The GroE chaperonin system, which comprises GroEL and GroES, assists protein folding in vivo and ... more The GroE chaperonin system, which comprises GroEL and GroES, assists protein folding in vivo and in vitro. It is conserved in all prokaryotes except in most, but not all, members of the class of mollicutes. In Escherichia coli, about 60 proteins were found to be obligatory clients of the GroE system. Here, we describe the properties of the homologs of these GroE clients in mollicutes and the evolution of chaperonins in this class of bacteria. Comparing the properties of these homologs in mollicutes with and without chaperonins enabled us to search for features correlated with the presence of GroE. Interestingly, no sequence-based features of proteins such as average length, amino acid composition and predicted folding/disorder propensity were found to be affected by the absence of GroE. Other properties such as genome size and number of proteins were also found to not differ between mollicute species with and without GroE. Our data suggest that two clades of mollicutes re-acquired t...
Blood pressure (BP) is determined by several physiological factors that are regulated by a range ... more Blood pressure (BP) is determined by several physiological factors that are regulated by a range of complex neural, endocrine, and paracrine mechanisms. This study examined a collection of 198 human genes related to BP regulation, in the biological processes and functional prisms, as well as gene expression in organs and tissues. This was made in conjunction with an orthology analysis performed in 19 target organisms along the phylogenetic tree. We have demonstrated that transport and signaling, as well as homeostasis in general, are the most prevalent biological processes associated with BP gene orthologs across the examined species. We showed that these genes and their orthologs are expressed primarily in the kidney and adrenals of complex organisms (e.g., high order vertebrates) and in the nervous system of low complexity organisms (e.g., flies, nematodes). Furthermore, we have determined that basic functions such as ion transport are ancient and appear in all organisms, while mo...
Background: Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a potentially curative therapy acute l... more Background: Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a potentially curative therapy acute leukemia (AL) patients. Transplantation benefit must be balanced against risks, such as transplant related mortality and relapse. The complex nature of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation data (HCT), rich in interactions and possibly nonlinear associations, has motivated us to apply machine learning (ML) for predictive modeling. ML is a field of artificial intelligence and is part of the data mining approach for data analysis. Our group has recently reported on a ML based prediction model for short term HCT outcomes (Shouval R et al; JCO 2015). Using a ML algorithm, the perspective of the current study was prediction of leukemia free survival (LFS) at 2 years after an UCBT, while exploring variables' importance and interactions. Patients & Methods: A cohort of 3,149 UCBT were analyzed. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients at all ages, undergoing an UCBT (single/double unit) in ...
The goal of this study was to investigate genes associated with essential hypertension from a sys... more The goal of this study was to investigate genes associated with essential hypertension from a system perspective, making use of bioinformatic tools to gain insights that are not evident when focusing at a detail-based resolution. Using various databases (pathways, Genome Wide Association Studies, knockouts etc.), we compiled a set of about 200 genes that play a major role in hypertension and identified the interactions between them. This enabled us to create a protein-protein interaction network graph, from which we identified key elements, based on graph centrality analysis. Enriched gene regulatory elements (transcription factors and microRNAs) were extracted by motif finding techniques and knowledge-based tools. We found that the network is composed of modules associated with functions such as water retention, endothelial vasoconstriction, sympathetic activity and others. We identified the transcription factor SP1 and the two microRNAs miR27 (a and b) and miR548c-3p that seem to ...
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, Jan 2, 2018
Persistently high rates of cesarean deliveries are cause for concern for physicians, patients, an... more Persistently high rates of cesarean deliveries are cause for concern for physicians, patients, and health systems. Prelabor assessment might be refined by identifying factors that help predict an individual patient's risk of cesarean delivery. Such factors may contribute to patient safety and satisfaction as well as health system planning and resource allocation. In an earlier study, neonatal head circumference was shown to be more strongly associated with delivery mode and other outcome measures, than neonatal birth weight. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the association of sonographically measured fetal head circumference measured within one week of delivery, with delivery mode. Multi-center electronic medical record-based study of birth outcomes of primiparous women with term (37-42 weeks) singleton fetuses presenting for ultrasound with fetal biometry within one week of delivery. Fetal head circumference and estimated fetal weight were correlated with maternal back...
