İzzet Yüksek

Owing to factors such as high living standards and digitalization, energy use is growing. However, the proportion of renewable energy sources is also rising in all energy consumption. Given this use of renewable energy, global warming and environmental issues are still rising. Fossil-based energy species are more polluting and resource-stricken than others. Studies on environmental pollution show that fossil-based energies are the most important pollutants. Fossil-based energy source is still the most consumed type of energy. Besides, the renewable energy sources’ consumption is very low. Therefore, it is important to increase the use of renewable energy, which creates cleaner and less emissions. Buildings should have the right clean energy use incentives. The needs such as heating, refrigeration, and lighting can be met by renewable energy. This research aims to explore and demonstrate how renewable energy can profit when fulfilling public building functions. Through using both con...

Buildings consume energy at different levels in every stage of the life-cycle. Building materials occupy a great share of this consumption. Therefore, the amount of energy consumed by ma-terials used in building during their life cycle is an important parameter in determining the energy efficiency of the building. In this study, the importance of energy- efficient material selec-tion in designing “Energy-Efficient Building ” is considered and discussed. It is possible to evaluate some building materials in Turkey in the framework of energy efficient building material criteria. This information is considered as a guide for users and employees of the building sector. As a result of the study, the selection of building material and energy efficient features of building materials are important parameters for the provision of energy efficiency.

The windows of historical buildings in Kırklareli/Turkey exhibit architectural features that warrant special attention. They reflect the essential and characteristic elements of an architectural culture, which evaluates external space as a natural extension of internal features. The window is a significant functional element of a Turkish house and room. Fixed glass windows located above the lower ones were the light sources; whereas, the lower windows protected by wooden shutters or bars were used for ventilation or scenery. A shelf, which extended along the four walls of the room used to be placed between the upper and lower windows. The height of this continuous shelf was low enough for use. The traditional Turkish homes had partitioned glass windows rather than large one-piece types. Windows composed of small square glass partitions are the characteristic types of windows in traditional Turkish homes. This is a convenient architectural style both for privacy and external perspect...

Ülkemizde, özellikle büyükşehirlerde sanayileşmeye paralel olarak, kırsal alandan kentlere göçle beraber kentsel nüfus hızla artmıştır ve artmaya devam etmektedir. Nüfus artışı beraberinde düzensiz kentleşmeyi de getirmiştir. Plansız kentleşme, kentlilerin ihtiyacı olan asgari şartların sağlamasını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu ihtiyaçlardan biri de açık – yeşil alanlardır. Açık-yeşil alanlar; halkın yaşam kalitesini olumlu yönde etkileyen ve kentleri pek çok açıdan daha yaşanabilir kılan, halkın sosyalleşme, spor ve temiz hava gibi ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabildikleri yerlerdir. Bu alanların yetersiz olması kent sakinlerinin yeşil alan ihtiyaçlarını kendilerine daha uzak, kırsal alanlardan karşılamasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada İzmir ili, Çiğli ilçesi örneğinde 1/1000 ölçekli uygulama imar planı üzerinden, açık-yeşil alanların yeterliliği analiz edilecektir. Bu bağlamda, toplam açık yeşil alan miktarı ve kişi başına düşen miktar ve oranları, yeşil alan parsel büyüklükleri mevcu...

This study was conducted to evaluate the daylighting performances of classrooms. For this study, a classroom in Kayali Campus and two classrooms in Kavakli Campus of Kirklareli University have been selected. In these buildings, the illuminance levels have been measured and standards and design rules have been investigated. Modelling in the Velux Daylight Visualiar simulation program, the classrooms have been evaluated in terms of daylighting parameters. Consequently, window properties that can provide better natural lighting in the classroom have been identified. According to the measurements and the results of the simulation, daylight illuminance levels in these environments has been found to vary by directions. The buildings’ orientation, the window openings on the facade of buildings and the shading elements should be designed at the point of the natural lighting idea by expert designers in the fi eld

Today serious environmental problems are being experienced all around the world. The increase in these problems emerges to a large extent from the buildings, because building make negative impacts on environmental values during their life cycle due to various reasons. For this reason, one of the targets of the modern architecture needs to be the design of environment-friendly ecological buildings which do not harm the environment. The traditional buildings in Turkey have little environmental effects. The fact that the environmental factors have been taken into account in designing these buildings have enabled them to be much more nature-friendly. For this reason, they are considered to be ecological buildings. The aim of this study is to investigate the characters of the building elements of the traditional buildings from an ecological point of view. The rural buildings reflecting the authentic characters in Thrace have been chosen as the subject of this study. These buildings are t...

