The causes of the performance gap between the predicted energy demand and actual End Use Energy D... more The causes of the performance gap between the predicted energy demand and actual End Use Energy Demand (EUED) are seen to be underpinned by two main issues. The first issue is the assumptions for the modelling tools in term of physical attributes of buildings, building system and occupants. The second issue, which is more problematic, is whether the given inputs to the modelling tools are realistic or not, in particular, business requirements (fixed or flexible schedules), occupancy (level, pattern & behaviour) and Building Management System (BMS) which can be overly simplified and are unable to address the dynamism between factors within buildings. This over-simplification (often necessary to run the model) is seen the major cause of the performance gap. In this paper, the authors attempt to address one of the issues with regards to the occupancy in large public buildings with significant people movement, such as subway station, museums, public library. The traditional approach is ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Various energy simulation tools are used to predict energy consumption in buildings at different ... more Various energy simulation tools are used to predict energy consumption in buildings at different stages from design to post-occupancy and maintenance. The inaccuracy and insufficiency of inputs used for building energy simulation (BES) often cause a discrepancy between the predicted and actual energy consumption. Inaccurate energy consumption estimations affect the accomplishment of the sustainability goals and reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings. The review of the existing literature suggests that the potential causes of the aforementioned uncertainty in building energy predictions are divided into 2 categories: human error (in design, construction, energy modelling, etc.) and the inaccuracy and insufficiency of inputs in BES. This research proposes the way forward for BES tools to improve their accuracy by enhancing the precision of various energy simulation inputs, integration of real-time data and use of machine learning and other emerging technologies.
Building energy performance is commonly calculated during the last phases of design, where most d... more Building energy performance is commonly calculated during the last phases of design, where most design specifications get fixed and are unlikely to be majorly modified based on design programs. Predictive models could play a significant role in informing architects and designers of the impact of their design decisions on energy consumption in buildings during early design stages. A building outline is a significant predictor of the final energy consumption and is conceptually determined by architects in the early design phases. This paper evaluates the impact of a building’s outline on energy consumption using synthetic data to achieve appropriate predictive models in estimating a building’s energy consumption. Four office outlines are selected in this study, including square, T-, U-, and L-shapes. Besides the shape parameter, other building features commonly used in literature (i.e., Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), external wall material properties, glazing U-value, windows' shadin...
In building energy predictions, the default occupancy is defined by the space function with fixed... more In building energy predictions, the default occupancy is defined by the space function with fixed schedules. However, the occupancy of public buildings, such as galleries, recreational and educational buildings, have great variations during high and low seasons. In multifunctional public spaces, occupancy is related to space design features, which would determine the types of activities and occupants’ duration of presences. This research investigates the impacts of space design on occupancy in multifunctional spaces of public buildings using multiple cases. This study confirms that considering actual space design features will contribute in improving the accuracy of energy predictions in public buildings.
In the past 15 years, the calculation of energy consumption in buildings has become more and more... more In the past 15 years, the calculation of energy consumption in buildings has become more and more critical due to growing scientific and political concerns to respond to the challenges of global warming and climate change. The estimation of energy demand in buildings is now often a required process during the design stages. Yet, there is a considerable discrepancy between the predicted and actual energy consumption in buildings due to occupantsO energy consumption activities. OccupantsO presence and their interactions with building systems play a significant role in buildingOs energy consumption; however, it has been overlooked in building energy predictions. Different studies have been performed with the aim to better understand the parameters affecting occupantOs energy behaviour with special focus on climatic, economics, regulations and social/personal aspects. Interior design of the space, too, has various impacts on behaviours of occupants and their interactions with building s...
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management
PurposeThis paper aims to examine the current technology acceptance model (TAM) in the field of m... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine the current technology acceptance model (TAM) in the field of mixed reality and digital twin (MRDT) and identify key factors affecting users' intentions to use MRDT. The factors are used as a set of key metrics for proposing a predictive model for virtual, augmented and mixed reality (MR) acceptance by users. This model is called the extended TAM for MRDT adoption in the architecture, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) industry.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretivist philosophical lens was adopted to conduct an inductive systematic and bibliographical analysis of secondary data contained within published journal articles that focused upon MRDT acceptance modelling. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach to meta-analysis were adopted to ensure all key investigations were included in the final database set. Quantity indicators such as path coefficients, factor ranking, Cronbach’s ...
Over the past 15 years, the evaluation of energy demand and use in buildings has become increasin... more Over the past 15 years, the evaluation of energy demand and use in buildings has become increasingly acute due to growing scientific and political pressure around the world in response to climate change. The estimation of the use of energy in buildings is therefore a critical process during the design stage. This paper presents a review of the literature published in leading journals through Science Direct and Scopus databases within this research domain to establish research trends, and importantly, to identify research gaps for future investigation. It has been widely acknowledged in the literature that there is an alarming performance gap between the predicted and actual energy consumption of buildings (sometimes this has been up to 300% difference). Analysis of the impact of occupants' behaviour has been largely overlooked in building energy performance analysis. In short, energy simulation tools utilise climatic data and physical/ thermal properties of building elements in their calculations, and the impact of occupants is only considered through means of fixed and scheduled patterns of behaviour. This research review identified a number of areas for future research including: larger scale analysis (e.g. urban analysis); interior design, in terms of space layout, and fixtures and fittings on occupants' behaviour; psychological cognitive behavioural methods; and the integration of quantitative and qualitative research findings in energy simulation tools to name but a few.
