In recent clinical trial, dipyridamole, a phosphodiesterase inhibitors, has exhibited a synergistic effect with glucocorticoid in chronic inflammatory disease, however, the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of dipyridamole and... more
In recent clinical trial, dipyridamole, a phosphodiesterase inhibitors, has exhibited a synergistic effect with glucocorticoid in chronic inflammatory disease, however, the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of dipyridamole and the possible involvement of NO in the ...
SUMMARY: The effect of cyproheptadine on morphine induced analgesia, tolerance and dependence was investigated in mice and rats. Analgesia was estimated by hot plate method. Pretreatment of mice with cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg s.c.) did not... more
SUMMARY: The effect of cyproheptadine on morphine induced analgesia, tolerance and dependence was investigated in mice and rats. Analgesia was estimated by hot plate method. Pretreatment of mice with cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg s.c.) did not alter the ED50 of morphine analgesia, however, tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine was reduced by cyproheptadine. Daily subcutaneous injection of morphine was reduced by cyproheptadine. Daily subcutaneous injection of morphine for one week significantly increased the ED50 of morphine from 3 (4.1-2.2) on first day of treatment to 6.68 (9.49-4.7) mg/kg on sixth day of treatment. However, daily co-administration of cyproheptadine significantly reduced the ED50 of morphine after 6 days of treatment to 5.1 (6.73-3.86) mg/kg. The effect of cyproheptadine on abstinence signs precipitated by naloxone in morphine dependent rats was examined. Dependence was produced by two daily s.c. injection of morphine starting with 2.5 mg/kg and doubling the do...
Changes in insulin structure may alter the way it interacts with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors. Possible associations between the use of the long-acting insulin analog, glargine, and an increased risk of cancer have... more
Changes in insulin structure may alter the way it interacts with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors. Possible associations between the use of the long-acting insulin analog, glargine, and an increased risk of cancer have been widely examined. Strong evidence indicates a role for exogenous insulin or analogs in promoting cancer growth in diabetic patients. The clinical relevance of this pro-cancer effect of insulin in diabetic patients, however, is still unclear. In this study, the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of insulin glargine (5, 12.5 and 25I.U/kg, S.C. daily for 2 weeks) was evaluated against the nicotinamide (NA-230mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ-65mg/kg) induced somatic and germinal cells defect using a battery of in vivo cytogenetic assays such as the micronucleus, chromosome aberration, mitotic index and sperm abnormality test in male Wistar rats. The obtained results demonstrated that insulin glargine significantly reduced the diabetes-induced genetic damage and cell proliferation changes in somatic cells. Moreover, the administration of insulin glargine reduced the diabetes-induced genetic damage in germinal cells. The results suggest that insulin glargine is not genotoxic or cytotoxic compound and its use does not present a carcinogenic.
H1 antihistamines are the most widely used drugs for relieving symptoms of histamine-mediated disease. Although chlorpheniramine maleate and cetirizine hydrochloride have tolerable side effects, they induce severe side effects on chronic... more
H1 antihistamines are the most widely used drugs for relieving symptoms of histamine-mediated disease. Although chlorpheniramine maleate and cetirizine hydrochloride have tolerable side effects, they induce severe side effects on chronic use such as hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. LCarnitine is an effective biological active compound that is involved in oxidation of fatty acids in the liver through transportation of fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy production from fat. L-Carnitine has well-known antioxidant properties, improves hepatic function, and improves mitochondrial function in hepatic cells. In the present study, we evaluated the possible role of oxidative stress and the therapeutic and hepatoprotective effect of L-carnitine on chlorpheniramine maleate– and cetirizine hydrochloride–induced liver damage during chronic use. Methods are measurement of ALT, AST, ALP and albumin serum levels and measurement of hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers MDA and GSH in groups with and without combination with Lcarnitine. Histopathological examination of changes in hepatic tissue and scoring of the induced hepatic damage was conducted in all treatment groups. Co-treatment of L-carnitine with chlorpheniramine maleate and cetirizine hydrochloride significantly improved the deteriorated hepatic function as indicated by reduction in the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and elevation in serum albumin levels compared with control and untreated groups. Moreover, co-administration of L-carnitine with chlorpheniramine maleate and cetirizine hydrochloride decreased hepatic MDA and elevated hepatic GSH levels compared with control and untreated groups. Ultrastructure examination of hepatic tissue found that co-treatment with L-carnitine decreased hepatic necrosis and damage. In conclusion, oxidative stress can be a possible explanation of hepatic damage induced by chronic therapy with chlorpheniramine maleate and cetirizine hydrochloride. L-Carnitine has prominent hepatoprotective effects on chlorpheniramine maleate– and cetirizine hydrochloride–induced hepatic damage possibly through improvement of hepatic function and decreasing oxidative stress.
