Drafts by Ibrahim U M A R Abatcha
The heavy rains of August-September 2018 that resulted in excess runoff and overflow of reservoir... more The heavy rains of August-September 2018 that resulted in excess runoff and overflow of reservoirs in Nigeria led to the unfortunate Kogi State flood event. The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) reported that 204,597 people were affected by the flood. Following this disaster, this study conducted a rapid post disaster assessment of the situation. With a mixed methods approach, the study explored the perceived causes of the flood, awareness of flood warnings, level of preparedness and government interventions. Our findings showed that that 55.6% of the respondents were not aware of early flood warning while 30.6 percent were well prepared for the flood. Nearly 13 percent failed to prepare because they believed God would protect them. Above 40 percent of respondents attributed the incidence to rainfall. Almost 75 percent reported evacuation efforts during the incidence while many flood victims were moved to IDP camps for safety (33%). Based on the study findings, it is evident that Nigeria's flood risk management efforts are largely reactive because they are often limited to the post disaster phase. The study therefore recommended that Kogi State needs a comprehensive flood risk reduction plan comprising early flood warning systems, flood risk mapping and community-based flood adaptation plans which would ultimately improve flood resilience.
This study investigated the distribution and properties content of Jatropha curcas seeds and cast... more This study investigated the distribution and properties content of Jatropha curcas seeds and castor bean from Maiduguri, Ogbomosho and Ringim, Nigeria using standard analytical methods and field observation. The plants are available in 18 states of Nigeria and Proximate composition results show Borno Sample for Jatropha (B.S); moisture (5.8%), crude fat (8.5%), crude fiber (25%), crude protein (22.98%), ash content (2%), carbohydrate (44.22%) and phosphorus (0.02%). Jigawa Sample for Jatropha (J.S); moisture (5.8%), crude fat (9.5%), crude fiber (26%), crude protein (20.35%), ash content (1%), carbohydrate (48.15%) and phosphorus (0.1%). Ogbomosho Sample for Castor bean (C.O); moisture (5.9%), crude fat (14.5%), crude fiber (25%), crude protein (18.38%), ash content (2%), carbohydrate (48.72%) and phosphorus (0.03%). The seeds are rich in carbohydrate and crude fiber. Therefore, time, climate and human activity the oil content of Jatropha and castor seeds by 70.5 to 82.6%. while a significant increase in carbohydrate content which makes it suitable for feedstock production when detoxified.
Keywords: Jatropha Curcas, Castor Seeds, Seeds Quality, Spatial Distribution, Bio-fuel, Feedstock
International Journal of Scientific Research , 2020
This paper modelled remotely sensed data in GIS environment to examine (open) water cycle regime ... more This paper modelled remotely sensed data in GIS environment to examine (open) water cycle regime of Lake Chad for three periods. The findings would be useful to Lake Chad stakeholders (LCBC, member States, Ministries and Parastatals, local communities and Development Agencies) for Lake's management and decision making for conservation and sustainable development. The study aimed at examining the hydrologic regime using Earth observation data (EOD) for 1986, 1999 and 2003. This was achieved through the processing, extraction, computation and comparison of monthly EOD of the period/years. This led to determination of monthly Lake Chad hydrologic trend for the three periods. The study used Landsat images obtained from Unimaid GEONETCast and Earthexplorer of USGS. The data covered monthly basis of Greater Lake Chad for the three time periods were: Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ (1986, 1999 and 2003 with spatial resolution of 70, 30 and 28.5 m respectively. The study used band ratio technique using bands 4 and 3 for information extraction. The images were sliced and found out that 0.61 was the maximum water value and more than the value indicated other landuses and/or cover. The monthly estimated lake water extents of Lake Chad and for the period were plotted and trends displayed. The findings revealed that the lake's water regime of 2003 was more than that 1999 and 1986. The monthly trends of the year 2003 were also greater than 1999 and 1986. Therefore, this study reveals that the lake is experiencing an improvement in the surface water area. Though, comparing the lake of 1963 (25,000 km 2) and 2003 (2,159 km 2), there was a significant decrease of 91%. Therefore, the study recommends the Lake Chad Basin Commission, N'djamena to use climate data and link with these results.
