Book Reviews by Hannah M King
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Papers by Hannah M King
Language and Intercultural Communication, 2024
Despite their diversity, UK school pupils with non-English home languages are uniformly labelled ... more Despite their diversity, UK school pupils with non-English home languages are uniformly labelled English as an additional language (EAL), presupposing linguistic deficiencies and academic challenges; thus, equating multilingualism with vulnerability. As part of a
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Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2023
ABSTRACT
A growing body of work exploring transnational interaction has brought to light the impo... more ABSTRACT
A growing body of work exploring transnational interaction has brought to light the importance of awareness of multilingualism in research contexts, yet little consideration has been given to researchers working in a later learned language (LX) or the process of investigating linguistically diverse communities. This research takes place within a multilingual social space, a transnational Spanish language group in London, against the backdrop of a globalized and mobile world. The work explores the complexities of conducting research in a multilingual, international, and transient context where sharing all language varieties and/or cultures with participants may not be practical, possible, or even preferable. The data, collected by myself (a participant-researcher), includes recordings of informal social conversations, ethnographic observations, and interviews with key participants. Their analysis highlights linguistic adaptation to facilitate transnational understanding, demonstrates the value of interviews in a common LX, and considers how language ideologies and norms affect transcription of multiple language varieties. The paper argues that utilizing an ethnographic lens, particularly when working in an LX, allows for a deeper understanding of localized multilingual interaction through closeness to the participants and advocates a slow, detailed approach to data analysis.
RESUMEN
Cada vez más estudios sobre interacción transnacional revelan la importancia de tomar conciencia del multilingüismo en contextos de investigación, pero se ha prestado poca atención a los investigadores que trabajan en lenguas aprendidas después de la infancia (LX) o al proceso de investigar comunidades lingüísticamente diversas. La investigación se realiza en un espacio multilingüe-un grupo transnacional de hablantes de español en Londres-en el contexto de un mundo global con alta movilidad. Este artículo explora las complejidades de investigar en un contexto multilingüe, internacional y transitorio donde compartir variedades lingüísticas y/o culturas con los participantes puede no ser práctico, posible, o incluso preferible. Los datos, recogidos como participante-investigadora, incluyen grabaciones de conversaciones sociales informales, observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas con participantes. El análisis destaca cómo la adaptación lingüística facilita el entendimiento transnacional, demuestra el valor de realizar entrevistas en una LX compartida y considera cómo las ideologías y normas lingüísticas afectan la transcripción de múltiples variedades lingüísticas. El artículo sostiene que una perspectiva etnográfica, particularmente al investigar en una LX, permite un entendimiento más profundo de la interacción multilingüe localizada a través de un mayor acercamiento a los participantes. Asimismo, defiende un enfoque lento y detallado en el análisis de datos.
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Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 2023
ABSTRACT
Language can impact the research process in complex ways. This special issue (SI) brings... more ABSTRACT
Language can impact the research process in complex ways. This special issue (SI) brings together seven contributions which discuss the methodological implications of researching in a multilingual world, where researchers and/or research participants are likely to know more than one language. The papers examine the relationship between researchers’ language ideologies and actual practices with multilingual participants, teams or projects, from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives. The SI also considers positionality, including how researchers feel – and are perceived – when working in one or more first languages (L1), a later learned language (LX), or a language outside of their linguistic repertoire (L0). It provides practical examples of the stages of researching multilingually, focusing on key decisions that researchers make over the course of their projects, which are seldom made visible in research reports. We argue that linguistic reflexivity is an essential practice, through which researchers make informed language-related choices and continually reflect on the role of language(s) throughout their research projects. These illustrative accounts, from various geographic contexts, offer lessons from experience – distilled as questions and principles – to guide researchers in applied linguistics and beyond as they embark on the multifaceted journey of researching multilingually.
