl is generating different kind of
consequences in verge of time. Mainly the attraction of urban area is increasing
day by day as the basic economy is depending mainly on the urban output. The
developed countries are facing consequences too but the main challenge is for
developing countries like Bangladesh. The migration from rural to urban and
urban agglomeration is making the urban life more complicated and dense.
This densification is rising problems for one of the basic need of human life that
is housing. This report is based on this problem and its strategies and planning
that can be taken to overcome these challenges.
The report is based on Khulna city, one of the major divisional district of
Bangladesh. The report is not covering the whole Khulna city but its particular
ward areas that is 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11. The study area is being showed in the next
chapter.
The report will also take the help of the previous task that has been taken which
is Housing Stress Mapping. In that report the main target was to identify the
most stressed areas that means the areas that are lacking housing and other
necessary facilities. In this report the areas that were highly stressed in the
previous report will be focused. Also the recommendations for planning the
area is being focused on this report. Since the target population us a small
fraction of the city dwellers, “Housing Needs” and “Housing Targets” are
being ignored in this task.
Health facility is a major concern for any developing countries like Bangladesh. As
Bangladesh is in a monsoon region and seasonal change has a major effect in the life
style, different kinds of severe and non-severe diseases are being encountered by the
people. In this case, proper medical care is an important need to boost up manpower
and also to protect future generation. In this report, the main concern will be on Khulna
city and its hospital. The report will show the area that is suitable for establishing a
public hospital in Khulna city through GIS analysis.
Khulna City Corporation is one of the important divisional city corporation in
Bangladesh. According to Khulna Detailed Area Plan Map the total area of Khulna City
Corporation is about 11160 acres. As the city is situated beside a major river, Rupsha
and also vast with industrial and commercial sectors, the population concentration is
noticeably high. Also Khulna is a low income city and most of the population is mainly
Middle class and low class in income. So for health facilities, public hospital is the main
concentration for this city.
In Bangladesh the private facilities are very costly and middle class and low class
families can’t afford this. So, people wants to go to public hospital, as they are cheap.
Though they are not so comfortable and the service quality is low but as it is running
with public’s money and also a nonprofit institutions, people always think public
hospital as a trustworthy place. But there are 56 hospitals in Khulna where only 3 of
them is public.
The report is going to analysis the whole Khulna city and its different facilities and
criteria related to hospital establishment. The output of the report is showing different
suitable sites for establishing a hospital. From all those site, a particular suitable site
will be selected for the final proposal. ArcMap will be used to find conduct the analysis
related with this task.
In the field of natural resource management, different concepts have been taken to avoid these kind of local and global problems related with common pool resources. Nobel Prize winning economist Elinor Ostrom (1993-2012), who revealed the limitations of early age resource management theories and problems like Garrett Hardin’s (1915-2003) “Tragedy of the Commons”, also gave an insight about institutions and institutional framework that can be used to control the problems regarding with natural resources. She defines institutions as some injunctions that are used by humans for reliable and particular interaction, that can be based on households, communities and other interactional units in the community. This kind of rules and regulations can be profitable and also non-profitable in some case. Also she and other co-authors argued that, institutions are the rules of the game, when we are seeing the whole natural resource system in the eyes of mathematical game theories (Ostrom, 2009).
This assignment is going to evaluate the role of institutions that are effecting in the field of natural resource management. The main goal of this study is to critically review the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) and also the Institutional Analysis Framework developed by Elinor Ostrom. Also basic theories of natural resource management will also be evaluated to find the role of institutions for these theories. The assignment is going to find some real world examples of different natural resources that are available around the world and the examples that are already being adapted to explain the roles of institutions. The assignment is not only based on Asia or Bangladesh context. It is also considering other countries problems and their adaptations in institutional framework.
Bangladesh is a developing country and now a day’s climate change has emerged as the
greatest threat facing the mankind today. The adverse effects of climate change
decrease the economic development, human security, and people’s fundamental rights.