4515 by Ibrahim U M A R Abatcha
This paper modelled remotely sensed data in GIS environment to examine (open) water cycle regime ... more This paper modelled remotely sensed data in GIS environment to examine (open) water cycle regime of Lake Chad for three periods. The findings would be useful to Lake Chad stakeholders (LCBC, member States, Ministries and Parastatals, local communities and Development Agencies) for Lake's management and decision making for conservation and sustainable development. The studyaimed at examining the hydrologic regime using Earth observation data (EOD) for 1986, 1999 and 2003.This was achieved through theprocessing, extraction, computation and comparison of monthly EOD of theperiod/years. This led to determination of monthly Lake Chad hydrologic trend for the three periods. The study usedLandsatimages obtained from UnimaidGEONETCast and Earthexplorer of USGS. The data covered monthly basis of Greater Lake Chad for the three time periodswere: Landsat MSS, TMand ETM+ (1986,1999 and 2003 with spatial resolution of 70, 30 and 28.5m respectively. The study used band ratio technique using bands 4 and 3 for information extraction. The images were sliced and found out that 0.61 was the maximum water value and more than the value indicated other landuses and/or cover.Themonthly estimated lake water extents of Lake Chad and for the period were plotted and trends displayed.The findings revealed that the lake's water regime of 2003 was more than that 1999 and 1986. The monthly trends of the year 2003 were also greater than 1999 and 1986. Therefore, this study reveals that the lake is experiencing an improvement in the surface water area.Though, comparing the lake of 1963 (25,000km 2) and 2003 (2,159km 2), there was a significant decrease of 91%. Therefore, the study recommends the Lake Chad Basin Commission, N'djamena to use climate data and link with these results.
Papers by Ibrahim U M A R Abatcha
International journal of research and innovation in social science, 2024
The persistence of terrorism, notably exemplified by the actions of extremist groups like Boko Ha... more The persistence of terrorism, notably exemplified by the actions of extremist groups like Boko Haram, continues to pose significant threats to global peace and security. In the aftermath of conflict, the return of displaced individuals to Baga presents both challenges and opportunities for the community's economic recovery and sustainable development. This study investigates the economic security of returnees in Baga and its pivotal role in fostering sustainable development in the region. The objectives of the study include assessing the physiological needs satisfaction, safety and security perceptions, willingness to stay, and livelihoods/economic security of returnees. Using a descriptive survey approach, data was gathered from a sample of 400 returnees, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Structured questionnaires were administered to capture information on various aspects of returnees' economic security and well-being. Descriptive statistics, including means, medians, and frequency distributions, were computed to summarize quantitative data, while thematic analysis was employed to identify common themes in qualitative responses. The findings reveal diverse challenges faced by returnees in meeting their physiological needs, including housing security and access to clean water. Despite these challenges, the majority of returnees' report feeling safe and express satisfaction with safety and security initiatives in Baga. However, a significant proportion still grapples with concerns about their future residency and livelihood opportunities, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions to support their reintegration and economic empowerment. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of addressing barriers to economic integration, such as limited job opportunities, access to financial services, and market inclusivity. Government assistance programs and access to natural resources like land and fishing grounds play crucial roles in supporting returnees' economic well-being and community resilience.
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, Mar 2, 2024
Climate variability, including its effects on precipitation and atmospheric conditions, is a crit... more Climate variability, including its effects on precipitation and atmospheric conditions, is a critical aspect of Earth's dynamic climate system. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events worldwide necessitates a thorough understanding of climatic changes. To address the scarcity of localized climatic studies, this research focuses on Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the rainfall variability of urban Maiduguri, with the objectives of investigating rainfall patterns, examining trends, and evaluating variability. The study
International Journal Of Novel Research And Development, 2024
This study examined the normalized difference vegetation index in Maiduguri and its environs duri... more This study examined the normalized difference vegetation index in Maiduguri and its environs during and after the rainy season using Landsat satellite imagery processed in ArcGIS 10.8, with a specific focus on the potential impact of insurgency and influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs) on vegetation dynamics. The NDVI values, assessed at six-time points during the rainy season (September) and six-time points after the rainy season (April) from 2002 to 2023, presented distinct patterns. During the rainy season, NDVI fluctuations, ranging from 0.565361 to 0.845448 (high) and-0.558536 to-0.113994 (low), underscored the responsiveness of vegetation to climatic variations. The peak NDVI in September 2018 suggests a period of heightened vegetation health, whereas the consistent values in September 2009 and 2012 may indicate either a stable ecological state or external factors influencing vegetation resilience. In the aftermath of the rainy season, NDVI values oscillated between 0.489412 and 0.690691 (high) and between 0.304126 and-0.113994 (low). April 2018 had the highest NDVI, potentially reflecting the impacts of climatic conditions, land-use practices, and ecological resilience. Conversely, April 2015 had the lowest NDVI after the rainy season, suggesting a potential decline in vegetation vitality. This study recognizes the multifaceted influence of insurgency and influx of IDPs on vegetation dynamics. The observed decline in NDVI values may be attributed to the adverse effects of insurgency, leading to tree-cutting for fuel by the displaced populations. This human-induced pressure on vegetation resources, coupled with the disruption of traditional farming activities due to conflict, contributed to the observed patterns. Understanding these intricacies is crucial for developing sustainable land management strategies that consider both ecological and socioeconomic factors.
