Baybars Ali Fil
Balikesir University, Environmental Engineering, Faculty Member
- Ataturk University, Environmental Engineering, Faculty Memberadd
- Environmental Engineering, Montmorillonite, Electrocoagulation, Adsorption and wastewater treatment, Heavy metals, çevre Mühendisliği, and 28 moreBoron, Boron Chemistry, Drinking Water Quality Standards, Activated carbon adsorption, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Heavy Metal Pollution, Adsorption, Kinetics, Wastewater, Linear Regression, Langmuir, Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Turbidity, Anode, Environmental, Supporting electrolyte, Electrolyte, Chemical Oxygen Demand, ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Methylene Blue, Aqueous Solution, Thermodynamic, Key words, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Clay, Adsorption Isotherms, and Chemical Engineeringedit
- Scientistedit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT. In this study, isotherm studies were investigated for the removal of basic orange 2 (BO2) dye on the montmorillonite surface. Two-parameter isotherm models such as Langmir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and Three-parameter... more
ABSTRACT. In this study, isotherm studies were investigated for the removal of basic orange 2 (BO2) dye on the montmorillonite surface. Two-parameter isotherm models such as Langmir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and Three-parameter isotherm models such as Sips, Toth, and Khan isotherms were calculated by non-linear analysis method. The adsorption capacity at equilibrium was calculated by adding 0.035 g of adsorbent at 10-300 mg/L concentrations to 100 mL of synthetic dyestuff solution at room temperature. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the isotherm data matched the Langmuir isotherm with a regression coefficient of 0.995 from the Two-parameter models, and the Sips isotherm with a regression coefficient of 0.998 from the Three-parameter isotherm models. In addition, according to the results of error analysis, it was determined that the lowest error value fit the HYBRID model. SNE values support the HYBRID model. KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Basic orange 2, ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ion exchange technology is currently the best way to remove heavy metals from water and wastewater. In this study, we investigated heavy metal ions as cadmium (Cd 2+), nickel (Ni 2+) and zinc (Zn 2+) removal from aqueous solutions using... more
Ion exchange technology is currently the best way to remove heavy metals from water and wastewater. In this study, we investigated heavy metal ions as cadmium (Cd 2+), nickel (Ni 2+) and zinc (Zn 2+) removal from aqueous solutions using synthetic resin. Batch experiments on the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions at under different conditions such as initial solution pH, stirring speeds, temperatures, initial concentrations and resin dosages of synthetic wastewater solutions were carried out. The maximal exchange levels attained were as follows: 99.76% Cd 2+ , 93.66% Ni 2+ and 83.10% Zn 2+ onto Dowex HCR-S synthetic resin at 293 K, 250 mg L-1 initial metal concentration, ion exchange time of 60 min, 400 rpm stirring speed, pH: 6.0 and 2 g resin dosage. INTRODUCTION Fast industrialization has affected to rise up disposal of heavy metals into the environment. The exceeding increase in the use of the heavy metals over the past few decades has unavoidable consequence in an increased ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ileri oksidasyon prosesleri pek cok endustri atiksuyunun aritimi icin etkili bir sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada Antep fistigi isleme atiksularinin elektrooksidasyon yontemi ile aritimi arastirilmis ve on calismalarin sonuclari... more
Ileri oksidasyon prosesleri pek cok endustri atiksuyunun aritimi icin etkili bir sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada Antep fistigi isleme atiksularinin elektrooksidasyon yontemi ile aritimi arastirilmis ve on calismalarin sonuclari verilmistir. Bu atiksu icin KOI (Kimyasal Oksijen Ihtiyaci), TOK (Toplam Organik Karbon) ve TF (Toplam Fenol) giderimleri icin elde edilen veriler incelenmistir. Anot materyali olarak grafit katot materyali olarak paslanmaz celik plakalar kullanilmistir. Kesikli reaktorde yapilan denemelerde cozelti baslangic pH degeri ve karistirma hizi (100-600 rpm) gibi parametrelerin KOI, TOK ve TF aritimi uzerine etkileri incelenmistir. Elde edilen bu on aritim verilerine gore fistik sanayi isleme atiksularinin elektrooksidasyon yontemi ile aritilabilecegi ve biyolojik aritima girmeden once bir on aritim sistemi olarak onerilebilecegi soylenebilir
In this study, it was investigated initial boron concentration affecting energy consumption in boron removal from boron containing wastewaters prepared synthetically, via electrocoagulation method. Initial boron concentration of solution... more
In this study, it was investigated initial boron concentration affecting energy consumption in boron removal from boron containing wastewaters prepared synthetically, via electrocoagulation method. Initial boron concentration of solution was selected as experimental parameter affecting energy consumption. The other parameters such as solution pH, current density and temperature of solution were kept constant during reaction time. Experiments were carried out with different initial boron concentrations ranging from 100, 250, 500 and 1000mg/L. Increasing initial boron concentration caused to increase specific conductivity of solution. Specific conductivity of solution was a important parameter on energy consumption of electrocoagulation system. The higher specific conductivity of solution caused to the lower energy consumption values. While energy consumption value was 49,87 kW-h/m3 for 100 mg/L initial boron concentration, this value was decreased to 14, 3 kW-h/m3 for 1000 mg/L initi...