Bangladesh suffers from frequent natural hazards and its vulnerability to natural
hazards also leads to climate migration. The main causes of climate migration in
Bangladesh are tidal flooding in the coastal areas and riverbank erosion in the mainland
areas, on the other hands tropical cyclones and storm also responsible for migration
from the coastal and mainland regions. In Bangladesh, 24 coastal and mainland districts
out of 64 districts, are already producing climate migrant people.
In Bangladesh more than 40 million people live in the coastal region where about 55%
are live within the 100 Km of 710 Km long from coastal belt. Most of the coastal people
are poor because they are dependent on the weather and natural resources. About 12
out of 19 districts are directly exposed to the sea for this reason, large-scale population
displacement is occurring due to natural disaster. The highest number of affected
people has been recorded after 1990. About 8.7 million of people of 30 districts from 64
districts were seriously affected by cyclone SIDR that hit in 2007. The cyclones that
occurred in 1970, 1985, 1991, 1997, 2007 and 2009 caused huge losses and displaced
millions of people from the coastal areas. In 2007, the country was ravaged by Cyclone
SIDR, which displaced 650,000 people and killed 3,447 (official record). In the year
2009, two cyclones hit the country (cyclone BIJLI, April 2009, and cyclone AILA, May
2009). About 200,000 people were displaced by cyclone BIJLI. In May 2009, cyclone
AILA mashed the coastal area and nearly 4.82 million people were affected. (Akhter. et
all, 2009).
In this report mainly discuss about those people life history who came from south
western zone in Bangladesh to Khulna city. Which factor was influenced to migrate
from those area to Khulna city and their Upward & downward mobility before & after
migration also described. Here also shows their present condition compare to before
migration.
The present era is all about making the hard works easy. As the world’s technology
is growing so fast, most of the works that are related with surveying, mapping and
positioning are becoming much more easy and simple than before. As the Geo
Technology is one of the most valued and emerging branch of science, the work
with latitude and longitude became much simpler. With the help of another
technology that is satellite, the work of positioning and mapping become much
more valid and easier. This report is mainly based on Satellite data and its
maximum use and analysis.
The report is based on Khulna district. As it is a part of Remote Sensing, the report
is mainly focused on image and its classification. Satellite image is used to evaluate
the present and past situation and land use of Khulna district. Data of two times is
used in this report to find out the difference between two years. The data was
collected from European Space Agency’s (ESA) satellite Sentinel. The introduction
of Sentinel was given in previous report. In this report we will find out the basic
evaluation of the raw data, supervised classification and different statistical
analysis from the two years of images. At last we will try to find out the major
difference from these two years that are 2016 and 2018. Different kind of Remote
Sensing and Geographic Information System related software will be used in this
report that will be introduced in the report.
In this modern era of science and technology, when people are more cautious
about their surroundings, new paths are being invented to see the world from
different point of view. People are starting to avoid their presence for
collecting data. Rather they are using the eyes form the sky to know their
surroundings and collecting information about the world. This technology is
known as satellite system and it is one of the reliable source of data now a
days. Almost every developed countries of the world is using this technology
to collect data of the earth surface. Popular Satellite system like ESA
(European Space Agency) and USGS (United States Geological Survey) is
providing free satellite image and data that is very helpful for different
research and educational organizations. The data extraction is very simple.
Though fully accurate data cannot be found for some environmental or
technical error like fog, haze and cloud, but still the data that can be found is
reliable. Different research and educational organization is using these data
and this science is mainly known as Remote Sensing. Also the satellite image
is very important for different GIS analysis. In this report, the main focus is
collecting satellite data, preprocessing it and identifying the built up area from
it. It is a task which is under Remote Sensing course but in this case ArcGIS
software was used because it is a reliable software, both for raster data like
satellite image and also for vector data.
Papers by Sk Nafiz Rahaman
The world is now so diverse and dense in case of population and man made
resource. These diversification and urban sprawl is generating different kind of
consequences in verge of time. Mainly the attraction of urban area is increasing
day by day as the basic economy is depending mainly on the urban output. The
developed countries are facing consequences too but the main challenge is for
developing countries like Bangladesh. The migration from rural to urban and
urban agglomeration is making the urban life more complicated and dense.
This densification is rising problems for one of the basic need of human life that
is housing. This report is based on this problem and its strategies and planning
that can be taken to overcome these challenges.