The Maiganga coal mine in Gombe State, Nigeria, has undergone significant land use changes and la... more The Maiganga coal mine in Gombe State, Nigeria, has undergone significant land use changes and land surface temperature (LST) variations due to coal mining activities, raising substantial concerns about its environmental sustainability. This study comprehensively assessed the environmental sustainability of the Maiganga coal mine, with the following objectives; analyze spatiotemporal patterns of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes from 2005 to 2023; quantifying variations in LST, and examine the relationship between LST changes and shifts in land use. LULC data for 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2023 were used, similarly data set was used for the LST sourced from the United States Geological Survey. Leveraging ArcGIS the data were analyzed using supervised classification and thermal analysis, which enabled a comprehensive assessment of LULC changes and LST variations. The result shows a remarkable decline in farmland, ultimately diminishing by 100% by 2023. This was coupled with a significant expansion of bare land, encompassing 64.32% of the total land cover. Concurrently, vegetation exhibited a continual decline across the study period. Furthermore, a pronounced increase in LST values was observed from 2005 to 2010. The correlation analysis established a substantial positive relationship between LST changes and the proliferation of both bare land (r = 0.82, p < 0.05) and coal mining areas (r = 0.76, p < 0.05), underscoring the direct association between the expansion of these land cover types and rising LST. This study highlighted the profound influence of coal mining on the landscape and its implications for local temperature dynamics within the Maiganga region. It emphasized the urgency of adopting proactive environmental management strategies to mitigate adverse effects while promoting sustainable land use practices. Therefore, the study recommended that policymakers and mining companies should prioritize environmentally friendly mining practices and implement robust land reclamation strategies, striving to harmonize economic growth with environmental conservation in the Maiganga area.
The persistence of terrorism, notably exemplified by the actions of extremist groups like Boko Ha... more The persistence of terrorism, notably exemplified by the actions of extremist groups like Boko Haram, continues to pose significant threats to global peace and security. In the aftermath of conflict, the return of displaced individuals to Baga presents both challenges and opportunities for the community's economic recovery and sustainable development. This study investigates the economic security of returnees in Baga and its pivotal role in fostering sustainable development in the region. The objectives of the study include assessing the physiological needs satisfaction, safety and security perceptions, willingness to stay, and livelihoods/economic security of returnees. Using a descriptive survey approach, data was gathered from a sample of 400 returnees, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Structured questionnaires were administered to capture information on various aspects of returnees' economic security and well-being. Descriptive statistics, including means, medians, and frequency distributions, were computed to summarize quantitative data, while thematic analysis was employed to identify common themes in qualitative responses. The findings reveal diverse challenges faced by returnees in meeting their physiological needs, including housing security and access to clean water. Despite these challenges, the majority of returnees' report feeling safe and express satisfaction with safety and security initiatives in Baga. However, a significant proportion still grapples with concerns about their future residency and livelihood opportunities, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions to support their reintegration and economic empowerment. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of addressing barriers to economic integration, such as limited job opportunities, access to financial services, and market inclusivity. Government assistance programs and access to natural resources like land and fishing grounds play crucial roles in supporting returnees' economic well-being and community resilience.