The determination of surface properties of montmorillonite clay is an important criterion for establishment of its adsorption ability against anionic and cationic species from wastewaters. In this study, electrokinetic surface properties... more
The determination of surface properties of montmorillonite clay is an important criterion for establishment of its adsorption ability against anionic and cationic species from wastewaters. In this study, electrokinetic surface properties of montmorillonite were investigated using the microelectrophoresis technique. The zeta-potential (ζ) analysis of the montmorillonite was done by streaming potential measurements as a function of salt concentration and equilibrium pH of solution. It was found that the zeta potential of the clay particles was negative for monovalent cations (KCl, LiCl, NaCl) added to solution phase. Divalent cations (CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2) could provide a neutral charge at just maximum concentrations. In addition, montmorillonite had a negative charge even at pH 2 and only trivalent cations (Fe(NO3)3, FeCl3) provided positive surface charge at just maximum concentration. The characterization of the montmorillonite was performed by using XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM imagin...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The dyes and pigments have poisonous and mutagenic effect on humans and animals. In this study, the use of Bigadiç clinoptilolite (natural zeolite) as an adsorbent for removal of methyl violet dye from solutions was investigated. The dye... more
The dyes and pigments have poisonous and mutagenic effect on humans and animals. In this study, the use of Bigadiç clinoptilolite (natural zeolite) as an adsorbent for removal of methyl violet dye from solutions was investigated. The dye adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode as a function of pH (3-9), temperature (30-50 ºC), ionic strength (0-0.1 M NaCl) , clinoptilolite calcination temperature (0-200 ºC), particle size (0-45;180-425 ìm) and solid-to-solution ratio (0.1-1.5g/50 mL). The dye adsorption capacity of the clinoptilolite mineral increased with high solution pH, high temperature, high salt concentration, low particle size and low solid-to-solution ratio. Clinoptilolite mineral provided higher adsorption capacity at calcination temperature of 50 ºC. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm rather than Freundlich model. The kinetic data could be explained by the pseudo second order model. Also, the kinetic data fitted to the intra particle diffusion model and this indicated that pore diffusion was rate controlling step in the applied batch process. Maximum adsorption capacity of the clinoptilolite mineral was calculated as 75.25 mg/g at pH 9.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ion exchange technology is currently the best way to remove heavy metals from water and wastewater. In this study, we investigated heavy metal ions as cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) removal from aqueous solutions using synthetic... more
Ion exchange technology is currently the best way to remove heavy metals from water and wastewater. In this study, we investigated heavy metal ions as cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) removal from aqueous solutions using synthetic resin. Batch experiments on the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions at under different conditions such as initial solution pH, stirring speeds, temperatures, initial concentrations and resin dosages of synthetic wastewater solutions were carried out. The maximal exchange levels attained were as follows: 99.76% Cd, 93.66% Ni and 83.10% Zn onto Dowex HCR-S synthetic resin at 293 K, 250 mg L initial metal concentration, ion exchange time of 60 min, 400 rpm stirring speed, pH: 6.0 and 2 g resin dosage.
Research Interests:
Paint manufacturing wastewaters contain highly toxic and organic biorefractory substances and have adverse effects on human health. In this study, the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a paint manufacturing plant... more
Paint manufacturing wastewaters contain highly toxic and organic biorefractory substances and have adverse effects on human health. In this study, the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a paint manufacturing plant (PMW) wastewater by electrochemical degradation using Ti/Pt anodes were investigated with a five-factor central composite model. pH (4-11), temperature (10-40 °C), NaCl concentration (10-100 mM), current (5-15 A) and feed rate (10-40 mL/min.) were selected as independent operating parameters. The results obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance and a quadratic model was developed to examine the effects of parameters affecting degradation conditions. Optimum conditions for maximizing color and COD removal while minimizing energy consumption were determined by numerical optimization and found to be pH of 4, temperature of 39.99 °C, NaCl concentration of 100 mM, feed rate of 40 mL/min and current of 5.21 A. Under optimum conditions, the estimated c...
