James A. Russell ADDRESS: Department of Psychology McGuinn Hall Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3807 Tel 617 552 4546 Fax 617 552 0523 e-mail james.russell@bc.edu URL: http://www2.bc.edu/~russeljm/ BIRTH: March 7, 1947, Santa Monica, California DEGREES: Ph.D., 1974, University of California, Los Angeles M.A., 1971, University of California, Los Angeles A.B., 1970, University of California, Los Angeles PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: 2010 - -- Affiliated Research Scholar, Queen Mary Centre for the History of the Emotions, University of London 2010 (Fall) Visiting Professor, Catholic University of Leuven 2003 - 2009 Chair, Department of Psychology, Boston College 2001 - -- Professor of Psychology, Boston College 1995 (June) Visiting Professor, Autonoma University of Madrid 1981 - 1982 Visiting Scholar, IPAR, University of California, Berkeley 1975 - 2001 Assistant Professor to Professor, University of British Columbia 1974 - 1975 Lecturer, University of California, Los Angeles EDITORIAL RESPONSIBILITIES: Editor-in-chief, Emotion Review (2007 – present) Editor, Special Issue, Cognition and Emotion. Editorial Board: Philosophical Psychology (2007 – 2009), Motivation and Emotion (1990 - 2001), Cognition and Emotion (1994 – 2008), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: ASC (1996 – 2001), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: PPID (1997 – 2004), Journal of Nonverbal Behavior (1996-1999), Review of Personality and Social Psychology (1991-1992), Journal of Environmental Psychology (1982-1990) HONORS Killam Research Prize Killam Senior Fellowship UBC Alumni Prize for Research in the Social Sciences UCLA Chancellor's Fellowship PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Fellow, American Psychological Association Fellow, American Psychological Society Member, International Society for Research on Emotion Member, Society for Personality and Social Psychology OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: Invited Keynote Speaker, International Society for Research on Emotion (Cuenca, Spain, June 20-24, 2002); Western Psychological Association (Vancouver, Canada, May 3-6, 2007). Colloquium Speaker, UC Berkeley; U Penn; New York State Psychiatric Institute; Columbia; McGill; Autonoma U of Madrid; U Mass, Boston; U Mass, Amherst; U Amsterdam; Northeastern; Yale, U Geneva, U Leuven, U Ghent, U Lisbon, Oxford, U London. Member, NIH BBBP4 grants review panel, 2002 -03. Member, NSF Social Psychology grants review panel, 2000-2001. Coordinator, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Almagro, Spain, May 1994. Organizer and Co-chairman, Seventh Annual meeting of the Environmental Design Research Association, Vancouver, B.C., May, 1976. SOURCES OF FUNDING NSF, 2004 – 2010; 2009-2012; 2010-2013 Boston College, 2001 – 2004 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 1986 - 2001 UBC Hampton Grant, 1994-96 UBC Humanities and Social Sciences Small Grants Committee, 1975 -2001 Canada Council, 1975 - 1986 Statement of Interests My research interests might seem diverse, ranging from a collaborative study of the role of the amygdala in interpreting facial expressions of emotion to a review of ethnographic and linguistic evidence on cultural variations in people’s concepts of emotion to the psychometrics of testing bipolarity in correlational data. What unifies this diversity is an abiding interest in emotion. My doctoral dissertation examined the idea that behavior within a place is mediated by the emotional quality of that place: how soothing or upsetting, boring or exciting it is. This interest led to more basic questions about the nature of emotion itself. One continuing line of research concerns something I now call ‘core affect.’ Core affect is the neurophysiological state consciously accessible as simply feeling good or bad, energized or enervated. A circumplex model of core affect provides a good fit to data on mood, affective reactions to places, and the emotional interpretation of faces; provides a means of integrating various models of mood; and summarizes results obtained with two-year olds and those speaking various languages. One specific focus has been the question of whether feeling good is, as assumed in the circumplex, the bipolar opposite of feeling bad -- or whether these are better thought of as separable or even independent responses. Another line of research concerns the concepts of ‘emotion,’ ‘fear,’ ‘anger’ and the like. Evidence challenges the classical Aristotelian assumption that these concepts are defined by necessary and sufficient features. Instead, to have the concept of, say, anger is to know a prototype