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2024
Climate variability, including its effects on precipitation and atmospheric conditions, is a crit... more Climate variability, including its effects on precipitation and atmospheric conditions, is a critical aspect of Earth’s dynamic climate system. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events worldwide necessitates a thorough understanding of climatic changes. To address the scarcity of localized climatic studies, this research focuses on Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the rainfall variability of urban Maiduguri, with the objectives of investigating rainfall patterns, examining trends, and evaluating variability. The study utilized 31 years of rainfall data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, spanning from 1992 to 2023. The data was statistically analyzed using the Coefficient of Variation, Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Sen slope, and the Mann-Kendall trend test. The findings indicate that the minimum annual rainfall in Maiduguri is 292.7 mm, the maximum is 838.2 mm, and the mean annual rainfall is 519.34 mm. These values provide essential insights into the range and central tendency of Maiduguri’s annual rainfall, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the region’s climatic conditions. Moreover, August stands out as the month with the highest mean value of 196.66 mm, indicating the peak of the rainy season. The Total Annual Rainfall Trend in Maiduguri shows a significant positive Sen’s Slope value obtained from the Mann-Kendall test (z-statistic = 2.773, p-value = 0.005), suggesting an increasing trend in monthly rainfall. The calculated Sen’s Slope of 172.000 highlights the peak rainfall during the core months of the rainy season. This indicates a moderate level of rainfall variability (CV = 28.3%), accompanied by notable fluctuations in the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) during critical months. The Mann-Kendall trend test suggests potential shifts in precipitation patterns. This research serves as a foundation for informed decision-making by local authorities, urban planners, and environmental stakeholders
BOSU Journal of Research and Development Studies, 2023
International Journal of Agribusiness and Economic Growth, 2022
the review paper highlighted the composition and economic importance of jatropha plant, detailing... more the review paper highlighted the composition and economic importance of jatropha plant, detailing the role the biodiesel extracted from the oil is playing in promoting renewable energy. Climate change has been a major challenge throughout the world ranging from drought, flooding, water scarcity, climate related diseases, decline in crop yield, low soil fertility, rise in sea level and melting ice cap. Without doubt the climate has been changing throughout history and this has been stable in the past years. But a severe impact was witnessed called the sudano sahelian drought in the International Journal of Agribusiness and Economic Growth 1983/84 where a lot has been lost in terms of agriculture, and livelihood and Yobe state especially the Geidam axis is not an exception. Climate change is multidimensional and multi-disciplinary it crosscut along social, economic and political spheres.
African Climate Change Research Center (ACCREC) established in 2014 with operation in Borno and plans to extend to the entire North East, is committed towards addressing climate change adaptation, mitigation and
Complimenting GGW Borno project. So far we have donated more than 8,000 trees in various communities and provide direct and indirect employment to about 50 community members. To keep link with the international climate change community, ACCREC has participated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for six (6) years.
This report shows the fiscal Information of Borno State for the year 2019. It seeks to present a ... more This report shows the fiscal Information of Borno State for the year 2019. It seeks to present a comprehensive report on the revenue of the state, especially the statutory allocation and the value-added tax. It is categorized into state and local Government allocations. During the year under review, the state government received N52 billion, and 27 LGAs received N50.45 billion. This is for an informed decision; promotes transparency, accountability and effective service delivery. The 2019 Borno budget projected 60 billion naira from statutory allocation, and as of
November 2019, 71% performance (52 billion) was recorded. While VAT records 72% (10.59 billion) and Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) as of the 2nd Quarter of 2019 was 22% (3.91 billion) performance. However, the IGR of Borno recorded a 13.5 % increase despite the security challenges experienced for over a decade. This can be improved upon, with the new industrial hub, and economic diversification drive. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is necessary for reviving industries that would have a significant positive impact on the economy thereby increasing our IGR and reducing the unemployment rate in the state. This is inimical in pulling Borno out of the 31.4 % unemployment and 25.5 % underemployment drift. It is therefore recommended that citizens should be involved in the governance process in ensuring accountability of public funds, while the government should explore other sources of revenue to reduce over-dependence on federal allocation for financing development projects for sustainability.
Ibrahim Umar Abatcha & M.A. Bukar, 2022
This study examines solid waste generation and management in the Jiddari Polo Area of Jere Local ... more This study examines solid waste generation and management in the Jiddari Polo Area of Jere Local Government of Borno State. through identifying the waste generated, methods of disposal, and the socioeconomic characteristics of the residents. In achieving this study,100 respondents were determined through a systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data with the aid ofthe Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) tool. The result revealed that 57.73% of the respondents generate plastic waste by-products; 12.37% of the respondent generates food waste products; 7.22% generate bottle wastes; 6.19% generate vegetable wastes; while 6.19% of respondents generate ash waste products. Lastly, the result revealed that4.12% of the respondents generate rubber waste, 3.09% generate metallic objectsand 3.09% of respondents generate other forms of waste. 49.48% resort to burning as a disposal method while the remaining engage in roadside dumping as common waste disposal practice in the study. Therefore, the prevalence of improper disposal of municipal solid waste can lead to unsanitary conditions.They can, in turn, lead to pollution of the environment and by extensionoutbreaks of vector-borne diseases. However, the study recommends that the government and other relevant stakeholders should provide enough waste bins and proper allocation of such facilities. While also ensuring frequent waste collection in the study area as the rate of waste generation is higher.
