Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
Engineering field nurtures a variety of superalloys and its wide applications due to the inherent... more Engineering field nurtures a variety of superalloys and its wide applications due to the inherent properties of such material. The prime concern of working engineers is to explore reliability, quality, economy, and machinability analysis of these superalloys. In this work, sustainable machining of Monel 400superalloy using PVD multilayer coated carbide tool under dry turning was studied. Surface roughness (Ra, Rz, and Rq), power (P) and cutting force (Fc) were addressed as responses. The subsequent effect of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on the responses was explored through response surface methodology (RSM), statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis. Details of tool wear was observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM) to know the cutting behavior at interface. Further, the reliability and economic analysis were performed to substantiate the feasibility of cutting insert. The investigation reveals that surface roughness was affected by fee...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine
Using the Taguchi’s robust design of experiments methodology, this article presents the systemati... more Using the Taguchi’s robust design of experiments methodology, this article presents the systematic identification and optimization of most influential parameters of deep cryogenic treatment process to minimize the specific wear rate of UNS R56700 (Ti6Al7Nb). In addition to the different soaking durations (0–96 h) at 77 K and different tempering temperatures (room temperature, 403–523 K), three commonly used variables of pin-on-disk test, namely, sliding speed (1.047–2.723 ms−1), contact pressure (0.641–1.282 MPa), and sliding time (600–2280 s) were chosen to conduct the tests. During dry sliding conditions, pin-on-disk tribo-tests were performed to slide Ti6Al7Nb on the surface of UNS 52986 (En31) material as per standardized ASTM G99 guidelines. Experimentally measured wear rate values were converted to signal–noise ratio to statistically analyze the influence of five control variables using pooled analysis of variance and F-test. Statistically found influential control variables a...
Abstract: Vehicles such as trucks, buses and cars often get stuck up in muddy trenches or in snow... more Abstract: Vehicles such as trucks, buses and cars often get stuck up in muddy trenches or in snow with one of wheels in the trench and the other on level ground. With an open differential, driver's effort to pull the vehicle out normally ends up with one wheel, which is rotating still going ...
ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment has been acknowledged by many researchers, as one of the methods imp... more ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment has been acknowledged by many researchers, as one of the methods improving performance of cutting tool materials. In the present study, tungsten carbide-cobalt cutting tool inserts were subjected to cryogenic treatment (–196 °C) and then post-tempered (200 °C) with varying number of tempering cycles, to study the effect of multi-tempering after the cryogenic treatment of the inserts. Machining performance of the untreated and multi-tempered after the cryogenic treatment inserts, was evaluated using multilevel full factorial design in terms of main cutting force and flank wear of the inserts in the turning process, and modeled as Taylor's tool life equation. Since life of the cutting tool is most influenced by cutting speed followed by feed rate and depth of cut, these are taken as input parameters with constant depth of cut. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of cutting inserts were analyzed to understand the tool wear behavior. Overall, the cryogenic treatment followed by tempering helped in improving the performance of the inserts compared to untreated inserts. However, three tempering cycles after cryogenic treatment has shown the most significant improvement. More than three post-tempering cycles during cryogenic treatment reduced the cryogenic effect on the treated inserts.
ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment is a recent advancement in the field of machining to improve the pro... more ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment is a recent advancement in the field of machining to improve the properties of cutting tool materials. Tungsten carbide is the most commonly used cutting tool material in the industry and the technique can also be extended to it. Although the importance of tempering after cryogenic treatment has been discussed by many researchers, very little information is available in published literature about the effect of multi-tempering after cryogenic treatment. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand effect of the number of post-tempering cycles during cryogenic treatment on tungsten carbide–cobalt inserts. Metallurgical investigations have been performed to observe the effect of such post-tempering on the inserts by analysing microhardness and micro-structural changes. The crystal structure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Metallurgical investigations revealed a significant improvement in tungsten carbide inserts having three tempering cycles, after cryogenic treatment, with marginal differences for two cycles of tempered inserts, established by the study of wear behaviour in turning.