or script for anger. To categorize an event (perceiving oneself or another) as anger is to perceive a resemblance between the event and the script. Resemblance can occur in varying ways and to varying degrees, with no feature of the script necessary or sufficient. Emotion concepts in English resemble but are not identical with emotion concepts in other languages. A third line of research concerns the claim that basic emotions produce facial signals that are easily and universally recognized. There are a variety of ways to account for existing data without making this assumption. A similar conclusion stems from studies of how children come to understand facial expressions. Recently, I turned to the integration of these various strands into a broad framework, called the psychological construction of emotion, which tries to provide a fresh perspective on continuing conceptual debates about the nature of emotion, ranging from the idea that emotions are universal aspects of human nature to the idea that they are artifacts of human culture. Publications For each reference, at the far right is given the number of its citations, as determined by Google Scholar, December 2010 In Press Nelson, N.L. & Russell, J.A. (in press). Children's understanding of nonverbal expressions of pride. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. Russell, J. A. (in press). From a psychological constructionist perspective. In P. Zachar & R. Ellis (Eds.), Categorical versus dimensional models of affect: A seminar on the theories of Panksepp and Russell. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.   Russell, J. A. (in press). Preliminary comments on Panksepp. In P. Zachar & R. Ellis (Eds.). Categorical versus dimensional models of affect: A seminar on the theories of Panksepp and Russell. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. Russell, J. A. (in press). Final remarks. In P. Zachar & R. Ellis (Eds.). Categorical versus dimensional models of affect: A seminar on the theories of Panksepp and Russell. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. 2011 Nelson, N. L., & Russell, J. A. (2011). When dynamic, the head and face alone can express pride. Emotion, 11, 990-993. 3 Nelson, N.L. & Russell, J.A. (2011). Putting motion in emotion: Do dynamic presentations increase preschooler’s recognition of emotion? Cognitive Development. Advance online publication. 3 Nelson, N.L. & Russell, J.A. (2011). Preschoolers’ use of dynamic facial, bodily, and vocal cues to emotion. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110, 52-61. 6 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2011). In building a script for an emotion, do preschoolers add its cause before its behavioral consequence? Social Development, 20, 471-485 Widen, S. C., Christy, A. M., Hewett, K., & Russell, J. A. (2011). Do proposed facial expressions of contempt, shame, embarrassment, and sympathy communicate the predicted emotion? Cognition and Emotion, 25, 896-906. Yik, M., Russell, J. A., & Steiger, J. H. (2011). A 12-point circumplex structure of core affect. Emotion, 11, 705-731. 11 2010 Colibazzi, T., Posner, J., Wang, Z., Gorman, D., Gerber, A., Yu, S., Zhu, H., Kangarlu, A., Duan, Y., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. (2010). Neural systems subserving valence and arousal during the experience of induced emotions: A functional MRI study of the circumplex model of affect. Emotion, 10, 377-389. 32 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A.  (2010).  Children's scripts for social emotions: Causes and consequences are more central than are facial expressions.  British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28, 565-581. 7 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2010). The disgust face conveys anger to children. Emotion, 10, 455-466. 5 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A.  (2010).  Differentiation in preschoolers’ categories for emotion. Emotion, 10, 651-661. 7 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2010). Descriptive and prescriptive definitions of emotion. Emotion Review, 2, 377-378. 6 2009 Barrett, L. F. & Russell, J. A. (2009). Circumplex models. In D. Sander & K. R. Scherer (Eds.), The Oxford companion to emotion and the affective sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Posner, J., Russell, J. A., Gerber, A., Gorman, D., Colibazzi, T., Yu, S., Wang, Z., Kangarlu, A., Zhu, H., &. Peterson, B. S. (2009). The neurophysiological basis of emotion: An fMRI study of the affective circumplex using emotion-denoting words. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 883-895. 21 Russell, J. A. (2009). Emotion, Core Affect, and Psychological Construction. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 1259-1283. 36 Russell, J. A. & Barrett, L. F. (2009). Core affect. In D. Sander & K. R. Scherer (Eds.), The Oxford companion to emotion and the affective sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008 Gerber, A. J., Posner, J., Gorman, D., Colibazzi, T., Yu, S., Wang, Z., Kangarlu, A., Zhu, H., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2008). An affective circumplex model of neural systems subserving valence, arousal, and cognitive overlay during the appraisal of emotional faces. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2129-2139. 40 Russell, J. A. (2008). In defense of a psychological constructionist account of emotion. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 28, 423-429. 3 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2008). Children acquire emotion categories gradually. Cognitive Development, 23, 291-312. 41 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2008). Young children's understanding of other's emotions.  In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 348-363). New York, NY: Guilford. 18 Widen, S. C., & Russell, J. A. (2008). Children’s and adults’ understanding of the “disgust face.“ Cognition and Emotion, 22, 1513-1541. 7 2007 Naab, P. J., & Russell, J. A. (2007). Judgments of emotion from spontaneous facial expressions of New Guineans. Emotion, 7, 736-744. 23 Russell, J. A. (2007). Emotions are not modules. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 36, 53-71. 5 2006 Barchard, K. A., & Russell, J. A. (2006). Bias in consensus scoring, with examples from ability emotional intelligence tests. Psicothema, 18, 49-54. 7 Fridlund, A. J., & Russell, J. A. (2006). The functions of facial expressions: What’s in a face? In V. Manusov & M. L. Patterson (Eds.), Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication. (pp. 299-320). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. 13 Lindquist, K. A., Barrett, L. F., Bliss-Moreau, E, & Russell, J. A. (2006). Language and the perception of emotion. Emotion, 6, 125-138. 67 Russell, J.A. (2006). Emotion studied in Cultural-Developmental Psychology. International Journal of Behavioral Development Supplement, 30, 18-19. 2005 Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B.S. (2005). A circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 715-734. 210 Russell, J. A. (2005). Emotion in human consciousness is built on core affect. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12, 26-42. 19 Russell, J. A. (2005). Emotions and the lexicon. Psychological Inquiry, 16, 26-27. 1 2004 Barchard, K.A., & Russell, J. A. (2004). Psychometric issues in the measurement of emotional intelligence. In G. Geher (Ed.), The measurement of emotional intelligence. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. 4 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2004). The relative power of an emotion's facial expression, label, and behavioral consequence to evoke preschoolers' knowledge of its cause.  Cognitive Development, 19, 111-125. 34 Yik, M. S. M., & Russell, J. A. (2004). On the relationship between circumplexes: Affect and Wiggins’ IAS. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 203-230. 15 2003 Chong, S. C. F., Werker, J. F., Russell, J. A. & Carroll, J. M. (2003). Three facial expressions mothers direct to their infants. Infant and Child Development, 12, 211-232. 24 Fernandez-Dols, J. M. & Russell, J.A. (2003). Emotion, affect and mood in social judgments. In T. Millon & M.J. Lerner (Eds.) Handbook of Psychology. Volume Five: Personality and Social Psychology. (pp. 283-298) New York: Wiley. 3 Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110, 145-172. 1178 Russell, J. A. (2003). Introduction: The return of pleasure. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 161-165. Russell, J. A. (2003; Ed.). Pleasure. Andover, Hampshire U.K.: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. Russell, J. A., Bachorowski, J. A., & Fernandez Dols, J. M. (2003). Facial and vocal expression of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 329-349. 327 Widen, S. C. & Russell, J. A. (2003). A closer look at preschoolers’ freely produced labels for facial expressions. Developmental Psychology, 39, 114-128. 122 Yik, M. S. M., & Russell (2003). Chinese Affect Circumplex: I. Structure of recalled momentary affect. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 6, 185-200. 26 Yik, M. S. M., Russell J. A., & Ahn, C. (2003). Affect among Koreans: New scales and their structure. Korean Journal of Psychology, 22, 115-136. 