The study aims to document the settlement, spatial, constructional, and cultural characteristics of Kırklareli rural area to reveal the variations of the region. In addition, the region is a hybrid location with elements from both the Black Sea and inner Anatolia. So, the characteristics of the region are compared with the Black Sea and inner Anatolia. The method of the study is composed of two phases, first, the effect of environmental features such as natural environment, topography, climate, and the economic situation on settlement and plan and constructional characteristics and material usage of the houses in Kırklareli were documented. Second, the Thrace region's rural characteristics were compared to those of the Black Sea and inner Anatolia. As a result, the natural environment, geography, climate, and culture all had a role in the formation of rural settlements and houses. (1) Topographical features influenced daily living and agricultural productivity, resulting in chan...

Yapıların yaşam döngüleri süresince tükettikleri enerjinin büyük bölümünü kullanım sürecinde tüketilen enerji oluşturmaktadır. Bu süreçte yapılarda ısısal konfor koşullarının sağlanması, sıcak su, aydınlatma ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ile çeşitli elektrikli araç ve makineler için enerji kullanımı söz konusudur. Enerji kullanımındaki en önemli payı da ısıtma/soğutma için yapılan enerji tüketimi almaktadır. Bu nedenle ısıtma/soğutma amaçlı enerji tüketiminin azaltılması enerji etkinliği sağlamada önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda istenmeyen ısı kayıp ve kazançlarını azaltmak gerekmektedir. İklime uygun biçimlenme ve kabuk tasarımı, uygun yapı malzemesi seçimi ve uygun yapı elemanı tasarımıyla istenmeyen ısı kayıp ve kazançları azaltılabilinir. Bu çalışmada yapıların enerji etkin özelliklere sahip olması amacıyla, yapı elemanlarının sahip olması gereken ısı geçirgenlik değerini elde edebilmek için, Türkiye koşullarında uygun malzeme seçimi ve yapı elemanı tasarımı konuları tartışılmıştır. Bu d...

Brick production has significant environmental impacts; its use of coal in particular emits CO2 emissions and pollutants. Despite the Turkish brick industry’s use of coal in its firing process, there is no environmental data for its fired brick production. This study thus aims to obtain local environmental data, assess environmental impacts, and contribute to product and process development for sustainable fired brick in Turkey. For this purpose, two Turkish brick factories of different kiln types, Hoffman and tunnel, were monitored for environmental sustainability as case studies. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used in the system boundary from cradle-to-gate. After the acquisition of the factories’ inventory data, their environmental impacts were assessed and compared. The study then uses these results to determine the life cycle phases most important in supporting decision-making by designers and practitioners and the contribution of each phase to the total environmental burden...

Water, which is the indispensable source of our lives, has been served to utilization of human beings by being served to the cities via different water buildings. Among these buildings, fountains are the final buildings that carry water to human beings. The fountains which survived until today as the reflection of socioeconomic , cultural and architectural characteristics of the era they were built, are among the important architectural elements of traditional districts of Kırklareli province. The fountains in city center of Kırklareli province are concentrated in bazaar areas and they are also distributed in Kırklareli traditional settlement areas. The purpose of this study is to document the fountains which supply important clues on the development of Kırklareli traditional districts in historical process. At the end of literature reviews, in additional to the existing fountains, by detecting the ones which could not survive until today, the locations of these fountains were deter...

Windows are important part of a building's history; they tell us not only of the changing architectural taste and style but also of social hierarchy, building economics, craft ingenuity and technical advances, and of the ways in which houses and certain building materials were taxed. They are the single element which most serves to establish the character of a building and a whole district. The traditional Turkish house had partitioned glass windows rather than large one-piece types. Windows composed of small square glass partitions are the characteristic types of windows in traditional Turkish homes. This is a convenient architectural style both for privacy and external perspective related concerns. In Turkish architecture, due to the indispensability of timber frame construction, specific dimensions had to be used depending on the structure of the material utilized. The first floor had block stone walls and floors above were of timber frame panel walls. The narrow, vertical sp...