IKISIRI
Lugha inaweza kuathiri mchakato wa utafiti kwa namna changamani. Toleo hili maalumu linaleta makala saba zinazojadili tafsiri ya kimethodolojia ya kufanya utafiti katika mazingira ya wingilugha; ambamo watafiti au washiriki wanamudu zaidi ya lugha moja. Makala zinachunguza uhusiano baina ya mitazamo ya watafiti kuhusu lugha na matumizi halisi ya lugha kwa washiriki, timu au miradi inayohusisha wingilugha, katika mitazamo mbalimbali ya kinadharia na kimethodolojia. Toleo hili maalumu pia linajadili unafasi, ikijumuisha watafiti wanavyojisikia – na pia wanavyochukuliwa – wanapofanya utafiti katika lugha ya kwanza (L1) moja au zaidi, lugha iliyojifunzwa baadae (LX), au lugha wasiyoifahamu (L0). Linatoa mifano hatua kwa hatua katika utekelezaji wa utafiti kiwingilugha, likizingatia maamuzi muhimu yahusuyo lugha ambayo huzingatiwa na watafiti katika utekelezaji wa tafiti zao, ambayo ni nadra kuchapishwa katika makala za tafiti. Hoja yetu ni kwamba urejelevu wa kiisimu ni njia muhimu, ambayo kwayo watafiti hufanya chaguzi maridhawa na huendelea kufanya tafakuri kuhusu dhima ya lugha katika kipindi chote cha miradi ya ya utafiti. Masimulizi haya fafanuzi, yatokayo katika miktadha tofauti ya kijiografia, yanatoa mafunzo yatokanayo na uzoefu halisi – unaoletwa kama maswali na kanuni – kwa lengo la kuwapa mwongozo watafiti katika isimu tumizi na katika nyanja nyingine katika safari msambao ya kutafiti kwa wingilugha.
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Complete closure of the glottis is typically treated as the canonical realization of glottal stop... more Complete closure of the glottis is typically treated as the canonical realization of glottal stop, but it has instead been found to be “quite unusual” in running speech. However, such evidence comes mostly from English, with non-phonemic glottal stops. How do glottal stops vary in a language where they are common and contrastive, as in Arapaho (ISO 639 arp)? Does distinctive and frequent use of a glottal stop lead to more canonical productions? Moreover, glottalization is often used to mark prosodic boundaries; Are Arapaho phonemic glottal stops affected by boundary position? Glottal stops in an Arapaho corpus were classified on a scale of lenition and examined for duration, relative intensity, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and F0. Results show that glottal stops were seldom realized as a stop (only 25%) but instead mostly as glottalization. HNR was lower in glottalization than in adjacent vowels. Word-final glottal stops were more often realized with full closure than word-internal ones. The rarity of full glottal stops in English is also reflected in Arapaho: Greater use of these stops does not result primarily in canonical stop realizations. Moreover, glottal stop realization varies prosodically; thus, glottalization as a prosodic feature is not restricted to non-phonemic glottal stops.
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Conference Proceedings by Hannah M King
We present a replication of an experiment [23] where vowel-to-vowel coarticulation was found when... more We present a replication of an experiment [23] where vowel-to-vowel coarticulation was found when an utterance was initiated before an intervening consonant’s identity was known. English nonsense strings [əˈbVCɑ] were used. In one condition, the V was known but the C was not, with the reverse in the other condition; missing information was presented once phonation began. Results show anticipatory vowel effects on the final portion of the schwa (transitions into the stop) occurred only when the vowel was known ahead of time. Anticipatory effects of the V on the schwa’s F2 were found throughout its duration when the V was known, but only for the speaker with the shortest V duration. Perseverative effects on the final vowel were similar in both conditions, as was consonant coarticulation. The implications of these results for planning are discussed, and the value of replication in the social sciences is emphasized.
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The extent and sources of coarticulation remain an active topic of research. Whalen [18] found th... more The extent and sources of coarticulation remain an active topic of research. Whalen [18] found that vowel-to-vowel coarticulation occurred even when the utterance was initiated before an intervening consonant’s identity was known. Here, we address vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in the articulatory domain, replicating [18]. Spoken English nonsense strings [əәˈbVCɑ] were recorded with electromagnetic articulography. The V was [i] or [u] while the C was [b] or [p]. In one condition, the V was known but the C was not, it was reversed in the other condition. The missing information appeared once phonation began. Our results revealed speakerdependent motor control strategies, with anticipatory effects of the V on the tongue position of the initial schwa being present for speakers who anticipated the V identity, but not otherwise. These patterns are consistent with the position that coarticulation is planned, corroborating Whalen’s [18] conclusions.
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Book Reviews by Hannah M King
Papers by Hannah M King
A growing body of work exploring transnational interaction has brought to light the importance of awareness of multilingualism in research contexts, yet little consideration has been given to researchers working in a later learned language (LX) or the process of investigating linguistically diverse communities. This research takes place within a multilingual social space, a transnational Spanish language group in London, against the backdrop of a globalized and mobile world. The work explores the complexities of conducting research in a multilingual, international, and transient context where sharing all language varieties and/or cultures with participants may not be practical, possible, or even preferable. The data, collected by myself (a participant-researcher), includes recordings of informal social conversations, ethnographic observations, and interviews with key participants. Their analysis highlights linguistic adaptation to facilitate transnational understanding, demonstrates the value of interviews in a common LX, and considers how language ideologies and norms affect transcription of multiple language varieties. The paper argues that utilizing an ethnographic lens, particularly when working in an LX, allows for a deeper understanding of localized multilingual interaction through closeness to the participants and advocates a slow, detailed approach to data analysis.