The report is based on Khulna city, one of the major divisional district of
Bangladesh. The report is not covering the whole Khulna city but its particular
ward areas that is 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11. The study area is being showed in the next
chapter.
The report will also take the help of the previous task that has been taken which
is Housing Stress Mapping. In that report the main target was to identify the
most stressed areas that means the areas that are lacking housing and other
necessary facilities. In this report the areas that were highly stressed in the
previous report will be focused. Also the recommendations for planning the
area is being focused on this report. Since the target population us a small
fraction of the city dwellers, “Housing Needs” and “Housing Targets” are
being ignored in this task.
Health facility is a major concern for any developing countries like Bangladesh. As
Bangladesh is in a monsoon region and seasonal change has a major effect in the life
style, different kinds of severe and non-severe diseases are being encountered by the
people. In this case, proper medical care is an important need to boost up manpower
and also to protect future generation. In this report, the main concern will be on Khulna
city and its hospital. The report will show the area that is suitable for establishing a
public hospital in Khulna city through GIS analysis.
Khulna City Corporation is one of the important divisional city corporation in
Bangladesh. According to Khulna Detailed Area Plan Map the total area of Khulna City
Corporation is about 11160 acres. As the city is situated beside a major river, Rupsha
and also vast with industrial and commercial sectors, the population concentration is
noticeably high. Also Khulna is a low income city and most of the population is mainly
Middle class and low class in income. So for health facilities, public hospital is the main
concentration for this city.
In Bangladesh the private facilities are very costly and middle class and low class
families can’t afford this. So, people wants to go to public hospital, as they are cheap.
Though they are not so comfortable and the service quality is low but as it is running
with public’s money and also a nonprofit institutions, people always think public
hospital as a trustworthy place. But there are 56 hospitals in Khulna where only 3 of
them is public.
The report is going to analysis the whole Khulna city and its different facilities and
criteria related to hospital establishment. The output of the report is showing different
suitable sites for establishing a hospital. From all those site, a particular suitable site
will be selected for the final proposal. ArcMap will be used to find conduct the analysis
related with this task.
In the field of natural resource management, different concepts have been taken to avoid these kind of local and global problems related with common pool resources. Nobel Prize winning economist Elinor Ostrom (1993-2012), who revealed the limitations of early age resource management theories and problems like Garrett Hardin’s (1915-2003) “Tragedy of the Commons”, also gave an insight about institutions and institutional framework that can be used to control the problems regarding with natural resources. She defines institutions as some injunctions that are used by humans for reliable and particular interaction, that can be based on households, communities and other interactional units in the community. This kind of rules and regulations can be profitable and also non-profitable in some case. Also she and other co-authors argued that, institutions are the rules of the game, when we are seeing the whole natural resource system in the eyes of mathematical game theories (Ostrom, 2009).
This assignment is going to evaluate the role of institutions that are effecting in the field of natural resource management. The main goal of this study is to critically review the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) and also the Institutional Analysis Framework developed by Elinor Ostrom. Also basic theories of natural resource management will also be evaluated to find the role of institutions for these theories. The assignment is going to find some real world examples of different natural resources that are available around the world and the examples that are already being adapted to explain the roles of institutions. The assignment is not only based on Asia or Bangladesh context. It is also considering other countries problems and their adaptations in institutional framework.
Bangladesh is a developing country and now a day’s climate change has emerged as the
greatest threat facing the mankind today. The adverse effects of climate change
decrease the economic development, human security, and people’s fundamental rights.
Bangladesh suffers from frequent natural hazards and its vulnerability to natural
hazards also leads to climate migration. The main causes of climate migration in
Bangladesh are tidal flooding in the coastal areas and riverbank erosion in the mainland
areas, on the other hands tropical cyclones and storm also responsible for migration
from the coastal and mainland regions. In Bangladesh, 24 coastal and mainland districts
out of 64 districts, are already producing climate migrant people.