Gradual increase in the energy use due to various reasons results in important environmental problems such as environmental pollution and exploitation/depletion of natural resources. The fact that particularly nonrenewable energies are more polluting and limited when compared to other types of energy turns this problem into a serious one. Studies on environmental pollution show that fossil-based energies are the most important pollutants. However, fossil-based energies constitute nearly 86% of the total energy consumption in the world. Renewable and nuclear energies, on the other hand, have a share of 7.8% and 6.5% share, respectively, in the primary energy consumption. Turkey is in a negative position in terms of the type and amount of the energy used. 40% of the annual global energy consumption results from construction activities. Turkish housing/service sector has an important share in energy consumption as well. The energy consumed for this purposes is mainly fossil-based, whic...

The city of Kirklareli includes original examples of traditional building types. The buildings, located in the city center of Kirklareli within the texture of traditional dwelling, have their own features when comparing with their contemporaries. This study examines the traditional Kirklareli dwellings in terms of building components, and discusses the benefits provided by the various design characteristics. By putting forth the features these building elements have, the benefits of these features have been discussed. As a result of the study, it has been determined that an especially wall which differs from those of Anatolian traditional buildings have their own features.  Key words: Kirklareli province, Traditional housing, Building element design, Traditional building material, Environmental impact

Kirklareli’nde on sekizinci yuzyilin sonlarindan, yirminci yuzyilin baslarina kadar yapilmis olan konutlar mevcuttur. Bu konutlarin pencereleri de dort yana egimli catilar ve ahsap payandalarla destekli cikmalar gibi bulundugu devrin mimari ozelliklerini yansitmaktadir. Bu calisma; Kirklareli’nin eski yerlesim birimlerinden, gunumuze ulasan geleneksel konutlarda bulunan pencerelerin fonksiyonel, strukturel ve estetik yonden analizini icermektedir. Elde edilen sonuclarin kulturel sureklilik yonunde yeni tasarimlarimizda kullanilmasi ve konut koruma calismalarinda yararlanilmasi amaclanmistir. Yogunlukla yerinde yapilan incelemeler sonucu, mevcut geleneksel mahallelerdeki ozgun konutlar tespit edilmis, bu konutlarin pencere dogramalarinda degisiklige gidilmeyenlerinin analizleri yapilarak cesitli sekillerde siniflandirilmistir. Yapilan analizlerden elde edilen bulgular cephe duzenlemelerinde ve pencere dogramasi tasarimlarinda kullanilabilecek faydali sonuclara ulastirilmistir

Yapilarin yasam donguleri suresince tukettikleri enerjinin buyuk bolumunu kullanim surecinde tuketilen enerji olusturmaktadir. Bu surecte yapilarda isisal konfor kosullarinin saglanmasi, sicak su, aydinlatma ihtiyaclarinin karsilanmasi ile cesitli elektrikli arac ve makineler icin enerji kullanimi soz konusudur. Enerji kullanimindaki en onemli payi da isitma/sogutma icin yapilan enerji tuketimi almaktadir. Bu nedenle isitma/sogutma amacli enerji tuketiminin azaltilmasi enerji etkinligi saglamada onemlidir. Bu dogrultuda istenmeyen isi kayip ve kazanclarini azaltmak gerekmektedir. Iklime uygun bicimlenme ve kabuk tasarimi, uygun yapi malzemesi secimi ve uygun yapi elemani tasarimiyla istenmeyen isi kayip ve kazanclari azaltilabilinir. Bu calismada yapilarin enerji etkin ozelliklere sahip olmasi amaciyla, yapi elemanlarinin sahip olmasi gereken isi gecirgenlik degerini elde edebilmek icin, Turkiye kosullarinda uygun malzeme secimi ve yapi elemani tasarimi konulari tartisilmistir. Bu d...