Research Interests:
Advanced oxidation processes are an efficient method of treating many industrial wastewaters. This study investigated the treatment of olive mill wastewater with the electro-oxidation method. This study investigated data obtained from... more
Advanced oxidation processes are an efficient method of treating many industrial wastewaters. This study investigated the treatment of olive mill wastewater with the electro-oxidation method. This study investigated data obtained from chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and total phenol (TP) removal efficiencies for this wastewater. The anode material was Ti/Pt while the cathode material was Ti. The experiments using a batch reactor examined the effects of mixing rate (0–600 rpm), dilution factor (1/5-5/5), pH (2–8), type of support electrolyte (Na2SO4, KCl and NaCl), concentration of support electrolyte (0.25–1.25 M) and current density (2.5–15 mA/cm2) on COD, TOC and TP removal efficiencies. The study found the COD, TOC and TP removal rates under optimum conditions were 100%, 78% and 100%
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Boron removal was investigated by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions containing boron using calcium hydroxide. pH, initial boron concentration, amount of Ca(OH)2, stirring speed and solution temperature were selected as... more
Boron removal was investigated by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions containing boron using calcium hydroxide. pH, initial boron concentration, amount of Ca(OH)2, stirring speed and solution temperature were selected as operational parameters in a batch system. The highest boron removal efficiency was reached at pH 1.0. Increasing initial boron concentration and amount of calcium hydroxide raised to boron removal efficiency. Boron removal efficiency was highest at a stirring speed of 150 rpm. The most important parameter affecting boron removal efficiency was solution temperature. Increasing solution temperature increased importantly boron removal. XRD analysis showed that CaB3O3(OH)5·4H2O, which is a borate mineral called inyoite, occurred between Ca(OH)2 and borate ions. As a result of the obtained experimental data, when the optimum operational conditions were selected, over 96% of boron removal efficiency was reached by this method.
Research Interests: Boron Chemistry and Boron
The aim of present study is to investigate the feasibility of cadmium removal from water using electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemical wastewater treatment technology with increased popularity and considerable... more
The aim of present study is to investigate the feasibility of cadmium removal from water using electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemical wastewater treatment technology with increased popularity and considerable technical improvements. In the study, effects of operating parameters such as initial solution pH, initial concentration (C 0), reaction time (t), stirring speed, and conductivity (κ) on cadmium removal from synthetic wastewater-containing cadmium in the batch electrocoagulation process were investigated. It was found from experimental results that initial solution pH is important parameter affecting cadmium removal. pH of initial solution was in the range of 3 to 6 in the experiments. The largest cadmium removal efficiency was obtained with pH 6. pH 6, obtained from initial solution whose pH was 6, reached an agreement with activity to pH diagrams for Al+3 species in equilibrium with Al(OH)3. Although specific energy consumption increased with decreasing cadmium concentration, whose conductivity was low, cadmium removal efficiency was higher at 25 mg L−1 than 1,000 mg L−1. Stirring speed, below and above 150 rpm, reduces cadmium removal efficiency. The results showed that electrocoagulation method had high effectiveness in removing cadmium from aqueous solutions.
Research Interests:
In this study, the removal of a cationic dye, basic red 18, used in the textile industry with montmorillonite was investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, agitation speed, ionic strength, adsorbent dosage, pH and... more
In this study, the removal of a cationic dye, basic red 18, used in the textile industry with montmorillonite was investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, agitation speed, ionic strength, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. Adsorption process was attained to the equilibrium within 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity of basic red 18 increased with increasing ionic strength, initial dye concentration, pH, agitation speed, and temperature, but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Elovich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms, and it was found that the isotherm data were reasonably correlated by Freundlich isotherm. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich kinetic equations and intraparticle diffusion model were used to examine the experimental data of different initial conditions. It was found that the pseudo-second order kinetic equation described the data of dye adsorption onto montmorillonite very well. Furthermore, for the removal of basic red 18, a semiempirical model was established. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out for basic red 18 onto montmorillonite. It was found that the adsorption processes were endothermic in nature. The values of Ea, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* at 293 K for basic red 18 adsorption on clay were calculated as 27.635 kJ mol-1 , 25.041kJ mol-1 , -0.090 kJ mol-1 K -1 and 51.412 kJ mol-1 , respectively. The results indicated that montmorillonite could be employed as an alternative to commercial adsorbents in wastewater treatment for the removal of color and dyes.