In Bangladesh more than 40 million people live in the coastal region where about 55%
are live within the 100 Km of 710 Km long from coastal belt. Most of the coastal people
are poor because they are dependent on the weather and natural resources. About 12
out of 19 districts are directly exposed to the sea for this reason, large-scale population
displacement is occurring due to natural disaster. The highest number of affected
people has been recorded after 1990. About 8.7 million of people of 30 districts from 64
districts were seriously affected by cyclone SIDR that hit in 2007. The cyclones that
occurred in 1970, 1985, 1991, 1997, 2007 and 2009 caused huge losses and displaced
millions of people from the coastal areas. In 2007, the country was ravaged by Cyclone
SIDR, which displaced 650,000 people and killed 3,447 (official record). In the year
2009, two cyclones hit the country (cyclone BIJLI, April 2009, and cyclone AILA, May
2009). About 200,000 people were displaced by cyclone BIJLI. In May 2009, cyclone
AILA mashed the coastal area and nearly 4.82 million people were affected. (Akhter. et
all, 2009).
In this report mainly discuss about those people life history who came from south
western zone in Bangladesh to Khulna city. Which factor was influenced to migrate
from those area to Khulna city and their Upward & downward mobility before & after
migration also described. Here also shows their present condition compare to before
migration.
The present era is all about making the hard works easy. As the world’s technology
is growing so fast, most of the works that are related with surveying, mapping and
positioning are becoming much more easy and simple than before. As the Geo
Technology is one of the most valued and emerging branch of science, the work
with latitude and longitude became much simpler. With the help of another
technology that is satellite, the work of positioning and mapping become much
more valid and easier. This report is mainly based on Satellite data and its
maximum use and analysis.
The report is based on Khulna district. As it is a part of Remote Sensing, the report
is mainly focused on image and its classification. Satellite image is used to evaluate
the present and past situation and land use of Khulna district. Data of two times is
used in this report to find out the difference between two years. The data was
collected from European Space Agency’s (ESA) satellite Sentinel. The introduction
of Sentinel was given in previous report. In this report we will find out the basic
evaluation of the raw data, supervised classification and different statistical
analysis from the two years of images. At last we will try to find out the major
difference from these two years that are 2016 and 2018. Different kind of Remote
Sensing and Geographic Information System related software will be used in this
report that will be introduced in the report.
In this modern era of science and technology, when people are more cautious
about their surroundings, new paths are being invented to see the world from
different point of view. People are starting to avoid their presence for
collecting data. Rather they are using the eyes form the sky to know their
surroundings and collecting information about the world. This technology is
known as satellite system and it is one of the reliable source of data now a
days. Almost every developed countries of the world is using this technology
to collect data of the earth surface. Popular Satellite system like ESA
(European Space Agency) and USGS (United States Geological Survey) is
providing free satellite image and data that is very helpful for different
research and educational organizations. The data extraction is very simple.
Though fully accurate data cannot be found for some environmental or
technical error like fog, haze and cloud, but still the data that can be found is
reliable. Different research and educational organization is using these data
and this science is mainly known as Remote Sensing. Also the satellite image
is very important for different GIS analysis. In this report, the main focus is
collecting satellite data, preprocessing it and identifying the built up area from
it. It is a task which is under Remote Sensing course but in this case ArcGIS
software was used because it is a reliable software, both for raster data like
satellite image and also for vector data.
countries are suffering the most. Countries like Bangladesh is facing both
economic growth and poverty growth. Economic growth doesn’t mean that the
people are wealthy or rich. Still poverty is one of the main problem in Bangladesh.
The poor are still suffering from the lack of equity. The poor are not only suffering
lack in one poverty dimension but also in multiple. This research is mainly based
on the MPI about rural poor. The area that was used is Sarappur. The union is a
remote place in Dumuria Upazila of Khulna. There is also some evaluation of
poverty through different aspects. The research has some data about the base
needs like health, education and housing.
2. How cities became hub of dynamic economies?
3. How spatial form of cities change?
4. What are the roles of cities in sustainable development?
5. How cities generate transformative power?
6. What are the urban challenges based on housing, poverty, inequality and marginalization and environment?
7. What is the role for urban governance and urban planning to address these aforementioned challenges?
8. Why do we need urban agenda? How do we implement new urban agenda?