Owing to factors such as high living standards and digitalization, energy use is growing. However, the proportion of renewable energy sources is also rising in all energy consumption. Given this use of renewable energy, global warming and environmental issues are still rising. Fossil-based energy species are more polluting and resource-stricken than others. Studies on environmental pollution show that fossil-based energies are the most important pollutants. Fossil-based energy source is still the most consumed type of energy. Besides, the renewable energy sources' consumption is very low. Therefore, it is important to increase the use of renewable energy, which creates cleaner and less emissions. Buildings should have the right clean energy use incentives. The needs such as heating, refrigeration, and lighting can be met by renewable energy. This research aims to explore and demonstrate how renewable energy can profit when fulfilling public building functions. Through using both conventional methods and creative methods together, the rate of use of renewable resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal resources in buildings can be increased. Therefore, major contributions to reducing the environmental issues caused by energy consumption can be made.

Windows are important part of a building’s history; they tell us not only of the changing architectural taste and style but also of social hierarchy, building economics, craft ingenuity and technical advances, and of the ways in which houses and certain building materials were taxed. They are the single element which most serves to establish the character of a building and a whole district. The traditional Turkish house had partitioned glass windows rather than large one-piece types. Windows composed of small square glass partitions are the characteristic types of windows in traditional Turkish homes. This is a convenient architectural style both for privacy and external perspective related concerns. In Turkish architecture, due to the indispensability of timber frame construction, specific dimensions had to be used depending on the structure of the material utilized. The first floor had block stone walls and floors above were of timber frame panel walls. The narrow, vertical spaces...

ABSTRACT Energy consumption of recent buildings in Turkey continues to increase, as it does around the world. Conversely, traditional rural house types perform well in terms of energy efficiency. This study investigated the energy efficiency methods applied in traditional rural houses in the rural Thrace region of Turkey, built using timber, stone and adobe construction methods. The energy-efficient characteristics of the sample structures were identified by investigating their site layout, plan types, building outer shell design and material specifications. This study concludes that in traditional rural houses, prevention of heat-loss has been regarded as highly important; solar energy is highly utilised and the colloquial architecture is well suited to the climatic conditions of the region. This study may contribute to the increased awareness of this subject among designers. The ecological characteristics of traditional rural houses can be applied to current buildings by evaluating and replicating these characteristics.

ABSTRACT The impact of building materials on the environment throughout their life cycle essentially defines the total environmental impact of the buildings in which they are used [11. Ngowi , A.B. 2001. Creating competitive advantage by using environment-friendly building processes. Build. Environ, 36: 291–298. View all references]. Buildings have an enormous and continuously increasing impact on the environment, using about 40% of natural resources extracted in industrialised countries. In order to mitigate the impact of buildings along their life cycle, green building has emerged encouraging the use of more environmental friendly materials. The building materials with low environmental impact give significant ecological characteristics to traditional buildings. Reduced environmental impact of the production process of these materials makes them more environmentally friendly materials, because the environmental impact caused during the production process of the building materials constitutes a large portion of the total environmental impact of a building along its life cycle. This study is aimed at investigating the parameters related to the sustainable resource utilisation that provides ecological quality to building materials. This study has analysed some of the building materials produced in Turkey in terms of the environmental impacts of their production process by developing a point based method. Raw materials used for the production of building materials should not be sourced from exhaustible resources as this diminishes their natural supplies preventing their use by future generations.

Water, which is the indispensable source of our lives, has been served to utilization of human beings by being served to the cities via different water buildings. Among these buildings, fountains are the final buildings that carry water to human beings. The fountains which survived until today as the reflection of socio-economic, cultural and architectural characteristics of the era they were built, are among the important architectural elements of traditional districts of Kırklareli province. The fountains in city center of Kırklareli province are concentrated in bazaar areas and they are also distributed in Kırklareli traditional settlement areas. The purpose of this study is to document the fountains which supply important clues on the development of Kırklareli traditional districts in historical process. At the end of literature reviews, in additional to the existing fountains, by detecting the ones which could not survive until today, the locations of these fountains were determined and their street relations were indicated. Detections were made about the existing fountains and their current situations and utilizations were analyzed and the sustainability of these fountains was discussed.