RESUMEN
Cada vez más estudios sobre interacción transnacional revelan la importancia de tomar conciencia del multilingüismo en contextos de investigación, pero se ha prestado poca atención a los investigadores que trabajan en lenguas aprendidas después de la infancia (LX) o al proceso de investigar comunidades lingüísticamente diversas. La investigación se realiza en un espacio multilingüe-un grupo transnacional de hablantes de español en Londres-en el contexto de un mundo global con alta movilidad. Este artículo explora las complejidades de investigar en un contexto multilingüe, internacional y transitorio donde compartir variedades lingüísticas y/o culturas con los participantes puede no ser práctico, posible, o incluso preferible. Los datos, recogidos como participante-investigadora, incluyen grabaciones de conversaciones sociales informales, observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas con participantes. El análisis destaca cómo la adaptación lingüística facilita el entendimiento transnacional, demuestra el valor de realizar entrevistas en una LX compartida y considera cómo las ideologías y normas lingüísticas afectan la transcripción de múltiples variedades lingüísticas. El artículo sostiene que una perspectiva etnográfica, particularmente al investigar en una LX, permite un entendimiento más profundo de la interacción multilingüe localizada a través de un mayor acercamiento a los participantes. Asimismo, defiende un enfoque lento y detallado en el análisis de datos.
Language can impact the research process in complex ways. This special issue (SI) brings together seven contributions which discuss the methodological implications of researching in a multilingual world, where researchers and/or research participants are likely to know more than one language. The papers examine the relationship between researchers’ language ideologies and actual practices with multilingual participants, teams or projects, from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives. The SI also considers positionality, including how researchers feel – and are perceived – when working in one or more first languages (L1), a later learned language (LX), or a language outside of their linguistic repertoire (L0). It provides practical examples of the stages of researching multilingually, focusing on key decisions that researchers make over the course of their projects, which are seldom made visible in research reports. We argue that linguistic reflexivity is an essential practice, through which researchers make informed language-related choices and continually reflect on the role of language(s) throughout their research projects. These illustrative accounts, from various geographic contexts, offer lessons from experience – distilled as questions and principles – to guide researchers in applied linguistics and beyond as they embark on the multifaceted journey of researching multilingually.
IKISIRI
Lugha inaweza kuathiri mchakato wa utafiti kwa namna changamani. Toleo hili maalumu linaleta makala saba zinazojadili tafsiri ya kimethodolojia ya kufanya utafiti katika mazingira ya wingilugha; ambamo watafiti au washiriki wanamudu zaidi ya lugha moja. Makala zinachunguza uhusiano baina ya mitazamo ya watafiti kuhusu lugha na matumizi halisi ya lugha kwa washiriki, timu au miradi inayohusisha wingilugha, katika mitazamo mbalimbali ya kinadharia na kimethodolojia. Toleo hili maalumu pia linajadili unafasi, ikijumuisha watafiti wanavyojisikia – na pia wanavyochukuliwa – wanapofanya utafiti katika lugha ya kwanza (L1) moja au zaidi, lugha iliyojifunzwa baadae (LX), au lugha wasiyoifahamu (L0). Linatoa mifano hatua kwa hatua katika utekelezaji wa utafiti kiwingilugha, likizingatia maamuzi muhimu yahusuyo lugha ambayo huzingatiwa na watafiti katika utekelezaji wa tafiti zao, ambayo ni nadra kuchapishwa katika makala za tafiti. Hoja yetu ni kwamba urejelevu wa kiisimu ni njia muhimu, ambayo kwayo watafiti hufanya chaguzi maridhawa na huendelea kufanya tafakuri kuhusu dhima ya lugha katika kipindi chote cha miradi ya ya utafiti. Masimulizi haya fafanuzi, yatokayo katika miktadha tofauti ya kijiografia, yanatoa mafunzo yatokanayo na uzoefu halisi – unaoletwa kama maswali na kanuni – kwa lengo la kuwapa mwongozo watafiti katika isimu tumizi na katika nyanja nyingine katika safari msambao ya kutafiti kwa wingilugha.