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the master RNA editor, catalyzing the deamination ... more Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the master RNA editor, catalyzing the deamination of adenosine to inosine. RNA editing is vital for preventing abnormal activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways by self-double-stranded RNAs. Here we determine, by parallel analysis of RNA secondary structure sequencing (PARS-seq), the global RNA secondary structure changes in ADAR1 deficient cells. Surprisingly, ADAR1 silencing resulted in a lower global double-stranded to single-stranded RNA ratio, suggesting that A-to-I editing can stabilize a large subset of imperfect RNA duplexes. The duplexes destabilized by editing are composed of vastly complementary inverted Alus found in untranslated regions of genes performing vital biological processes, including housekeeping functions and type-I interferon responses. They are predominantly cytoplasmic and generally demonstrate higher ribosomal occupancy. Our findings imply that the editing effect on RNA secondary structure is con...
The GroE chaperonin system in Escherichia coli comprises GroEL and GroES and facilitates ATP-depe... more The GroE chaperonin system in Escherichia coli comprises GroEL and GroES and facilitates ATP-dependent protein folding in vivo and in vitro. Proteins with very similar sequences and structures can differ in their dependence on GroEL for efficient folding. One potential but unverified source for GroEL dependence is frustration, wherein not all interactions in the native state are optimized energetically, thereby potentiating slow folding and misfolding. Here, we chose enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a model system and subjected it to random mutagenesis, followed by screening for variants whose in vivo folding displays increased or decreased GroEL dependence. We confirmed the altered GroEL dependence of these variants with in vitro folding assays. Strikingly, mutations at positions predicted to be highly frustrated were found to correlate with decreased GroEL dependence. Conversely, mutations at positions with low frustration were found to correlate with increased GroEL d...
Risk scores for prediction of mortality 30-days following a ST-segment elevation myocardial infar... more Risk scores for prediction of mortality 30-days following a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been developed using a conventional statistical approach. To evaluate an array of machine learning (ML) algorithms for prediction of mortality at 30-days in STEMI patients and to compare these to the conventional validated risk scores. This was a retrospective, supervised learning, data mining study. Out of a cohort of 13,422 patients from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS) registry, 2782 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria and 54 variables were considered. Prediction models for overall mortality 30days after STEMI were developed using 6 ML algorithms. Models were compared to each other and to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) scores. Depending on the algorithm, using all available variables, prediction models' performance measured in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranged from 0.64 to 0.91. The best models performed similarly to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score (0.87 SD 0.06) and outperformed the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score (0.82 SD 0.06, p<0.05). Performance of most algorithms plateaued when introduced with 15 variables. Among the top predictors were creatinine, Killip class on admission, blood pressure, glucose level, and age. We present a data mining approach for prediction of mortality post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The algorithms selected showed competence in prediction across an increasing number of variables. ML may be used for outcome prediction in complex cardiology settings.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, Jan 28, 2017
Purpose: Survival of acute leukemia (AL) patients following umbilical cord blood transplantation ... more Purpose: Survival of acute leukemia (AL) patients following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is dependent on an array of individual features. Integrative models for risk assessment are lacking. We sought to develop a scoring system for prediction of overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) at 2-years following UCBT in AL patients. <p>Experimental design: The study cohort included 3,140 pediatric and adult AL UCBT patients from the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Eurocord registries. Patients received single or double cord blood units. The dataset was geographically split into a derivation (n=2362, 65%) and validation set (n=778, 35%). Top predictors of OS were identified using the Random Survival Forest algorithm and introduced into a Cox regression model, which served for the construction of the UCBT risk score.</p> <p>Results: The score includes nine variables: disease status, diagnosis, cell dose, age, center exp...
Precision medicine aims to predict a patient's disease risk and best therapeutic options by u... more Precision medicine aims to predict a patient's disease risk and best therapeutic options by using that individual's genetic sequencing data. The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) is a community experiment consisting of genotype-phenotype prediction challenges; participants build models, undergo assessment, and share key findings. For CAGI 4, three challenges involved using exome sequencing data: bipolar disorder, Crohn's disease, and warfarin dosing. Previous CAGI challenges included prior versions of the Crohn's disease challenge. Here, we discuss the range of techniques used for phenotype prediction and discuss the methods used for assessing predictive models. Additionally, we outline some of the difficulties associated with making predictions and evaluating them. The lessons learned from the exome challenges can be applied to both research and clinical efforts to improve phenotype prediction from genotype. In addition, these challenges serve as a...
Predictive models may help in determining the risk/benefit ratio of allogeneic hematopoietic stem... more Predictive models may help in determining the risk/benefit ratio of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in acute leukemia (AL). Using a machine-learning algorithm we have previously developed the AL- European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) score for prediction of mortality following transplantation. We report here the first external validation of the AL-EBMT score in a cohort of AL patients from the Italian national transplantation network. A total of 1848 patients transplanted between the years 2000-2014 were analyzed. The median age was 45.9. Indications for HSCT were Acute Myeloid Leukemia (68.1%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (31.9%). The majority of patients were in first complete remission (60.4%), and received myeloablative conditioning (81.3%). Median follow-up was 2 years. The score was well-calibrated for prediction of day 100 mortality and 2-year overall survival (OS), leukemia free survival (LFS), and nonrelapse related morta...