Research Interests:
In this study, color removal by absorption from synthetically prepared wastewater was investigated using montmorillonite clay by adsorption. As dyestuff Astrazon Red Violet 3RN (Basic Violet 16) was used. Experimental parameters selected... more
In this study, color removal by absorption from synthetically prepared wastewater was investigated using montmorillonite clay by adsorption. As dyestuff Astrazon Red Violet 3RN (Basic Violet 16) was used. Experimental parameters selected were pH, temperature, agitation speed, initial dyestuff concentration, adsorbent dosage and ionic strength. It was established that adsorption rate increased with increasing pH, temperature, dye concentration and agitation speed, but decreased with increased ionic strength and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption equilibrium data obtained by a series of experiments carried out in a water bath were employed with common isotherm equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Elovich and Dubinin–Radushkevich. It was found that the Langmuir equation appears to fit the equilibrium data better than the other models. Furthermore, the fit of the kinetic data to common kinetic models such as the pseudo-first-order, second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models was tested to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorptions. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters activation energy, Ea, enthalpy ΔH*, entropy, ΔS*, and free energy change, ΔG*, were calculated. The values of the calculated parameters indicated that physical adsorption of ARV on the clay was dominant and that the adsorption process was endothermic.
Research Interests:
Boron pollution has a vital importance in Bigadiç boron mine in Turkey because the wastewaters of the mine are stored in a soil dam that threats the underground water quality. In this study the optimization of boron removal from the boron... more
Boron pollution has a vital importance in Bigadiç boron mine in Turkey because the wastewaters of the mine are stored in a soil dam that threats the underground water quality. In this study the optimization of boron removal from the boron mine wastewater using Purolite S 108 resin was investigated by means of a 2 3 full factorial experimental design. Experiments were carried out in batch mode as a function of pH, temperature and resin-to-solution ratio. The low (1) and high (2) levels of the parameters for pH, temperature and resin-to-solution ratio were 2.5 and 10, 12 ºC and 40 ºC and 1 g/50mL and 2 g/50mL respectively. Boron adsorption capacity of the resin increased with low temperature, low resin-to-solution ratio and high pH. When the probability constants (p<0.05) at 95% confidence level were taken into consideration, only pH was found as statistically important parameter. The optimization of the parameters to obtain optimum conditions was done by interpretation of cube plots, Pareto chart and contour plots. A time span of 48 hours was enough to reach the equilibrium. Adsorption data were analyzed with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with a coefficient of determination value of 0.988. Maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 12.87 mg g -1 . The fixed bed kinetics of boron adsorption onto resin could be explained by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models with a coefficient of determination value of 0.938. The fixed bed capacity of the resin was calculated as 12.71 mg g-1 .