The causes of the performance gap between the predicted energy demand and actual End Use Energy D... more The causes of the performance gap between the predicted energy demand and actual End Use Energy Demand (EUED) are seen to be underpinned by two main issues. The first issue is the assumptions for the modelling tools in term of physical attributes of buildings, building system and occupants. The second issue, which is more problematic, is whether the given inputs to the modelling tools are realistic or not, in particular, business requirements (fixed or flexible schedules), occupancy (level, pattern & behaviour) and Building Management System (BMS) which can be overly simplified and are unable to address the dynamism between factors within buildings. This over-simplification (often necessary to run the model) is seen the major cause of the performance gap. In this paper, the authors attempt to address one of the issues with regards to the occupancy in large public buildings with significant people movement, such as subway station, museums, public library. The traditional approach is ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Various energy simulation tools are used to predict energy consumption in buildings at different ... more Various energy simulation tools are used to predict energy consumption in buildings at different stages from design to post-occupancy and maintenance. The inaccuracy and insufficiency of inputs used for building energy simulation (BES) often cause a discrepancy between the predicted and actual energy consumption. Inaccurate energy consumption estimations affect the accomplishment of the sustainability goals and reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings. The review of the existing literature suggests that the potential causes of the aforementioned uncertainty in building energy predictions are divided into 2 categories: human error (in design, construction, energy modelling, etc.) and the inaccuracy and insufficiency of inputs in BES. This research proposes the way forward for BES tools to improve their accuracy by enhancing the precision of various energy simulation inputs, integration of real-time data and use of machine learning and other emerging technologies.
Building energy performance is commonly calculated during the last phases of design, where most d... more Building energy performance is commonly calculated during the last phases of design, where most design specifications get fixed and are unlikely to be majorly modified based on design programs. Predictive models could play a significant role in informing architects and designers of the impact of their design decisions on energy consumption in buildings during early design stages. A building outline is a significant predictor of the final energy consumption and is conceptually determined by architects in the early design phases. This paper evaluates the impact of a building’s outline on energy consumption using synthetic data to achieve appropriate predictive models in estimating a building’s energy consumption. Four office outlines are selected in this study, including square, T-, U-, and L-shapes. Besides the shape parameter, other building features commonly used in literature (i.e., Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), external wall material properties, glazing U-value, windows' shadin...
In building energy predictions, the default occupancy is defined by the space function with fixed... more In building energy predictions, the default occupancy is defined by the space function with fixed schedules. However, the occupancy of public buildings, such as galleries, recreational and educational buildings, have great variations during high and low seasons. In multifunctional public spaces, occupancy is related to space design features, which would determine the types of activities and occupants’ duration of presences. This research investigates the impacts of space design on occupancy in multifunctional spaces of public buildings using multiple cases. This study confirms that considering actual space design features will contribute in improving the accuracy of energy predictions in public buildings.
In the past 15 years, the calculation of energy consumption in buildings has become more and more... more In the past 15 years, the calculation of energy consumption in buildings has become more and more critical due to growing scientific and political concerns to respond to the challenges of global warming and climate change. The estimation of energy demand in buildings is now often a required process during the design stages. Yet, there is a considerable discrepancy between the predicted and actual energy consumption in buildings due to occupantsO energy consumption activities. OccupantsO presence and their interactions with building systems play a significant role in buildingOs energy consumption; however, it has been overlooked in building energy predictions. Different studies have been performed with the aim to better understand the parameters affecting occupantOs energy behaviour with special focus on climatic, economics, regulations and social/personal aspects. Interior design of the space, too, has various impacts on behaviours of occupants and their interactions with building s...
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management
PurposeThis paper aims to examine the current technology acceptance model (TAM) in the field of m... more PurposeThis paper aims to examine the current technology acceptance model (TAM) in the field of mixed reality and digital twin (MRDT) and identify key factors affecting users' intentions to use MRDT. The factors are used as a set of key metrics for proposing a predictive model for virtual, augmented and mixed reality (MR) acceptance by users. This model is called the extended TAM for MRDT adoption in the architecture, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) industry.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretivist philosophical lens was adopted to conduct an inductive systematic and bibliographical analysis of secondary data contained within published journal articles that focused upon MRDT acceptance modelling. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach to meta-analysis were adopted to ensure all key investigations were included in the final database set. Quantity indicators such as path coefficients, factor ranking, Cronbach’s ...
Over the past 15 years, the evaluation of energy demand and use in buildings has become increasin... more Over the past 15 years, the evaluation of energy demand and use in buildings has become increasingly acute due to growing scientific and political pressure around the world in response to climate change. The estimation of the use of energy in buildings is therefore a critical process during the design stage. This paper presents a review of the literature published in leading journals through Science Direct and Scopus databases within this research domain to establish research trends, and importantly, to identify research gaps for future investigation. It has been widely acknowledged in the literature that there is an alarming performance gap between the predicted and actual energy consumption of buildings (sometimes this has been up to 300% difference). Analysis of the impact of occupants' behaviour has been largely overlooked in building energy performance analysis. In short, energy simulation tools utilise climatic data and physical/ thermal properties of building elements in their calculations, and the impact of occupants is only considered through means of fixed and scheduled patterns of behaviour. This research review identified a number of areas for future research including: larger scale analysis (e.g. urban analysis); interior design, in terms of space layout, and fixtures and fittings on occupants' behaviour; psychological cognitive behavioural methods; and the integration of quantitative and qualitative research findings in energy simulation tools to name but a few.
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Papers by Elham Delzendeh