Conference Proceedings by Hannah M King
A growing body of work exploring transnational interaction has brought to light the importance of awareness of multilingualism in research contexts, yet little consideration has been given to researchers working in a later learned language (LX) or the process of investigating linguistically diverse communities. This research takes place within a multilingual social space, a transnational Spanish language group in London, against the backdrop of a globalized and mobile world. The work explores the complexities of conducting research in a multilingual, international, and transient context where sharing all language varieties and/or cultures with participants may not be practical, possible, or even preferable. The data, collected by myself (a participant-researcher), includes recordings of informal social conversations, ethnographic observations, and interviews with key participants. Their analysis highlights linguistic adaptation to facilitate transnational understanding, demonstrates the value of interviews in a common LX, and considers how language ideologies and norms affect transcription of multiple language varieties. The paper argues that utilizing an ethnographic lens, particularly when working in an LX, allows for a deeper understanding of localized multilingual interaction through closeness to the participants and advocates a slow, detailed approach to data analysis.
RESUMEN
Cada vez más estudios sobre interacción transnacional revelan la importancia de tomar conciencia del multilingüismo en contextos de investigación, pero se ha prestado poca atención a los investigadores que trabajan en lenguas aprendidas después de la infancia (LX) o al proceso de investigar comunidades lingüísticamente diversas. La investigación se realiza en un espacio multilingüe-un grupo transnacional de hablantes de español en Londres-en el contexto de un mundo global con alta movilidad. Este artículo explora las complejidades de investigar en un contexto multilingüe, internacional y transitorio donde compartir variedades lingüísticas y/o culturas con los participantes puede no ser práctico, posible, o incluso preferible. Los datos, recogidos como participante-investigadora, incluyen grabaciones de conversaciones sociales informales, observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas con participantes. El análisis destaca cómo la adaptación lingüística facilita el entendimiento transnacional, demuestra el valor de realizar entrevistas en una LX compartida y considera cómo las ideologías y normas lingüísticas afectan la transcripción de múltiples variedades lingüísticas. El artículo sostiene que una perspectiva etnográfica, particularmente al investigar en una LX, permite un entendimiento más profundo de la interacción multilingüe localizada a través de un mayor acercamiento a los participantes. Asimismo, defiende un enfoque lento y detallado en el análisis de datos.
Language can impact the research process in complex ways. This special issue (SI) brings together seven contributions which discuss the methodological implications of researching in a multilingual world, where researchers and/or research participants are likely to know more than one language. The papers examine the relationship between researchers’ language ideologies and actual practices with multilingual participants, teams or projects, from a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives. The SI also considers positionality, including how researchers feel – and are perceived – when working in one or more first languages (L1), a later learned language (LX), or a language outside of their linguistic repertoire (L0). It provides practical examples of the stages of researching multilingually, focusing on key decisions that researchers make over the course of their projects, which are seldom made visible in research reports. We argue that linguistic reflexivity is an essential practice, through which researchers make informed language-related choices and continually reflect on the role of language(s) throughout their research projects. These illustrative accounts, from various geographic contexts, offer lessons from experience – distilled as questions and principles – to guide researchers in applied linguistics and beyond as they embark on the multifaceted journey of researching multilingually.
IKISIRI
Lugha inaweza kuathiri mchakato wa utafiti kwa namna changamani. Toleo hili maalumu linaleta makala saba zinazojadili tafsiri ya kimethodolojia ya kufanya utafiti katika mazingira ya wingilugha; ambamo watafiti au washiriki wanamudu zaidi ya lugha moja. Makala zinachunguza uhusiano baina ya mitazamo ya watafiti kuhusu lugha na matumizi halisi ya lugha kwa washiriki, timu au miradi inayohusisha wingilugha, katika mitazamo mbalimbali ya kinadharia na kimethodolojia. Toleo hili maalumu pia linajadili unafasi, ikijumuisha watafiti wanavyojisikia – na pia wanavyochukuliwa – wanapofanya utafiti katika lugha ya kwanza (L1) moja au zaidi, lugha iliyojifunzwa baadae (LX), au lugha wasiyoifahamu (L0). Linatoa mifano hatua kwa hatua katika utekelezaji wa utafiti kiwingilugha, likizingatia maamuzi muhimu yahusuyo lugha ambayo huzingatiwa na watafiti katika utekelezaji wa tafiti zao, ambayo ni nadra kuchapishwa katika makala za tafiti. Hoja yetu ni kwamba urejelevu wa kiisimu ni njia muhimu, ambayo kwayo watafiti hufanya chaguzi maridhawa na huendelea kufanya tafakuri kuhusu dhima ya lugha katika kipindi chote cha miradi ya ya utafiti. Masimulizi haya fafanuzi, yatokayo katika miktadha tofauti ya kijiografia, yanatoa mafunzo yatokanayo na uzoefu halisi – unaoletwa kama maswali na kanuni – kwa lengo la kuwapa mwongozo watafiti katika isimu tumizi na katika nyanja nyingine katika safari msambao ya kutafiti kwa wingilugha.