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and is known ... more The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and is known for its unique RNA processing mechanisms which are common to all the kinetoplastidea including Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypanosomes possess two canonical RNA poly (A) polymerases termed PAP1 and PAP2. PAP1 is encoded by one of the only two genes harboring cis-spliced introns in this organism and its function is currently unknown. In trypanosomes all mRNAs, as well as non-coding RNAs such as small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), undergo trans-splicing and polyadenylation. Here, we show that the function of PAP1, which is located in the nucleus, is to polyadenylate non-coding RNAs, which undergo trans-splicing and polyadenylation. Major substrates of PAP1 are the small nucleolar RNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Under silencing of either PAP1 or PAP2 the level of snoRNAs is reduced. The dual polyadenylation of snoRNA intermediates is carried out by both ...
RNA editing, a post-transcriptional process, allows the diversification of proteomes beyond the g... more RNA editing, a post-transcriptional process, allows the diversification of proteomes beyond the genomic blueprint; however it is infrequently used among animals for this purpose. Recent reports suggesting increased levels of RNA editing in squids thus raise the question of the nature and effects of these events. We here show that RNA editing is particularly common in behaviorally sophisticated coleoid cephalopods, with tens of thousands of evolutionarily conserved sites. Editing is enriched in the nervous system, affecting molecules pertinent for excitability and neuronal morphology. The genomic sequence flanking editing sites is highly conserved, suggesting that the process confers a selective advantage. Due to the large number of sites, the surrounding conservation greatly reduces the number of mutations and genomic polymorphisms in protein-coding regions. This trade-off between genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity highlights the importance of RNA recoding as a strategy f...
... Or filter your current search. Amihood Amir, Find all citations by this author (default). Or ... more ... Or filter your current search. Amihood Amir, Find all citations by this author (default). Or filter your current search. Ron Unger. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. ... We designed a representation of thethreading alignment as a string on which genetic ope... Formats. ...
The GroE chaperonin system, which comprises GroEL and GroES, assists protein folding in vivo and ... more The GroE chaperonin system, which comprises GroEL and GroES, assists protein folding in vivo and in vitro. It is conserved in all prokaryotes except in most, but not all, members of the class of mollicutes. In Escherichia coli, about 60 proteins were found to be obligatory clients of the GroE system. Here, we describe the properties of the homologs of these GroE clients in mollicutes and the evolution of chaperonins in this class of bacteria. Comparing the properties of these homologs in mollicutes with and without chaperonins enabled us to search for features correlated with the presence of GroE. Interestingly, no sequence-based features of proteins such as average length, amino acid composition and predicted folding/disorder propensity were found to be affected by the absence of GroE. Other properties such as genome size and number of proteins were also found to not differ between mollicute species with and without GroE. Our data suggest that two clades of mollicutes re-acquired t...
Blood pressure (BP) is determined by several physiological factors that are regulated by a range ... more Blood pressure (BP) is determined by several physiological factors that are regulated by a range of complex neural, endocrine, and paracrine mechanisms. This study examined a collection of 198 human genes related to BP regulation, in the biological processes and functional prisms, as well as gene expression in organs and tissues. This was made in conjunction with an orthology analysis performed in 19 target organisms along the phylogenetic tree. We have demonstrated that transport and signaling, as well as homeostasis in general, are the most prevalent biological processes associated with BP gene orthologs across the examined species. We showed that these genes and their orthologs are expressed primarily in the kidney and adrenals of complex organisms (e.g., high order vertebrates) and in the nervous system of low complexity organisms (e.g., flies, nematodes). Furthermore, we have determined that basic functions such as ion transport are ancient and appear in all organisms, while mo...
Background: Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a potentially curative therapy acute l... more Background: Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a potentially curative therapy acute leukemia (AL) patients. Transplantation benefit must be balanced against risks, such as transplant related mortality and relapse. The complex nature of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation data (HCT), rich in interactions and possibly nonlinear associations, has motivated us to apply machine learning (ML) for predictive modeling. ML is a field of artificial intelligence and is part of the data mining approach for data analysis. Our group has recently reported on a ML based prediction model for short term HCT outcomes (Shouval R et al; JCO 2015). Using a ML algorithm, the perspective of the current study was prediction of leukemia free survival (LFS) at 2 years after an UCBT, while exploring variables' importance and interactions. Patients & Methods: A cohort of 3,149 UCBT were analyzed. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients at all ages, undergoing an UCBT (single/double unit) in ...