2 Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., & Suzuki, N. (2003). Relating momentary affect to the Five Factor Model of personality: A Japanese Case. Japanese Psychological Research, 45, 80-93. 35 2002 Fernandez-Dols, J. M., Carrera, P. & Russell, J. A. (2002). Are facial displays social? Situational influences in the attribution of emotion to facial expressions. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 5, 119-124. 5 Russell, J. A. & Barchard, K. (2002). Toward a shared language for emotion and emotional intelligence. In L. Feldman Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.). The wisdom in feelings. (pp. 363-382) NY: Guilford. Russell, J. A., & Widen, S. C. (2002). Words versus faces in evoking preschool children's knowledge of the causes of emotions. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 97-103. 30 Russell, J. A. & Widen, S. C. (2002). A label superiority effect in children's categorization of facial expressions. Social Development, 11, 30-52. 30 Widen, S. C., & Russell, J. A. (2002). Gender and the perception of emotion. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 248-262. 37 Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., Ahn, C., Fernandez Dols, J.-M., & Suzuki, N. (2002). Relating the Five-Factor Model of Personality to a Circumplex Model of Affect: A Five-Language Study. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The Five-Factor Model of Personality across Cultures. (pp. 79-104). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. 22 2001 Yik, M. S. M., & Russell, J. A. (2001) Predicting the Big Two of affect from the Big Five of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 247-277. 53 2000 Russell, J. A., & Lemay, G. (2000). Concepts of emotion. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland (Eds.) Handbook of Emotions, 2nd edition. New York: Guilford. 22 Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., Oceja, L. V., & Fernandez Dols, J. M. (2000). Momentary affect in Spanish: Scales, structure, and relationship to personality. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16, 160-176. 14 1999 Yik, M., & Russell, J. A. (1999). Interpretation of faces: A cross-cultural study of a prediction from Fridlund's theory. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 93-104. 35 Russell, J. A. & Carroll, J. M. (1999). On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 3-30. 667 Carroll, J. M., Yik, M., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999). On the psychometric principles of affect. Review of General Psychology, 3, 14-22. 55 Adolphs, R., Russell, J. A., & Tranel, D. (1999). A role for the amygdala in recognizing arousal from unpleasant stimuli. Psychological Science, 10, 167-171. 164 Russell, J. A. (1999). Emotion communicates. Contemporary Psychology, 44,.26. Russell, J.A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 805-819. 782 Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. A. (1999). The phoenix of bipolarity: A reply to Watson and Tellegen. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 611-617. 61 Barrett, L. F., & Russell, J. A. (1999). The structure of current affect: Controversies and emerging consensus. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 10-14. 293 Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999). The structure of self-reported current affect: Integration and beyond. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 600-619. 195 1998 Feldman Barrett, L., & Russell, J. A. (1998). Independence and bipolarity in the structure of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 967-984. 502 Yik, M. S. M., Meng, Z., & Russell, J. A. (1998). Adults' freely produced emotion labels for babies' spontaneous facial expressions. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 723-730. 18 1997 Carroll, J. M., & Russell, J. A. (1997). Facial expressions in Hollywood's portrayal of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 164-176. 108 Russell, J. A. (1997). How shall an emotion be called? In R. Plutchik and H. Conte (Eds.). Circumplex models of personality and emotion. Pp 205-220. Washington, D.C.: APA Press. 80 Russell, J.A., & Fernandez-Dols, J.M. (Eds.) (1997). The psychology of facial expression. New York: Cambridge University Press. 246 Russell, J.A., & Fernandez-Dols, J.M. (1997). What does a facial expression mean? In J. A. Russell & J. M. Fernandez-Dols (Eds.), The psychology of facial expression. Pp 3-30. New York: Cambridge University Press. 87 Russell, J. A. (1997) Reading emotion from and into faces: Resurrecting a dimensional-contextual perspective. In J. A. Russell & J. M. Fernandez-Dols Eds.), The psychology of facial expression. Pp 295-320. New York: Cambridge University Press. 