Histamine antagonists are medications used to block the action of histamine at histamine receptors. H1 antagonists are mainly taken to reverse the effects of histamine during allergic reactions. Cetirizine hydrochloride and pheniramine... more
Histamine antagonists are medications used to block the action of histamine at histamine receptors. H1 antagonists are mainly taken to reverse the effects of histamine during allergic reactions. Cetirizine hydrochloride and pheniramine maleate are the most clinically used H1 antihistamines; they have common tolerable side effects such as sedation, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, and nausea. The effect of H1 antagonists on male hormones and its outcomes on male fertility are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effects of both cetirizine and pheniramine maleate on male fertility. Measurement of prolactin, FSH, and LH serum levels and sperm count during chronic use. Cetirizine hydrochloride significantly increased prolactin levels compared with pheniramine maleate and control groups. Hyperprolactinemia significantly decreased FSH and LH levels and sperm count in the cetirizine hydrochloride treated group. In conclusion, this study reports that the second-generation antihistamine cetirizine hydrochloride has potent and significant effects on male fertility compared with the first-generation H1 antihistamine pheniramine maleate through its changes in prolactin, LH, and FSH levels. These hormonal changes decreased spermatogenesis and sperm count.
CITATIONS 0 READS 14 4 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Genome-wide association analysis of yield and its components of wheat under heat-stressed conditions View... more
CITATIONS 0 READS 14 4 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Genome-wide association analysis of yield and its components of wheat under heat-stressed conditions View project The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
Faidherbia albida is one of the plants that have been traditionally used throughout the world in the treatment of diabetes. In previous studies, various parts of the plant such as the methanolic root bark, aqueous seed, and the aqueous... more
Faidherbia albida is one of the plants that have been traditionally used throughout the world in the treatment of diabetes. In previous studies, various parts of the plant such as the methanolic root bark, aqueous seed, and the aqueous stem bark extracts have been tested on alloxan-induced diabetic rats for their anti-hyperglycemic activity. In the current study, the antihyperglycemic activity of the total ethanolic extract of Faidherbia albida fruits was evaluated in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using glimepiride as a reference anti-diabetic drug. The total ethanolic fruit extract at 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (p< 0.05) lowered the blood glucose level in diabetic mice by (74%) after 4 hrs of oral administration while the peak hypoglycemic effect of glimepiride (55.2%) occurred at the 4th hr after oral administration. The results provided evidence that Faidherbia albida fruit extract is recommended to be used as a hypoglycemic drug in treating diabetic patients.
Lead toxicity is one of the causative agents of male infertility that raised concern from environmental contamination worldwide. L-carnitine, a biologically active amino acid, present in high concentration in the reproductive organs such... more
Lead toxicity is one of the causative agents of male infertility that raised concern from environmental contamination worldwide. L-carnitine, a biologically active amino acid, present in high concentration in the reproductive organs such as the epididymis, is involved in sperm maturation. The possible protective effect of L-carnitine in experimentally lead-induced male reproductive toxicity in rats was evaluated in this study. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group 1: the negative control group was treated with normal saline; Group 2: exposed to 50 mg/kg lead acetate (2% solution in saline); and Group 3: treated with lead acetate 50 mg/kg (2% solution in saline) + L-carnitine 100 mg/kg. At the end of the experimental period, body and testicular weights were determined, blood samples were withdrawn for hormonal assays of FSH, LH and testosterone. Sperm parameters as sperm count, morphology, viability and motility were measured. Testicular tissue homogenates were prepared for enzymatic assays and for measuring oxidative stress parameters. Lead significantly increased both oxidative stress and the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase-C in the testicular tissues with a decrease in sperm count, motility and viability. Lead acetate treatment, induced alteration in sperms with normal morphology together with reductions in the serum FSH, LH, testosterone, body and testicular weights. The concentration of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was significantly reduced. Co-administration of L-carnitine significantly reduced testicular oxidative stress, improved sperm parameters, elevated serum FSH, LH and testosterone with an insignificant reduction in the testicular weight. The concentrations of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase-C were significantly improved by L-carnitine. The overall results indicate that L-carnitine is expected to improve the lead acetate-induced male reproductive toxicity.