Research Interests:
The determination of surface properties of montmorillonite clay is an important criterion for establishment of its adsorption ability against anionic and cationic species from wastewaters. In this study, electrokinetic surface properties... more
The determination of surface properties of montmorillonite clay is an important criterion for establishment of its adsorption ability against anionic and cationic species from wastewaters. In this study, electrokinetic surface properties of montmorillonite were investigated using the microelectrophoresis technique. The zeta-potential (ζ) analysis of the montmorillonite was done by streaming potential measurements as a function of salt concentration and equilibrium pH of solution. It was found that the zeta potential of the clay particles was negative for monovalent cations (KCl, LiCl, NaCl) added to solution phase. Divalent cations (CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2) could provide a neutral charge at just maximum concentrations. In addition, montmorillonite had a negative charge even at pH 2 and only trivalent cations (Fe(NO3)3, FeCl3) provided positive surface charge at just maximum concentration. The characterization of the montmorillonite was performed by using XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM imaging, and N2-BET analyses. The determined porous structure and strong negative surface charge of the montmorillonite showed that this clay would be used effectively in removal of cationic species from waters
Research Interests:
The copper causes important health problems risk when it exists at high concentrations in drinking waters and daily feeds. Therefore, in this study, copper adsorption from solutions onto illite clay was investigated in batch mode as a... more
The copper causes important health problems risk when it exists at high concentrations in drinking waters and daily feeds. Therefore, in this study, copper adsorption from solutions onto illite clay was investigated in batch mode as a function of the initial solution pH (3-6), temperature (30-60 °C) and ionic strength (0-0.1 mol/L-1 NaCl). The equilibrium was attained within 24 hours. Optimum conditions were determined as pH 6, temperature 60 °C and 0 mol/L-1 NaCl concentration. The isotherm data followed the S-class isotherm. The reason of this S-class isotherm was either solute-solute attractive forces at the surface causing cooperative adsorption or a competing reaction such as complexation with a ligand. Mathematically, the isotherm data were explained with the sum of several single Freundlich models. Also, the thermodynamic parameters of the process were calculated. Positive values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔGº) indicated that the adsorption process was unspontaneous. As the enthalpy change (ΔH°) had positive value for all the parameter intervals, copper adsorption was concluded to be physical and endothermic process. The positive entropy values indicated that the randomness at solid-liquid interface increased with concentration decrease. Maximum copper adsorption capacity of illite clay was calculated at 60 oC as 1.823×10-5 mol/g. Furthermore, an empirical model was developed to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the process and operation conditions of the batch reactor as follows.
Research Interests:
Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a global problem that will likely become more apparent in future years as scientists and engineers measure the true extent of the problem. Arsenic poisoning is preventable though as there are... more
Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a global problem that will likely become more apparent in future years as scientists and engineers measure the true extent of the problem. Arsenic poisoning is preventable though as there are several methods for easily removing even trace amounts of arsenic from drinking water. In the present study, electrocoagulation was evaluated as a treatment technology for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. The effects of parameters such as initial pH, current density, initial concentration, supporting electrolyte type and stirring speed on removal efficiency were investigated. It has been observed that initial pH was highly effective on the arsenic removal efficiency. The highest removal efficiency was observed at initial pH = 4. The obtained experimental results showed that the efficiency of arsenic removal increased with increasing current density and decreased with increasing arsenic concentration in the solution. Supporting electrolyte had not significant effects on removal, adding supporting electrolyte decreased energy consumption. The effect of stirring speed on removal efficiency was investigated and the best removal efficiency was at the 150 rpm. Under the optimum conditions of initial pH 4, current density of 0.54 mA/cm2, stirring speed of 150 rpm, electrolysis time of 30 minutes, removal was obtained as 99.50%. Energy consumption in the above conditions was calculated as 0.33 kWh/m3. Electrocoagulation with iron electrodes was able to bring down 50 mg/L arsenic concentration to less than 10 μg/L at the end of electrolysis time of 45 minutes with low electrical energy consumption as 0.52 kWh/m3.
Research Interests:
The electrocoagulation method was selected for the removal of Cd+2. The effects of the parameters such as current density, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration on this method were studied. The Cd+2 concentration, stirring speed,... more
The electrocoagulation method was selected for the removal of Cd+2. The effects of the parameters such as current density, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration on this method were studied. The Cd+2 concentration, stirring speed, and temperature were 250 mg/L, 150 rpm, and 293 K in the determination of the optimum pH. The results obtained showed that a pH of 6 provided the highest Cd+2 removals. A pH of 6 was taken to be a constant optimum value while studying the effects of current density and supporting electrolyte concentration on removal. Current density values were chosen as 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mA/cm2 . Increasing current density increased Cd+2 removals significantly. Removal of 58%, 85%, 95%, and 99% were found for current densities of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mA/cm2 with an initial concentration of 250 mg/L with a reaction time of 30 minute, respectively. An increase in current density caused an extreme increase in energy consumption. Energy consumption was 0.363 kW-h/m3 for a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 with a reaction time of 30 minutes while it was 1.575, 3.85, and 7.51 kWh/m3 for a current density of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 mA/cm2 at a pH of 6, respectively. It was found that the effect of supporting electrolyte concentration on removal efficiency was negative. As supporting electrolyte concentration increased, removal efficiency decreased and the energy consumption rate increased. It was determined, as a the result of the experiments, that Cd+2 ions can be removed at the rate of 99% with a pH of 6, a 250 mg/L Cd+2 concentration, a 150 rpm stirring speed, a temperature of 293 K and a current density of 1.50 mA/cm2 in an aqueous solution.