169 1996 Russell, J.A., & Yik, M.S.M. (1996). Emotion among the Chinese. In M.H. Bond (Ed.)., The Handbook of Chinese Psychology. pp. 166-188. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. 142 Carroll, J.M. & Russell, J.A. (1996). Do facial expressions express specific emotions? Judging emotion from the face in context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 205-218. 220 1995 Genereux, R.L., Ward, L.M., & Russell, J.A. (1995). The behavioral component in the meaning of places. In L. Groat (ed.). Giving places meaning. San Diego: Academic. (Original article published 1983) Russell, J.A., & Sato, K. (1995). Comparing emotion words between languages. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 384-391. 24 Russell, J.A. (1995). Facial expressions of emotion: What lies beyond minimal universality? Psychological Bulletin, 118, 379-391. 121 Russell, J.A., Fernandez-Dols, J.M., Manstead, A.S.R., & Wellenkamp, J.C. (Eds.). (1995). Everyday conceptions of emotion: An introduction to the psychology, anthropology, and linguistics of emotion. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic. 49 Russell, J.A. (1995) Facial expressions of emotion. In A.S.R. Manstead & M. Hewstone (Eds.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of social psychology. Oxford: Blackwell. Snodgrass, J., Russell, J. A., & Ward, L. M. (1995). Planning, mood, and place-liking. In T. Garling (Ed.). Readings in Environmental psychology: Urban cognition. London: Academic Press. (Original work published 1988) 1994 Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 102-141. 780 Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. In A. J. Fridlund. Human facial expression: An evoltuionary view. (Pps. 194-268). San Diego, CA: Academic. (Original work published 1994). Russell, J.A. (1994). Essential reading on emotion [Review of K.T. Strongman's International Review of Studies on Emotion, Vol. 2] Contemporary Psychology, 39, 21-22. Russell, J.A., & Fehr, B. (1994). Fuzzy concepts in a fuzzy hierarchy: Varieties of anger. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 186-205. 161 Russell, J.A., & Paris, F.A. (1994). Do children acquire concepts for complex emotions abruptly? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 17, 349-365. 38 1993 Russell, J. A. (1993). Forced-choice response format in the study of facial expression. Motivation and Emotion, 17, 41-51. 51 Russell, J. A., Suzuki, N., & Ishida, N. (1993). Canadian, Greek and Japanese freely produced emotion labels for facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion, 17, 337-352. 1992 41 Coren, S., & Russell, J. A. (1992). The relative dominance of different facial expressions of emotion under conditions of perceptual ambiguity. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 539-556. 27 Russell, J. A. (1992). En defensa de una aproximacion a los conceptos emocionales desde la perspectiva de los prototipos. Revista de Psicologia Social, 7, 75-95. (Original version published 1991) 4 Russell, J. A. (1992). Brief comments on the study of emotion concepts. Revista de Psicologia Social, 7, 259, 263. 2 1991 Fehr, B., & Russell, J.A. (1991). The concept of love viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 425-438. 164 Russell, J. A. (1991). Rejoinder to Ekman, O'Sullivan, and Matsumoto. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 177-184. 7 Russell, J. A. (1991). Natural language concepts of emotion. In D. J. Ozer, J. M. Healy, Jr., & A. J. Stewart (Eds.), Perspectives in personality: Self and emotion (pp. 119-137) London: Jessica Kingsley. 8 Russell, J.A. (1991). In defense of a prototype approach to emotion concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 37-47. 139 Russell, J. A. (1991). Culture and the categorization of emotion. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 426-450. 535 Russell, J. A. (1991). The contempt expression and the relativity thesis. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 149-168. 56 Russell, J. A. (1991). Negative results on a reported facial expression of contempt. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 281-291. 35 1990 Russell, J.A. (1990). The preschooler’s understanding of the causes and consequences of emotion. Child Development, 61, 1872-1881. 52 1989 Russell, J. A. (1989). Measures of emotion. In R. Plutchik & H. Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, research and experience (Vol. 4, pp. 83-111). New York: Academic Press. 168 Russell, J. A. (1989). Culture, scripts, and children's understanding of emotion. In C. Saarni & P. L. Harris (Eds.), Children's understanding of emotions. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press. 