Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, con... more Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus o...
Enzymes play a significant role in different industries related to food, pharmaceutical, agricult... more Enzymes play a significant role in different industries related to food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and other sectors. Although enzymes find tremendous application in all sectors, their limited reusability and higher cost of production possess hurdle in their wide commercial acceptance. By using different immobilization strategies, this problem can be overcome; however, conventional strategies used for enzyme immobilization, viz., entrapment, encapsulation, and adsorption, are not efficient enough to meet the industry demands. Nowadays, the application of nanotechnology is quite a useful tool in different applications specifically in drug delivery and tissue engineering. The nanoparticle can be effectively and efficiently utilized in the enzyme immobilization to enhance its reusability while retaining its activity prevailing in the free form. This chapter focuses on the application of the novel nanotechnological tools currently used in the enzyme immobilization at the commercial l...
Background and Objective: Vanillin is a strong flavor used widely in food industries, but the qua... more Background and Objective: Vanillin is a strong flavor used widely in food industries, but the quantity of this compound from plant sources is minimal. In the present study, vanillin was produced as bio-vanillin using biotechnological techniques and effects of the process parameters (carbon-source, nitrogen-source and pH) on ferulic acid bioconversion to vanillin for enhancing vanillin concentration were studied using Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503. Material and Methods: Briefly, culture media included 5 g l-1 each carbon (glucose, sucrose, fructose, sorbitol, lactose, xylitol and mannitol) and nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, peptone, beef extract, yeast extract and urea) sources in distilled water supplemented with 5% (w v‑1) of ferulic acid and 1% (v v-1) of Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503 as inoculum at a pH range of 4.5-12. Fermentation broth was extracted using centrifuge and further analyzed for the presence of vanillin using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatogr...
Humans have conducted numerous space missions in past decades and its success depends upon many f... more Humans have conducted numerous space missions in past decades and its success depends upon many factors including astronaut health as the major factor. Health and nutrition are two vital components of life derived from food which helps in keeping one’s body alive, nourished as well as energetic including the astronauts during their long-duration manned missions. With the advancement in research and technology, it became possible to include a wide variety of dishes in the space menu, with most of them being similar to those eaten on earth. This review highlights the evolution of space food starting from mission Mercury to the current International Space Station. Furthermore, it also enlightens and focuses on types of space food, its packaging considerations, and vitamin A-rich energy balls as potential space food. Many deleterious effects of outer space explorations have been observed on the human body, such as loss of body mass, vision-related changes, loss in bone density, and even...
Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, con... more Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus o...
Enzymes play a significant role in different industries related to food, pharmaceutical, agricult... more Enzymes play a significant role in different industries related to food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and other sectors. Although enzymes find tremendous application in all sectors, their limited reusability and higher cost of production possess hurdle in their wide commercial acceptance. By using different immobilization strategies, this problem can be overcome; however, conventional strategies used for enzyme immobilization, viz., entrapment, encapsulation, and adsorption, are not efficient enough to meet the industry demands. Nowadays, the application of nanotechnology is quite a useful tool in different applications specifically in drug delivery and tissue engineering. The nanoparticle can be effectively and efficiently utilized in the enzyme immobilization to enhance its reusability while retaining its activity prevailing in the free form. This chapter focuses on the application of the novel nanotechnological tools currently used in the enzyme immobilization at the commercial l...
Background and Objective: Vanillin is a strong flavor used widely in food industries, but the qua... more Background and Objective: Vanillin is a strong flavor used widely in food industries, but the quantity of this compound from plant sources is minimal. In the present study, vanillin was produced as bio-vanillin using biotechnological techniques and effects of the process parameters (carbon-source, nitrogen-source and pH) on ferulic acid bioconversion to vanillin for enhancing vanillin concentration were studied using Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503. Material and Methods: Briefly, culture media included 5 g l-1 each carbon (glucose, sucrose, fructose, sorbitol, lactose, xylitol and mannitol) and nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, peptone, beef extract, yeast extract and urea) sources in distilled water supplemented with 5% (w v‑1) of ferulic acid and 1% (v v-1) of Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503 as inoculum at a pH range of 4.5-12. Fermentation broth was extracted using centrifuge and further analyzed for the presence of vanillin using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatogr...
Humans have conducted numerous space missions in past decades and its success depends upon many f... more Humans have conducted numerous space missions in past decades and its success depends upon many factors including astronaut health as the major factor. Health and nutrition are two vital components of life derived from food which helps in keeping one’s body alive, nourished as well as energetic including the astronauts during their long-duration manned missions. With the advancement in research and technology, it became possible to include a wide variety of dishes in the space menu, with most of them being similar to those eaten on earth. This review highlights the evolution of space food starting from mission Mercury to the current International Space Station. Furthermore, it also enlightens and focuses on types of space food, its packaging considerations, and vitamin A-rich energy balls as potential space food. Many deleterious effects of outer space explorations have been observed on the human body, such as loss of body mass, vision-related changes, loss in bone density, and even...
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