The goal of this study was to investigate genes associated with essential hypertension from a sys... more The goal of this study was to investigate genes associated with essential hypertension from a system perspective, making use of bioinformatic tools to gain insights that are not evident when focusing at a detail-based resolution. Using various databases (pathways, Genome Wide Association Studies, knockouts etc.), we compiled a set of about 200 genes that play a major role in hypertension and identified the interactions between them. This enabled us to create a protein-protein interaction network graph, from which we identified key elements, based on graph centrality analysis. Enriched gene regulatory elements (transcription factors and microRNAs) were extracted by motif finding techniques and knowledge-based tools. We found that the network is composed of modules associated with functions such as water retention, endothelial vasoconstriction, sympathetic activity and others. We identified the transcription factor SP1 and the two microRNAs miR27 (a and b) and miR548c-3p that seem to ...
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, Jan 2, 2018
Persistently high rates of cesarean deliveries are cause for concern for physicians, patients, an... more Persistently high rates of cesarean deliveries are cause for concern for physicians, patients, and health systems. Prelabor assessment might be refined by identifying factors that help predict an individual patient's risk of cesarean delivery. Such factors may contribute to patient safety and satisfaction as well as health system planning and resource allocation. In an earlier study, neonatal head circumference was shown to be more strongly associated with delivery mode and other outcome measures, than neonatal birth weight. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the association of sonographically measured fetal head circumference measured within one week of delivery, with delivery mode. Multi-center electronic medical record-based study of birth outcomes of primiparous women with term (37-42 weeks) singleton fetuses presenting for ultrasound with fetal biometry within one week of delivery. Fetal head circumference and estimated fetal weight were correlated with maternal back...
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the master RNA editor, catalyzing the deamination ... more Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the master RNA editor, catalyzing the deamination of adenosine to inosine. RNA editing is vital for preventing abnormal activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways by self-double-stranded RNAs. Here we determine, by parallel analysis of RNA secondary structure sequencing (PARS-seq), the global RNA secondary structure changes in ADAR1 deficient cells. Surprisingly, ADAR1 silencing resulted in a lower global double-stranded to single-stranded RNA ratio, suggesting that A-to-I editing can stabilize a large subset of imperfect RNA duplexes. The duplexes destabilized by editing are composed of vastly complementary inverted Alus found in untranslated regions of genes performing vital biological processes, including housekeeping functions and type-I interferon responses. They are predominantly cytoplasmic and generally demonstrate higher ribosomal occupancy. Our findings imply that the editing effect on RNA secondary structure is con...
The GroE chaperonin system in Escherichia coli comprises GroEL and GroES and facilitates ATP-depe... more The GroE chaperonin system in Escherichia coli comprises GroEL and GroES and facilitates ATP-dependent protein folding in vivo and in vitro. Proteins with very similar sequences and structures can differ in their dependence on GroEL for efficient folding. One potential but unverified source for GroEL dependence is frustration, wherein not all interactions in the native state are optimized energetically, thereby potentiating slow folding and misfolding. Here, we chose enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a model system and subjected it to random mutagenesis, followed by screening for variants whose in vivo folding displays increased or decreased GroEL dependence. We confirmed the altered GroEL dependence of these variants with in vitro folding assays. Strikingly, mutations at positions predicted to be highly frustrated were found to correlate with decreased GroEL dependence. Conversely, mutations at positions with low frustration were found to correlate with increased GroEL d...