73 Russell, J.A., Weiss, A., & Mendelsohn, G.A. (1989). Affect Grid: A single-item scale of pleasure and arousal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 493-502. 566 Russell, J.A., Lewicka, M., & Niit, T. (1989). A cross-cultural study of a circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 848-856. 208 1988 Russell, J. A. (1988). Affective appraisals of environments. In J. L. Nasar (Ed.), Environmental aesthetics: Theory, research, and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Russell, J. A. (1988). A review of R. Gifford's Environmental psychology. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 20, 230-231. Russell, J. A., & Fehr, B. (1988). Reply to Ekman and O'Sullivan. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 89-90. 4 Snodgrass, J., Russell, J. A., & Ward, L. M. (1988). Planning, mood, and place-liking. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8, 209-222. 17 Ward, L. M., Snodgrass, J., Chew, B., & Russell, J. A. (1988). The role of plans in cognitive and affective responses to places. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8, 1-8. 26 1987 Russell, J. A. (1987). Comments on articles by Frijda and by Conway and Bekerian. Cognition and Emotion, 1, 193-199. 27 Russell, J. A., & Fehr, B. (1987). Relativity in the perception of emotion in facial expressions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 223-237. 126 Russell, J.A., & Snodgrass, J. (1987). Emotion and the environment. In D. Stokols and I. Altman (Eds.), Handbook of Environmental Psychology. New York: Wiley. 250 1986 Bullock, M., & Russell, J.A. (1986). Concepts of emotion in developmental psychology. In C.E. Izard & P. Read (Eds.), Measuring emotions in infants and children: Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 49 Russell, J.A., & Bullock, M. (1986). Fuzzy concepts and the perception of emotion in facial expressions. Social Cognition, 4, 309-341. 91 Russell, J.A., & Bullock, M. (1986). On the dimensions preschoolers use to interpret facial expressions of emotion. Developmental Psychology, 22, 97-102. 82 Russell, J.A., & Woudzia, L. (1986). Affective judgments, common sense, and Zajonc's thesis of independence. Motivation and Emotion, 10, 169-183. 7 1985 Bullock, M., & Russell, J.A. (1985). Further evidence on preschoolers' interpretation of facial expressions. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 8, 15-38. 59 Russell, J.A., & Bullock, M. (1985). Multidimensional scaling of emotional facial expressions: Similarity from preschoolers to adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1290-1298. 201 1984 Bullock, M., & Russell, J.A. (1984). Preschool children's interpretation of facial expressions of emotion. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 7, 193-214. 88 Fehr, B., & Russell, J.A. (1984). Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 464-486. 563 Ridgeway, D., Hare, R.D., Waters, E., & Russell, J.A. (1984). Affect and sensation seeking. Motivation and Emotion, 8, 205-210. 4 Russell, J.A., & Lanius, U. (1984). Adaptation level and the affective appraisal of environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 4, 119-135. 82 1983 Genereux, R.L., Ward, L.M., & Russell, J.A. (1983). The behavioral component in the meaning of places. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3, 43-55. 62 Russell, J.A. (1983). Pancultural aspects of the human conceptual organization of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1281-1288. 226 Russell, J.A., & Ridgeway, D. (1983). Dimensions underlying children's emotion concepts. Developmental Psychology, 19, 795-804. 94 1982 Fehr, B., Russell, J.A., & Ward, L.M. (1982). Prototypicality of emotions: A reaction time study. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 20, 253-254. 29 Russell, J.A., & Steiger, J.H. (1982). The structure in persons' implicit taxonomy of emotions. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 447-469. 36 Russell, J.A., & Ward, L.M. (1982). Environmental psychology. In M. R. Rosenzweig & L. W. Porter (Eds), Annual Review of of Psychology: Vol. 33 (pp. 651-688). 188 1981 Russell, J.A., Ward, L.M., & Pratt, G. (198l). The affective quality attributed to environments: A factor analytic study. Environment and Behavior, 1981, 13, 259-288. 170 Russell, J.A., & Ward, L.M. (198l). On the psychological reality of environmental meaning: A reply to Daniel and Ittelson. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 163-168. 4 Russell, J.A. (198l). An emotion research sampler. [A review of K.R. Blankstein, P. Pliner, & J. Polivy, Assessment and modification of emotional behavior] Contemporary Psychology, 26, 450-451. Ward, L.M., & Russell, J.A. (198l). Cognitive set and the perception of place. Environment and Behavior, 1981, 13, 610-632. 