Brahmin

Brahmin priests

Sarong grupo nin Brahmin naggigibo nin achaman asin chanting. India, 1913.

Sarong Burmese na pading Brahmin, Dinastiyang Konbaung, ika-18 na siglo.

Sarong pamilyang Brahmin, ika-9 na siglo. Prambanan, Indonesia.

Sarong Brahmin nakatindog namimibi sa kanto kan tinapo.India, 1863

An Brahmin (Sanskrito: ब्राह्मण, romanisado: brāhma) sarong varna asin man sarong kasta sa laog nin sosyedad na Hindu. An mga Brahmin inaapod na grupo nin mga padi mantang sinda naglilingkod bilang mga padi (purohit, pandit, o pujari) asin relihiyosong mga paratokdo (guru o acharya). An iba pang tulong varna iyo an Kshatriya, Vaishya asin Shudra.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

An tradisyonal na okupasyon kan mga Brahmin iyo an sa pagkasaserdote sa mga templong Hindu o sa mga seremonyang sosyo-relihiyoso, asin seremonya kan mga passage na ritwal arog kan pagsolemnar nin kasal na may mga himno asin pamibi.^[6]^[7] Tradisyonal na tinatawan nin pinakahalangkaw na ritwal an mga Brahmin kan apat na mga klase sosyal.^[8] An saindang pagbuhay sinasabing saro sa istriktong awsteridad asin gikan sa boluntaryong pagtios ("An Brahmin dapat makakua kan mga igo na sana sa panahon na idto, an saiyang ginana iyo an maninigo niyang gamiton gabos na idto sa parehong aldaw"). Sa kaugalian, an mga teksto sa India nagsusuherir na an nagkapirang Brahmin sa kasaysayan nagin man mga agrikulturalista, guerrero, negosyante, asin nagkapot man nin iba pang okupasyon sa subkontinente nin India.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Toltolan

↑ Benjamin Lee Wren (2004). Teaching World Civilization with Joy and Enthusiasm. University Press of America. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-0-7618-2747-4. At the top were the Brahmins(priests), then the Kshatriyas(warriors), then the vaishya(the merchant class which only in India had a place of honor in Asia), next were the sudras(farmers), and finally the pariah(untouchables), or those who did the dirty defiling work
↑ Kenneth R. Valpey (2 November 2019). Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics. Springer Nature. pp. 169–. ISBN 978-3-03-028408-4. The four varnas are the brahmins (brahmanas—priests, teachers); kshatriyas (ksatriyas—administrators, rulers); vaishyas (vaisyas—farmers, bankers, business people); and shudras(laborers, artisans)
↑ Richard Bulliet; Pamela Crossley; Daniel Headrick; Steven Hirsch; Lyman Johnson (11 October 2018). The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I. Cengage Learning. pp. 172–. ISBN 978-0-357-15937-8. Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/ administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.
↑ Akira Iriye (1979). The World of Asia. Forum Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-88273-500-9. The four varna groupings in descending order of their importance came to be Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and administrators), Vaishya (cultivators and merchants), and Sudra (peasants and menial laborers)
↑ Ludo Rocher (2014). "9.Caste and occupation in classical India: The normative texts". In Donald R. Davis, Jr. Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmaśāstra. Anthem Press. pp. 205–206. ISBN 9781783083152.
↑ James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8, page 125
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5, pages 15–18
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions. Springfield, MA, USA: Merriam-Webster. pp. 141–142, 186. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
↑ David Shulman (1989), The King and the Clown, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-00834-9, page 111

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[Wren2004-1] Benjamin Lee Wren (2004). Teaching World Civilization with Joy and Enthusiasm. University Press of America. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-0-7618-2747-4. At the top were the Brahmins(priests), then the Kshatriyas(warriors), then the vaishya(the merchant class which only in India had a place of honor in Asia), next were the sudras(farmers), and finally the pariah(untouchables), or those who did the dirty defiling work

[Valpey2019-2] Kenneth R. Valpey (2 November 2019). Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics. Springer Nature. pp. 169–. ISBN 978-3-03-028408-4. The four varnas are the brahmins (brahmanas—priests, teachers); kshatriyas (ksatriyas—administrators, rulers); vaishyas (vaisyas—farmers, bankers, business people); and shudras(laborers, artisans)

[BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018-3] Richard Bulliet; Pamela Crossley; Daniel Headrick; Steven Hirsch; Lyman Johnson (11 October 2018). The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I. Cengage Learning. pp. 172–. ISBN 978-0-357-15937-8. Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/ administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.

[Iriye1979-4] Akira Iriye (1979). The World of Asia. Forum Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-88273-500-9. The four varna groupings in descending order of their importance came to be Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and administrators), Vaishya (cultivators and merchants), and Sudra (peasants and menial laborers)

[ludo14-5] Ludo Rocher (2014). "9.Caste and occupation in classical India: The normative texts". In Donald R. Davis, Jr. Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmaśāstra. Anthem Press. pp. 205–206. ISBN 9781783083152.

[lochtefeld125-6] James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8, page 125

[ghurye15-7] 7.0 ^7.1 GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5, pages 15–18

[doniger141-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions. Springfield, MA, USA: Merriam-Webster. pp. 141–142, 186. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.

[David_Shulman_1989_page_111-9] David Shulman (1989), The King and the Clown, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-00834-9, page 111

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