Page 1. Comparative study to analyze the effect of tempering during cryogenic treatment of tungst... more Page 1. Comparative study to analyze the effect of tempering during cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools in turning Nirmal S Kalsi 1,a , Rakesh Sehgal 2,b , Vishal S Sharma 3,c ... Flank wear was approximately 10% lesser than of the untreated inserts. Thakur et al. ...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
Engineering field nurtures a variety of superalloys and its wide applications due to the inherent... more Engineering field nurtures a variety of superalloys and its wide applications due to the inherent properties of such material. The prime concern of working engineers is to explore reliability, quality, economy, and machinability analysis of these superalloys. In this work, sustainable machining of Monel 400superalloy using PVD multilayer coated carbide tool under dry turning was studied. Surface roughness (Ra, Rz, and Rq), power (P) and cutting force (Fc) were addressed as responses. The subsequent effect of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on the responses was explored through response surface methodology (RSM), statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis. Details of tool wear was observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM) to know the cutting behavior at interface. Further, the reliability and economic analysis were performed to substantiate the feasibility of cutting insert. The investigation reveals that surface roughness was affected by fee...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine
Using the Taguchi’s robust design of experiments methodology, this article presents the systemati... more Using the Taguchi’s robust design of experiments methodology, this article presents the systematic identification and optimization of most influential parameters of deep cryogenic treatment process to minimize the specific wear rate of UNS R56700 (Ti6Al7Nb). In addition to the different soaking durations (0–96 h) at 77 K and different tempering temperatures (room temperature, 403–523 K), three commonly used variables of pin-on-disk test, namely, sliding speed (1.047–2.723 ms−1), contact pressure (0.641–1.282 MPa), and sliding time (600–2280 s) were chosen to conduct the tests. During dry sliding conditions, pin-on-disk tribo-tests were performed to slide Ti6Al7Nb on the surface of UNS 52986 (En31) material as per standardized ASTM G99 guidelines. Experimentally measured wear rate values were converted to signal–noise ratio to statistically analyze the influence of five control variables using pooled analysis of variance and F-test. Statistically found influential control variables a...
Abstract: Vehicles such as trucks, buses and cars often get stuck up in muddy trenches or in snow... more Abstract: Vehicles such as trucks, buses and cars often get stuck up in muddy trenches or in snow with one of wheels in the trench and the other on level ground. With an open differential, driver's effort to pull the vehicle out normally ends up with one wheel, which is rotating still going ...
ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment has been acknowledged by many researchers, as one of the methods imp... more ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment has been acknowledged by many researchers, as one of the methods improving performance of cutting tool materials. In the present study, tungsten carbide-cobalt cutting tool inserts were subjected to cryogenic treatment (–196 °C) and then post-tempered (200 °C) with varying number of tempering cycles, to study the effect of multi-tempering after the cryogenic treatment of the inserts. Machining performance of the untreated and multi-tempered after the cryogenic treatment inserts, was evaluated using multilevel full factorial design in terms of main cutting force and flank wear of the inserts in the turning process, and modeled as Taylor's tool life equation. Since life of the cutting tool is most influenced by cutting speed followed by feed rate and depth of cut, these are taken as input parameters with constant depth of cut. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of cutting inserts were analyzed to understand the tool wear behavior. Overall, the cryogenic treatment followed by tempering helped in improving the performance of the inserts compared to untreated inserts. However, three tempering cycles after cryogenic treatment has shown the most significant improvement. More than three post-tempering cycles during cryogenic treatment reduced the cryogenic effect on the treated inserts.
ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment is a recent advancement in the field of machining to improve the pro... more ABSTRACT Cryogenic treatment is a recent advancement in the field of machining to improve the properties of cutting tool materials. Tungsten carbide is the most commonly used cutting tool material in the industry and the technique can also be extended to it. Although the importance of tempering after cryogenic treatment has been discussed by many researchers, very little information is available in published literature about the effect of multi-tempering after cryogenic treatment. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand effect of the number of post-tempering cycles during cryogenic treatment on tungsten carbide–cobalt inserts. Metallurgical investigations have been performed to observe the effect of such post-tempering on the inserts by analysing microhardness and micro-structural changes. The crystal structure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Metallurgical investigations revealed a significant improvement in tungsten carbide inserts having three tempering cycles, after cryogenic treatment, with marginal differences for two cycles of tempered inserts, established by the study of wear behaviour in turning.
Page 1. Comparative study to analyze the effect of tempering during cryogenic treatment of tungst... more Page 1. Comparative study to analyze the effect of tempering during cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools in turning Nirmal S Kalsi 1,a , Rakesh Sehgal 2,b , Vishal S Sharma 3,c ... Flank wear was approximately 10% lesser than of the untreated inserts. Thakur et al. ...
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