Risk scores for prediction of mortality 30-days following a ST-segment elevation myocardial infar... more Risk scores for prediction of mortality 30-days following a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been developed using a conventional statistical approach. To evaluate an array of machine learning (ML) algorithms for prediction of mortality at 30-days in STEMI patients and to compare these to the conventional validated risk scores. This was a retrospective, supervised learning, data mining study. Out of a cohort of 13,422 patients from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS) registry, 2782 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria and 54 variables were considered. Prediction models for overall mortality 30days after STEMI were developed using 6 ML algorithms. Models were compared to each other and to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) scores. Depending on the algorithm, using all available variables, prediction models&amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; performance measured in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranged from 0.64 to 0.91. The best models performed similarly to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score (0.87 SD 0.06) and outperformed the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score (0.82 SD 0.06, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). Performance of most algorithms plateaued when introduced with 15 variables. Among the top predictors were creatinine, Killip class on admission, blood pressure, glucose level, and age. We present a data mining approach for prediction of mortality post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The algorithms selected showed competence in prediction across an increasing number of variables. ML may be used for outcome prediction in complex cardiology settings.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, Jan 28, 2017
Purpose: Survival of acute leukemia (AL) patients following umbilical cord blood transplantation ... more Purpose: Survival of acute leukemia (AL) patients following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is dependent on an array of individual features. Integrative models for risk assessment are lacking. We sought to develop a scoring system for prediction of overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) at 2-years following UCBT in AL patients. <p>Experimental design: The study cohort included 3,140 pediatric and adult AL UCBT patients from the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Eurocord registries. Patients received single or double cord blood units. The dataset was geographically split into a derivation (n=2362, 65%) and validation set (n=778, 35%). Top predictors of OS were identified using the Random Survival Forest algorithm and introduced into a Cox regression model, which served for the construction of the UCBT risk score.</p> <p>Results: The score includes nine variables: disease status, diagnosis, cell dose, age, center exp...
Precision medicine aims to predict a patient's disease risk and best therapeutic options by u... more Precision medicine aims to predict a patient's disease risk and best therapeutic options by using that individual's genetic sequencing data. The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) is a community experiment consisting of genotype-phenotype prediction challenges; participants build models, undergo assessment, and share key findings. For CAGI 4, three challenges involved using exome sequencing data: bipolar disorder, Crohn's disease, and warfarin dosing. Previous CAGI challenges included prior versions of the Crohn's disease challenge. Here, we discuss the range of techniques used for phenotype prediction and discuss the methods used for assessing predictive models. Additionally, we outline some of the difficulties associated with making predictions and evaluating them. The lessons learned from the exome challenges can be applied to both research and clinical efforts to improve phenotype prediction from genotype. In addition, these challenges serve as a...
Predictive models may help in determining the risk/benefit ratio of allogeneic hematopoietic stem... more Predictive models may help in determining the risk/benefit ratio of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in acute leukemia (AL). Using a machine-learning algorithm we have previously developed the AL- European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) score for prediction of mortality following transplantation. We report here the first external validation of the AL-EBMT score in a cohort of AL patients from the Italian national transplantation network. A total of 1848 patients transplanted between the years 2000-2014 were analyzed. The median age was 45.9. Indications for HSCT were Acute Myeloid Leukemia (68.1%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (31.9%). The majority of patients were in first complete remission (60.4%), and received myeloablative conditioning (81.3%). Median follow-up was 2 years. The score was well-calibrated for prediction of day 100 mortality and 2-year overall survival (OS), leukemia free survival (LFS), and nonrelapse related morta...
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and is known ... more The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and is known for its unique RNA processing mechanisms which are common to all the kinetoplastidea including Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypanosomes possess two canonical RNA poly (A) polymerases termed PAP1 and PAP2. PAP1 is encoded by one of the only two genes harboring cis-spliced introns in this organism and its function is currently unknown. In trypanosomes all mRNAs, as well as non-coding RNAs such as small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), undergo trans-splicing and polyadenylation. Here, we show that the function of PAP1, which is located in the nucleus, is to polyadenylate non-coding RNAs, which undergo trans-splicing and polyadenylation. Major substrates of PAP1 are the small nucleolar RNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Under silencing of either PAP1 or PAP2 the level of snoRNAs is reduced. The dual polyadenylation of snoRNA intermediates is carried out by both ...
RNA editing, a post-transcriptional process, allows the diversification of proteomes beyond the g... more RNA editing, a post-transcriptional process, allows the diversification of proteomes beyond the genomic blueprint; however it is infrequently used among animals for this purpose. Recent reports suggesting increased levels of RNA editing in squids thus raise the question of the nature and effects of these events. We here show that RNA editing is particularly common in behaviorally sophisticated coleoid cephalopods, with tens of thousands of evolutionarily conserved sites. Editing is enriched in the nervous system, affecting molecules pertinent for excitability and neuronal morphology. The genomic sequence flanking editing sites is highly conserved, suggesting that the process confers a selective advantage. Due to the large number of sites, the surrounding conservation greatly reduces the number of mutations and genomic polymorphisms in protein-coding regions. This trade-off between genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity highlights the importance of RNA recoding as a strategy f...
... Or filter your current search. Amihood Amir, Find all citations by this author (default). Or ... more ... Or filter your current search. Amihood Amir, Find all citations by this author (default). Or filter your current search. Ron Unger. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. ... We designed a representation of thethreading alignment as a string on which genetic ope... Formats. ...
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