International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management
Purpose The interconnections between climate change and health are well studied. However, there i... more Purpose The interconnections between climate change and health are well studied. However, there is a perceived need for studies that examine how responses to health hazards (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, ozone layer effects, allergens, mental health and vector-borne diseases) may assist in reducing their impacts. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence on health responses to climate hazards and list some measures to address them. Design/methodology/approach A mixed literature review, bibliometric analysis and an original online survey were undertaken on 140 participants from 55 countries spread across all geographical regions. Findings The bibliometric analysis identified that most climate-related health hazards are associated with extreme weather events. However, only one-third of the investigated papers specifically analysed the connections between climate change and health hazards, revealing a thematic gap. Also, although Africa is highly affected by climate change, o...
International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2022
Purpose-The interconnections between climate change and health are well studied. However, there i... more Purpose-The interconnections between climate change and health are well studied. However, there is a perceived need for studies that examine how responses to health hazards (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, ozone layer effects, allergens, mental health and vector-borne diseases) may assist in reducing their impacts. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence on health responses to climate hazards and list some measures to address them. Design/methodology/approach-A mixed literature review, bibliometric analysis and an original online survey were undertaken on 140 participants from 55 countries spread across all geographical regions. Findings-The bibliometric analysis identified that most climate-related health hazards are associated with extreme weather events. However, only one-third of the investigated papers specifically analysed the connections between climate change and health hazards, revealing a thematic gap. Also, although Africa is highly affected by climate change, only 5% of the assessed studies focused on this continent. Many respondents to the survey indicated "heat distress" as a significant vulnerability. The survey also identified social determinants relevant to climate-induced health vulnerabilities, such as socioeconomic and environmental factors, infrastructure and pre
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Drafts by Ibrahim U M A R Abatcha
Keywords: Jatropha Curcas, Castor Seeds, Seeds Quality, Spatial Distribution, Bio-fuel, Feedstock
4515 by Ibrahim U M A R Abatcha
Papers by Ibrahim U M A R Abatcha
African Climate Change Research Center (ACCREC) established in 2014 with operation in Borno and plans to extend to the entire North East, is committed towards addressing climate change adaptation, mitigation and
Complimenting GGW Borno project. So far we have donated more than 8,000 trees in various communities and provide direct and indirect employment to about 50 community members. To keep link with the international climate change community, ACCREC has participated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for six (6) years.
November 2019, 71% performance (52 billion) was recorded. While VAT records 72% (10.59 billion) and Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) as of the 2nd Quarter of 2019 was 22% (3.91 billion) performance. However, the IGR of Borno recorded a 13.5 % increase despite the security challenges experienced for over a decade. This can be improved upon, with the new industrial hub, and economic diversification drive. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is necessary for reviving industries that would have a significant positive impact on the economy thereby increasing our IGR and reducing the unemployment rate in the state. This is inimical in pulling Borno out of the 31.4 % unemployment and 25.5 % underemployment drift. It is therefore recommended that citizens should be involved in the governance process in ensuring accountability of public funds, while the government should explore other sources of revenue to reduce over-dependence on federal allocation for financing development projects for sustainability.
Keywords: Jatropha Curcas, Castor Seeds, Seeds Quality, Spatial Distribution, Bio-fuel, Feedstock
African Climate Change Research Center (ACCREC) established in 2014 with operation in Borno and plans to extend to the entire North East, is committed towards addressing climate change adaptation, mitigation and
Complimenting GGW Borno project. So far we have donated more than 8,000 trees in various communities and provide direct and indirect employment to about 50 community members. To keep link with the international climate change community, ACCREC has participated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for six (6) years.
November 2019, 71% performance (52 billion) was recorded. While VAT records 72% (10.59 billion) and Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) as of the 2nd Quarter of 2019 was 22% (3.91 billion) performance. However, the IGR of Borno recorded a 13.5 % increase despite the security challenges experienced for over a decade. This can be improved upon, with the new industrial hub, and economic diversification drive. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is necessary for reviving industries that would have a significant positive impact on the economy thereby increasing our IGR and reducing the unemployment rate in the state. This is inimical in pulling Borno out of the 31.4 % unemployment and 25.5 % underemployment drift. It is therefore recommended that citizens should be involved in the governance process in ensuring accountability of public funds, while the government should explore other sources of revenue to reduce over-dependence on federal allocation for financing development projects for sustainability.