32 Ward, L.M., & Russell, J.A. (198l). The psychological representation of molar physical environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 121-152. 143 1980 Ridgeway, D., & Russell, J.A. (1980). Reliability and validity of the sensation-seeking scale: Psychometric problems in Form V. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 662-664. 39 Russell, J.A., & Pratt, G. (1980). A description of the affective quality of environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 311-322. 439 Russell, J.A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161-1178. 3629 Russell, J.A., & Bond, C.R. (1980). Individual differences in beliefs concerning emotions conducive to alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 41, 753-759. 12 Ward, L.M., Russell, J.A., & Clement, N. (1980). Psychological aspects of wave climate in small craft harbors. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10. Ms. 2157. 1979 Russell, J.A. (1979). Affective space is bipolar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 345-356. 434 Russell, J.A., & Bond, C.R. (1979). Beliefs among college students on settings and emotions conducive to alcohol and marijuana use. International Journal of the Addictions, 14, 977-986. 7 1978 Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. (1978). A questionnaire measure of habitual alcohol use. Psychological Reports, 43, 803-806. 43 Russell, J.A. (1978). Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1152-1168. 241 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1978). Approach-avoidance and affiliation as functions of the emotion-eliciting quality of an environment. Environment and Behavior, 10, 355-387. 97 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1978). Environmental, task and temperamental effects on work performance. Humanitas, 14, 75-95. 5 1977 Russell, J.A., & Ward, L.M. (1977). From cognitive mapping to environmental cognition. [A review of G.T. Moore and R.G. Golledge (Eds.), Environmental Knowing: Theories, Research and Methods], Contemporary Psychology, 22, 692-694. Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1977). Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 273-294. 571 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1977). Environmental effects on drug use. Environmental Psychology and Nonverbal Behavior, 2, 109-123. 16 Suedfeld, P., Russell, J.A., Ward, L.M. Szigeti, F., & Davis, G. (Eds.). (1977). The behavioral basis of design/EDRA, Book 2. Stroudsburg, Penna.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross. 1976 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1976). Some behavioral effects of the physical environment. In S. Wapner, S. Cohen and B. Kaplan (Eds.), Experiencing the environment (pp. 5-l8). New York: Plenum. 32 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1976). Environmental variables in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 3, 62-63. 89 Suedfeld, P., Russell, J.A., Ward, L.M., Coren, S., Gruft, A., & Collins, J.B. (Eds.). (1976). The behavioral basis of design/EDRA, Book I. Stroudsburg, Penna.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross. 1975 Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. (1975). Environmental effects on affiliation among strangers. Humanitas, 11, 219-230. 37 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1975). Task, setting, and personality variables affecting the desire to work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 518-520. 12 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1975). The mediating role of emotions in alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 1508-1536. 113 1974 Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 2314 Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. (1974). The basic emotional impact of environments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 38, 283-301. 39 Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. (1974). A verbal measure of information rate for studies in environmental psychology. Environment and Behavior, 6, 233-252. 66 Russell, J.A., & Mehrabian, A. (1974). Distinguishing anger and anxiety in terms of emotional response factors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 79-83. 66 1973 Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. (1973). A measure of arousal seeking tendency. Environment and Behavior, 5, 315-333. 77 ----------------------------------------------------------- Total Citations (as of Dec 2010) 20,588 H 51 ames A. Russell page September 2011